直接引語間接引語

直接引語變間接引語一、如何變?nèi)朔Q：學生在將直接引語變間接引語時。常常弄不清人稱變化。下面有一句順口溜“一隨主。二隨賓，第三人稱不更新”?！耙浑S主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如：Shesaid."Mybrotherwantstogowithme."—Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.“二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱?；虮坏诙四闼揎?。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如：HesaidtoKate."Howisyoursisternow?"—HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：MrSmithsaid。"Jackisagoodworker°"fMrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker。二、如何變時態(tài)：直接引語在改為間接引語時、時態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。現(xiàn)在時它需改為過去時態(tài)；過去時態(tài)改為完成時；過去完成時則保留原來的時態(tài)。如：Shesaid."Ihavelostapen."—ShesaidshehadlostapenShesaid."Wehopeso."—Shesaidtheyhopedso.Shesaid."Hewillgotoseehisfriend"—Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend。但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一般不變化。直接引語是客觀真理。"Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth,theteachertoldme.fTheteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth。直接引語是過去進行時，時態(tài)不變。如：Jacksaid."John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?"fJackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet。直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。如：XiaoWangsaid."IwasbornonApril2l,1980。"—XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980。直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時。表示一種反復出現(xiàn)或習慣性的動作，變間接引語，時態(tài)不變。如：Hesaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning。"fHesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning。如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞沒有過去時的形式(例：oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)和已經(jīng)是過去時的形式時，(例：could,should,would,might)不再變。如：Petersaid."Youhadbettercomehavetoday。"fPetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday。三、如何變狀語：直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)津，時間狀語由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來”(例：now變?yōu)閠hen,yesterday。變?yōu)閠hedaybefore)地點狀語，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語，由“此”改為“彼”(例：this改為that),如：Hesaid,"Thesebooksaremine."fHesaidthosebookswerehis.四、如何變句型：直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導的賓語從句。如：Shesaid,"Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes."fShesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.直接引語如果是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導的賓語從句.女口：Hesaid,"Canyouswim,John?"—HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim."Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven‘tyou?"mymotherasked.—MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework."Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?"—HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應(yīng)該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導的賓語從句(賓語從句必須用陳述句語序)。Sheaskedme,"Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?"—Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應(yīng)改為"tell(ask,order,beg等)sb(not)todosth."句型。如："Don'tmakeanynoise,"shesaidtothechildren.—Shetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise."Bringmeacupoftea,please,"saidshe.—Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.直接引語如果是以“Let's”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常用“suggest+動句詞(或從句)?！比纾篐esaid,"Let'sgotothefilm."—Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.直接引語和間接引語(一)把下列句子中的直接引語改為間接引語:"Ihadbeenwaitingforhoursbeforeyouarrived,"hesaid.Hesaid,"Ijoinedthearmyin1938.""Isawthemoderndrama.TheTeahousein1964."myfathersaidtome."Youcandoitifyoutry,"hewillsaytoJulia.Shesays,"Ihavebeenverybusythesedays."Hesaidtome,"Didyoumeetyourclassmateyesterday?"Hesaid,"Didyouseethefilmlastnight?""DoesyourbrotherstudyRussian?"theteacheraskedme."Don'tbelateforclassagain,"theteachersaidtoJenny."Youmadeamistakeintheexam."hesaid.Theteachersaidtothestudent,"Ihavesomethingtodotoday."Shesays,"I'mworriedaboutmyEnglish."IaskedMary,"Whatareyoudoingnow?"Heaskedme,"Wherewereyouyesterday?"Marysaid,"I'mpreparingmylessons."Hesaid,"Ilostmypentwodaysago.""Oxygenisagas,"theteachersaid."Mybicyclehasbeenstolen,"hesaid,"Ishallhavetocallthepolice.VIHesaid,"Issheyourfriend?Heaskedme,"DoyoustudyEnglishorFrench?""Haveyouanythinginterestingtosay,George?"hesaid.He'sheretoaskforhelp,isn'the?"sheasked."Howdoyoufeel?"thedoctoraskedhim."Whywasshelateforschool?"hewantedtoknow."Whatisthetime?Isyourwatchright?"heasked."Whendoesthetrainleave?"sheaskedme."Gotobedanddon'tgetuptillyouarecalled,hismotherordered."Pleaseexplainwhyyou'relate,"thebosssaid."Smellthis,doyouthinkithasgonebad?"shesaidtome."Don'tpassuntilthegreenlightison."thepolicemansaidtohim.Hewillsay,"Ihavewateredthesunflowers."（二） 在空白處填入適當詞,使之與原句要求一致.（10分,10分鐘）ThebossaskedJohn,"Wherehaveyoubeen?"（改成間接引語）ThebossaskedJohnwhere .MarysaidthatshehaddrawnapictureoftheWestLake.（改為直接引語）Marysaid," drawnapictureoftheWestLake.WeiFangaskedmenottogivetheknifetoLiMing.（改為直接引語）" givetheknifetoLiMing,Please,"WeiFangtoldme."I'mreadingamagazineandIcan'tgotothecinemawithyou,"hesaid.（變?yōu)殚g接引語）Hesaidthathe amagazine thathecouldn'tgotothecinemawithme.TOC\o"1-5"\h\z"Stayhere!"theofficersaidtothesoldier.（改為間接引語）Theofficer thesoldier .Mr.Wuaskedthelittleboy,"Wheredidyoumeettheforeigngueststwodaysago?"（改為間接引語）Mr.Wuaskedthelittleboywhere theforeigngueststwodays .Myteacheraskedme,"Didyoutakepartintheparty?"（直接引語）Myteacheraskedme Ihadtakenpartinthepatty.Theysaid,"Wehaveneverbeenhere."（改為間接引語）Theysaidthattheyhadneverbeen .Tomaskedhertotellhimwhathadhappened.（改為直接引語）Tomsaidtoher,"Please ."Mr.LisaidhewouldgototheSummerPalacethenextday.（改為直接引語）Mr.Lisaid,"IwillgototheSummerPalace ."（三）將下列句中間接引語改為直接引語.Hetoldmetogoonwithmywork.Iaskedherwhyshehadn'ttoldmeearlier.Heaskedmehowlongitwouldtaketogotherebytrain.HetoldmethatMarxwasbornonMay5,1818.TheysaidtheyhadvisitedthemuseumonJuly1st.Thedoctortoldhernottoeattoomuchfat.HeaskedmewhetherIhadanydifficulty.Hetoldmehisbrotherwouldgotherethenextmonth.（四）在空白處填入適當?shù)脑~,使之與原句意思相符.Hesaid,"EveryoneisatschooltodayexceptLinTao."HesaidthateveryonewasatschoolexceptLinTao.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zShesaidtome,"Yesterdaymorningshecameintoclassasusual."Shetoldmethatshewentintoclassasusual .Heasked,"Hashehadanythingthismorning?"Heaskedmeifhehadanything .Heasked,"Areyouabletocometomorrowmorning."HeaskedifIwasabletogo .Heaskedme,"Whatareyoudoingtonight?"HeaskedmewhatIwasdoing ."We'vebeeninChinaforovertwoyearsnow,"shesaidtome.ShetoldmethattheyhadbeeninChinaforovertwoyears .Hesaid,"Iborrowedabookfromthelibrarytwoyearsago."TOC\o"1-5"\h\zHesaidthathehadborrowedabookfromthelibrary .Hesaid,"Imethimthedaybeforeyesterday."Hesaidthathehadmethim___.Shesaid,"We'llstartourtermthedayaftertomorrow."Shesaidthattheywouldstarttheirterm .Hesaid,"I'llbringittoschooltomorrow."Hesaidthathewould ittoschool .Heasked:"Whatdaywasityesterday?"Heaskedwhatdayithadbeen ."That'sonethingIdidn'tforgetlastnight,"hesaid.Hesaidthatwasonethinghehadn'tforgotten .Shesaidtous,"Ifellandhurtmynecklastweek."Shetoldusthatshehadfallenandhurtherneck ."Weshalltalkaboutitagainnextweek,"shesaid.Shesaidthattheywouldtalkaboutitagain .Hesaid,"Heseemedrathertiredthatday."Hesaidthatheseemedrathertired .直接引語和間接引語（一）把下列句子中的直接引語改為間接引語:"Ihadbeenwaitingforhoursbeforeyouarrived,"hesaid.Hesaid,"Ijoinedthearmyin1938.""Isawthemoderndrama.TheTeahousein1964."myfathersaidtome."Youcandoitifyoutry,"hewillsaytoJulia.Shesays,"Ihavebeenverybusythesedays."Hesaidtome,"Didyoumeetyourclassmateyesterday?"Hesaid,"Didyouseethefilmlastnight?""DoesyourbrotherstudyRussian?"theteacheraskedme."Don'tbelateforclassagain,"theteachersaidtoJenny."Youmadeamistakeintheexam."hesaid.Theteachersaidtothestudent,"Ihavesomethingtodotoday."Shesays,"I'mworriedaboutmyEnglish."IaskedMary,"Whatareyoudoingnow?"Heaskedme,"Wherewereyouyesterday?"Marysaid,"I'mpreparingmylessons."Hesaid,"Ilostmypentwodaysago.""Oxygenisagas,"theteachersaid."Mybicyclehasbeenstolen,"hesaid,"Ishallhavetocallthepolice.VIHesaid,"Issheyourfriend?Heaskedme,"DoyoustudyEnglishorFrench?""Haveyouanythinginterestingtosay,George?"hesaid.He'sheretoaskforhelp,isn'the?"sheasked."Howdoyoufeel?"thedoctoraskedhim."Whywasshelateforschool?"hewantedtoknow."Whatisthetime?Isyourwatchright?"heasked."Whendoesthetrainleave?"sheaskedme."Gotobedanddon'tgetuptillyouarecalled,hismotherordered."Pleaseexplainwhyyou'relate,"thebosssaid."Smellthis,doyouthinkithasgonebad?"shesaidtome."Don'tpassuntilthegreenlightison."thepolicemansaidtohim.Hewillsay,"Ihavewateredthesunflowers."（二） 在空白處填入適當詞,使之與原句要求一致.（10分,10分鐘）ThebossaskedJohn,"Wherehaveyoubeen?"（改成間接引語）ThebossaskedJohnwhere .MarysaidthatshehaddrawnapictureoftheWestLake.（改為直接引語）Marysaid," drawnapictureoftheWestLake.WeiFangaskedmenottogivetheknifetoLiMing.（改為直接引語）" givetheknifetoLiMing,Please,"WeiFangtoldme."I'mreadingamagazineandIcan'tgotothecinemawithyou,"hesaid.（變?yōu)殚g接引語）Hesaidthathe amagazine thathecouldn'tgotothecinemawithme."Stayhere!"theofficersaidtothesoldier.（改為間接引語）TOC\o"1-5"\h\zTheofficer thesoldier .Mr.Wuaskedthelittleboy,"Wheredidyoumeettheforeigngueststwodaysago?"（改為間接引語）Mr.Wuaskedthelittleboywhere theforeigngueststwodays .Myteacheraskedme,"Didyoutakepartintheparty?"（直接引語）Myteacheraskedme Ihadtakenpartinthepatty.Theysaid,"Wehaveneverbeenhere."（改為間接引語）Theysaidthattheyhadneverbeen .Tomaskedhertotellhimwhathadhappened.（改為直接引語）Tomsaidtoher,"Please ."Mr.LisaidhewouldgototheSummerPalacethenextday.（改為直接引語）Mr.Lisaid,"IwillgototheSummerPalace ."（三）將下列句中間接引語改為直接引語.Hetoldmetogoonwithmywork.Iaskedherwhyshehadn'ttoldmeearlier.Heaskedmehowlongitwouldtaketogotherebytrain.HetoldmethatMarxwasbornonMay5,1818.TheysaidtheyhadvisitedthemuseumonJuly1st.Thedoctortoldhernottoeattoomuchfat.HeaskedmewhetherIhadanydifficulty.Hetoldmehisbrotherwouldgotherethenextmonth.（四）在空白處填入適當?shù)脑~,使之與原句意思相符.Hesaid,"EveryoneisatschooltodayexceptLinTao."HesaidthateveryonewasatschoolexceptLinTao.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zShesaidtome,"Yesterdaymorningshecameintoclassasusual."Shetoldmethatshewentintoclassasusual .Heasked,"Hashehadanythingthismorning?"Heaskedmeifhehadanything .Heasked,"Areyouabletocometomorrowmorning."HeaskedifIwasabletogo .Heaskedme,"Whatareyoudoingtonight?"HeaskedmewhatIwasdoing ."We'vebeeninChinaforovertwoyearsnow,"shesaidtome.ShetoldmethattheyhadbeeninChinaforovertwoyears .Hesaid,"Iborrowedabookfromthelibrarytwoyearsago."Hesaidthathehadborrowedabookfromthelibrary .Hesaid,"Imethimthedaybeforeyesterday."Hesaidthathehadmethim___.Shesaid,"We'llstartourtermthedayaftertomorrow."