2019外研社版高中英語必修一Unit 1 A new start 知識清單(教師版)

閱讀單詞認讀facilityn.設(shè)施enginen.發(fā)動機,引擎insectn.昆蟲butterflyn.蝴蝶postern.海報badmintonn.羽毛球draman.戲劇bandn.樂隊,樂團photographyn.攝影inneradj.(想法或情感)未表達出來的,隱藏的,內(nèi)心的dinosaurn.恐龍dolphinn.海豚rainbown.彩虹skateboardingn.滑板運動committeen.委員會ratev.對……作評估,評價重點單詞識記senioradj.(地位、水平或級別)高的,高級的n.較年長的人campusn.校園momentn.某一時刻authorn.作者,作家panicn.驚恐,驚慌calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的,沉著的debatev.討論,辯論gymn.體育館,健身房pianon.鋼琴stagen.舞臺topicn.話題,論題gainv.獲得,贏得schedulen.計劃表,進度表,日程表awardn.獎,獎賞opportunityn.機會,時機subscribev.訂閱(報紙或雜志)viewn.(一次)觀看formeradj.從前的sightn.看到,看見figurev.認為,以為particularadj.特定的,特指的n.細節(jié)neatadj.好的,令人愉快的specificadj.具體的,特定的journaln.日記,日志junioradj.低年級的strugglev.奮斗,拼搏forwardadv.向前exchangev.意見、信息等交流核心詞匯拓展curiousadj.好奇的→curiouslyadv.好奇地→curiosityn.好奇心;求知欲impressionn.印象,感想→impressvt.給……留下深刻的好印象→impressiveadj.令人印象深刻的traditionn.傳統(tǒng);風俗→traditionaladj.傳統(tǒng)的eagernessn.熱切,渴望→eageradj.渴望的;渴求的→eagerlyadv.熱切地;渴望地explorev.考察,探險→explorationn.探險;探索;探測→explorern.探險家collectionn.作品集;收集物;收藏品→collectvt.收集;收藏organisev.組織→organisern.組織者→organisationn.組織→organisedadj.有組織的;有條理的;有秩序的breathev.呼吸→breathn.呼吸→breathlessadj.上氣不接下氣的challengen.挑戰(zhàn)vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)→challengingadj.有挑戰(zhàn)性的pressuren.壓力→pressv.按;壓descriptionn.描述,描寫,敘述,形容→describev.描述;描繪confidentadj.自信的→confidentlyadv.自信地→confidencen.自信心;信任arguev.爭論,爭辯→argumentn.爭論,爭辯sharpadj.銳利的;鋒利的;敏銳的,聰明的→sharpenv.削尖;磨快;使尖銳;變鋒利→sharplyadv.急劇地;鮮明地;嚴厲地intelligentadj.有智慧的,聰明的→intelligencen.智慧investigatev.查明,調(diào)查→investigationn.調(diào)查variousadj.各種各樣的,各種不同的→varietyn.多樣性,種類→varyv.變化;相異,不同volunteern.志愿者v.自愿做→voluntaryadj.自愿的;志愿的;無償?shù)腶pplyv.申請→applicationn.申請→applicantn.申請者graduatev.畢業(yè)→graduationn.畢業(yè)frightenedadj.受驚的;害怕的→frightenvt.使驚嚇;嚇?！鷉righteningadj.令人恐懼的selectv.挑選,選擇→selectionn.挑選,選擇;選拔memorisevt.記住→memoryn.記憶力;記憶→memorialn.紀念碑(或像等);紀念物;紀念品adj.紀念的;悼念的improvev.改進,改善→improvementn.進步performancen.(工作或活動中的)表現(xiàn)→performv.表現(xiàn);表演→performern.表演者核心短語速記seniorhigh高中onebyone依次地,一個接一個地butterfliesinone’sstomach情緒緊張,心里發(fā)慌inpanic驚慌地goallout全力以赴,竭盡全力inparticular尤其,特別referto參考,查閱;提到,談到lookforwardto(興奮地)期待,盼望dependon依賴takepartin參加,參與abandonvt.放棄;拋棄;遺棄abnormaladj.反常的abolishvt.廢除;廢止abruptlyadv.突然地;意外地abstractn.摘要adj.抽象的absurdadj.荒謬的;可笑的abundantadj.大量的;充足的;豐富的acceleratevt.&vi.加快;加速accessibleadj.易接近的;易相處的accompanyvt.陪伴;伴奏accomplishvt.完成;實現(xiàn)accountn.賬目;描述;解釋IwaslookingatthephotosonthenoticeboardwhenIheardavoicebehindme.(bedoing...when...正在做……這時……)我正在瀏覽公告牌上的照片,身后忽然傳來一個聲音。Withbutterfliesinmystomach,Ibreatheddeeply.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語)由于緊張,我深吸了一口氣。It’safantasticopportunityfornewstudentstogettoknowtheschoolandtheotherstudents.(不定式作后置定語)這是新生了解學校和認識同學的絕佳機會。ButthenIfiguredI’dbetterjustgoalloutandseewhathappens.(what引導賓語從句)不過接著我就覺得,最好還是全力以赴考考看。There’salwaysawaytobepartofsomethingyoulove,isn’tthere？(therebe句型)對于自己熱愛的事情,總是有辦法參與其中,不是嗎？Lookingbackonmyhighschoollife,themostimportantadviceI’dgiveisthesewonderfulwordsfromthewriterMayaAngelou.(非謂語動詞作狀語)回顧高中生活,我能給大家的最重要的建議就是作家瑪雅·安吉羅的一句精彩名言。請先從表格中選用本單元所學詞匯完成下列短文,然后核對答案并背誦該短文。opportunity,explore,performance,confident,panic,pressure,curiousStudentsinSeniorOneare1.curiousabouteverythinginseniorhigh,whohavegreateagerness2.toexploreeverycorner.Theywillgraspevery3.opportunitytoleaveagoodimpressiononothers.Sometimestheyareundergreat4.pressure,especiallywhenfacingchallenges.Therefore,theyoftenexchangeideasandrefertotheirlifeinjuniorschool,figuringthatpastlifeisbetter.Gradually,theycalmdownandtakeanactivepartinvariousactivities,suchasbadminton,debatecontestsanddrama5.performances.Withabusyschedule,somestudentsbegintotakeupchallengesandbecomemore6.confident.Althoughsomestudentsarestillin7.panic,theyarereadytogoalloutandholdthebeliefthattheycanachievetheirdreamsintime.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯curiousadj.好奇的;稀奇古怪的(curiosityn.好奇心)becuriousaboutsth對……感到好奇becurioustodosth好奇地做某事;極想做某事withcuriosity好奇地outofcuriosity出于好奇Inseniorhighschool,Iwascuriousaboutthecomputerandbuiltmyfirstwebsite.TheprogrammeorganisedbytheStudentCouncilarousedmanystudents’curiosity(curious).“Whatifhedoesn’tcometomorrow？”thegirlaskedwithcuriosity.他很想有機會成為當?shù)卮壬茩C構(gòu)的志愿者。Heiscurioustogettheopportunitytobeavolunteerofthelocalcharity.impressionn.印象;印記;影響;感想(impressv.使印象深刻;使銘記;使意識到impressiveadj.給人深刻印象的;感人的;令人欽佩的)leave/make/createa(n)...impressiononsb給某人留下一個……的印象impress...on...把……印在……上impresssthon/uponsb＝impresssbwithsth使某人銘記某事;給某人留下……印象beimpressedby/with...對……印象深刻Evenso,sheimpressedtheworldwithhercourageandstrongeagernesstosucceed.→Evenso,sheimpressedhercourageandstrongeagernesstosucceedon/upontheworld.Myfirstimpression(impress)ofhimwasthathewasakindandconfidentyoungman.Theteacherwasimpressedbyherperformanceintheexam.Herperformanceintheexamleft/made/createdanimpressionontheteacher.(impression)Whatimpressedtheteacherwasherperformanceintheexam.(用what引導的主語從句升級;impressv.)panicvi.&vt.(panicked;panicked;panicking)(使)驚慌n.驚恐,驚慌panicsbintodoingsth使某人倉皇行事getintoapanic陷入恐慌inpanic驚慌地;處在恐慌中Seeingsmokecomingoutoftheengine,manypeoplefledawayinpanic.簡陷入恐慌,她的心如此劇烈跳動,她感覺快要窒息了。(讀后續(xù)寫之恐懼心理描寫)Janegotintoapanic,andherheartbeatsoviolentlythatshefeltnearlysuffocated.野狼的嚎叫嚇得我尖叫起來。(讀后續(xù)寫之恐懼心理描寫)Theroarofthewildwolfpanickedmeintoscreaming.confidentadj.自信的;有把握的(confidencen.自信心)beconfidentabout/of(doing)sth對(做)某事有信心beconfidentthat...對……有信心have/show/loseconfidenceinsb對某人有/失去信心Toourrelief,thebravesailorneverlostconfidenceinhimselfandhewouldneverstopexploringtheunknownworld.Whateverchallengeswearefacedwith,wealwayshaveconfidence(confident)inourselves.努力工作,我相信我們最終會取得成功的。(應(yīng)用文寫作之演講稿)Workhard,andI’mconfidentthatwewillsucceedintheend.(beconfidentthat)Workhard,andI’mconfidentabout/ofoursuccessintheend.(beconfidentabout/of)applyvt.涂;敷;搽;應(yīng)用;運用;手壓,腳踩;致力于vi.申請;請求;使用[applicationn.申請(書);應(yīng)用applicantn.申請人]apply(tosb)forsth(向某人)申請某物applyto適用于applysthtosth把某物應(yīng)用/涂抹于……applyoneselfto致力于/集中精力于……(to為介詞)Heappliedalittleointmenttothewoundandthenappliedpressuretothebandage.Hewasoneofthe30applicants(apply)forthemanager’sposition,sohehadnoconfidenceinhimself.我寫信向你申請你們在昨天的報紙上提供的職位。如果我被錄用了,我會全身心地致力于我的工作。(應(yīng)用文寫作之申請信)I’mwritingtoapplytoyouforthepositionyouofferedinyesterday’snewspaper.Ifchosen,Iwillapplymyselftomywork.schedulen.計劃表,進度表,日程表vt.安排;預(yù)定onschedule準時;按時間表aheadofschedule＝aheadoftime提前bescheduledtodosth預(yù)定/按計劃要做某事Ifigurethatonlyifweworkextrahourscanwecompletetheprojectonscheduleorevenaheadofschedule.學生傳統(tǒng)國畫展覽按計劃要在5月15日至24日在圖書館二樓舉行。(2021·浙江6月,應(yīng)用文寫作)Anexhibitionofstudents’traditionalChinesepaintingsisscheduledtobeheldonthesecondfloorofourlibraryfromMay15toMay24.exchangen.交換;交流vt.交換;交流;交易;兌換inexchangefor作為對……的交換exchangestudents交換生exchangeAforB用A來換取Bexchangesthwithsb和某人交換某物Thevolunteersofferedtopaintthekitcheninexchangeforaweek’saccommodation.Themembersintheorganisationexchangedideaswitheachotheronthetopicafterthesignificantmeeting.我真誠地邀請所有的交換生參加這個俱樂部,此俱樂部將組織各種各樣的活動,如聽講座和練習中國書法。(2022·天津,書面表達)Isincerelyinvitealltheexchangestudentstojointheclub,whichwillorganisevariousactivities,suchaslisteningtolecturesandpracticingChinesecalligraphy.referto指的是;描述;提到,談到;查閱,參考refer...to...把……提交給……;讓(人)參考……referto...as...把……稱作……referencebooks/materials參考書/參考資料TheyalwaysrefertomeasabookwormbecauseIamalwaysaddictedtoreading.Ifyoumeetwiththewordsyoudon’tknow,youcanrefertoadictionaryorturntoothersforhelp.(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)教科書和字典可以作為參考書籍,而雜志可以作為閱讀材料。(話題作文之語言學習)Thetextbooksanddictionariescanbeusedasreferencebookswhilethemagazinescanserveasreadingmaterials.lookforwardto盼望;期待(to為介詞)lookforward有時表示“向前看”,后面跟todo表示目的。在定語從句中常考查lookforwardto,其后的動詞與to沒有任何關(guān)系。Asagroupoffourwholikemusic,wearelookingforwardtosetting(set)upourownband.Thedaythattheexchangestudentshadbeenlookingforwardtocame(come)atlast.如果你能告訴我關(guān)于這次活動的更多信息,我將不勝感激。盼望你早日回復(fù)。(應(yīng)用文寫作之求助信)Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldtellmemoreinformationabouttheactivity.I’mlookingforwardtoyourearliestreply.bedoing...when...IwaslookingatthephotosonthenoticeboardwhenIheardavoicebehindme.我正在瀏覽公告牌上的照片,身后忽然傳來一個聲音。bedoing...when...正在做……這時……,when為并列連詞,意為“此時,這時”,相當于andatthis/thattime。常用句型如下：beabouttodo...when...正要做……這時……beonthepointofdoing...when...正要做……這時……h(huán)adjustdone...when...剛做了……這時……Tomhadjustfallenasleepwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.手里拿著罐子,我正匆忙上樓梯,突然我的一只光腳被樓梯絆住了。我失去了平衡,努力使自己穩(wěn)定下來,但是沒用。罐子從我的手指間滑落,摔在了堅硬的泥土地上。我剛要去撿起地上的碎片,就聽到媽媽的聲音傳來,“發(fā)生了什么事？”(讀后續(xù)寫片段)Withthejarinmyhands,Iwaswalkingupstairsinahurrywhenoneofmybarefeetwascaughtononestair.Losingbalance,Itriedtosteadymyself,butinvain.Thejarslippingthroughmyfingers,itsmashedonthehard-as-rockmudfloor.Iwasabouttopickup/wasonthepointofpickingupthepieceswhenIheardmymom’svoice,“What’shappening？”(2022·浙江1月)Needlesstosay,Ididn’tlookforwardtoanentiretermofbeingbrushedoff,butItriedtomakethebestofitanddidn’tsayanythingforfearthatIwouldmakethingsworse.當然,我不希望整個學期都被人不理不睬地對待,以免讓事情變得更糟,我什么也沒說,只是盡力把課題做好。(2022·浙江1月)Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelike—frequentlybyplane—isviewedasimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.經(jīng)常乘飛機去參加會議、講座、研討會之類的活動,對于科學家聚集在一起交流信息來說是很重要的。(2022·全國乙)Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.Trytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoit.日程安排上都很繁忙,擠出時間給對方打電話都是件難事。盡量找個雙方都有空的時間去打電話,并堅持下去。(2019·全國Ⅰ)Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmusclesandyourbrain.如果你在戶外鍛煉,你的身體就會學會深呼吸,從而讓更多的氧氣進入你的肌肉和大腦。(2021·北京)InoneEuropeanstudy,participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure.在歐洲的一項研究中,參與者聽音樂時研究人員監(jiān)測他們的心率和血壓。提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙sharpA.adj.急劇的B.adj.敏銳的C.adj.鋒利的D.adv.(…點)整E.adj.急轉(zhuǎn)的;陡的F.adj.清晰的Shestaredatthedolphinwithhersharpbrighteyes.BTherehasbeenasharpdeclineinthedeathratebecauseoftheadvancedtechnology.AIwasapproachingafairlysharpbendthatsweptdownhilltotheleft.EThevolunteerswillgatherattheschoolgateat8:00sharpthismorning.(應(yīng)用文寫作之通知)DAllthefootmarksarequitesharpandclear.FShehadherfingercutbyasharpknifebyaccidentwhileshewascuttingpotatoes.CfigureA.身材；體形B.人物C.數(shù)字D.人影Itwillnotbelongbeforetheinflationfigurestartstofall.CSherealizedshelookedlikeachild,withhertinyfigure.(2020·天津)AThemovementissupportedbykeyfiguresinthethreemainpoliticalparties.BIsawafigureapproachinginthedarkness.DviewA.n.景色；風景B.n.視野C.n.觀點；見解；看法D.vt.觀看；看待Hisviewwasthatartshouldshocktheviewersandchallengetheirsenseofreality.CSplendidastheviewoftheEarthis,spacewalkingisnotasexcitingasyoumightthink.AYourfriendsalsoinfluencethewayyouviewyourphysicalappearance.DTherearesomanybeautifuloldbuildings—manysittingontopofbighills,offeringgreatviewsofthecity,theocean,andtheGoldenGateBridge.B快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加黑詞匯的意思。IhaveneverexperiencedabettertimehereasagraduateofTsinghuaUniversity.畢業(yè)生ThelocaltheatregroupisstagingaproductionofHamlet.上演核心知識強化練——鞏固語言知識Allexchangestudentsgatheredattheschoolgate,curioustoexplore(explore)thecampus.IwassofrightenedwhenIsawthefrighteningpolarbearwalktowardsusthatIcouldhardlystruggletomyfeet.(frighten)Youcan’timaginehowshefinishedtherelayracewithherfootwounded(wound)soseverely.Youmustmakeagoodimpression(impress)onthejudgesifyouwanttobeselected.Inhisjournal,heexpressedhiseagerness(eager)togaintheopportunitytogoabroad.Thoughmycousinisjuniortome,hisacademicperformanceissuperiortominealot.Inmyview,it’snousearguingwithhimabout/overthequestionforheissostubborn.Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.SomebeautifulTangFrescoesleftadeepimpressiononme,whichportrayedfigures(figure)vividlybyafewlines.(應(yīng)用文寫作之宣傳稿)Especiallyinterestingismakingdumplings,whichIthinkisparticularly(particular)attractivetoyou.(應(yīng)用文寫作之邀請信)單句寫作——應(yīng)用文增分練(2022·全國甲)——“保護海洋”征文比賽很榮幸有機會和大家分享關(guān)于海洋保護的一些看法。(opportunity)It’smygreathonortohavetheopportunitytosharewithyoumyopinionsonoceanconservation.隨著工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,海洋污染日益嚴重。(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))Withtheindustrydevelopingrapidly,oceanpollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.我們都知道,海洋不僅為我們提供了足夠的食物,而且還保持了自然界平衡。(notonly...butalso的倒裝)Asweallknow,notonlydoesoceanofferussufficientfood,butalsoitmaintainsthebalanceofnature.所以我們每個人都要致力于保護海洋。(apply)Soeachofusshouldapplyourselvestoprotectingtheocean.我相信,只要我們每個人都對海洋保護做出貢獻,海洋會更加干凈美麗。(confident)I’mconfidentthataslongaseachofusmakesacontributiontotheoceanprotection,theoceanwillbecleanerandmorebeautiful.微型寫作——續(xù)寫提能練[教材續(xù)寫語料]情感描寫frightenedadj.受驚的;害怕的eageradj.渴望的→eagernessn.渴望butterfliesinone’sstomach情緒緊張,心里發(fā)慌panicn.驚恐calmadj.鎮(zhèn)定的人物描寫confidentadj.自信的;有把握的curiousadj.好奇的;求知欲強的sharpadj.聰明的,敏銳的[續(xù)寫語料運用]請從以上語料中選擇合適的詞匯,完成以下語段。然后核對答案并背誦該語段。(改編自2022·1月浙江,讀后續(xù)寫)在等待結(jié)果時,我承受著巨大的壓力。我非常害怕以致喉嚨發(fā)緊,膝蓋發(fā)軟。我心里發(fā)慌,深深地吸了一口氣。我試著讓自己冷靜下來。但我很想知道誰會是我的合作伙伴。在我聽到宣布結(jié)果的那一時刻,我陷入了一種尷尬的境地。我的合作伙伴恰恰是我們班里我想逃避的那個家伙。Whilewaitingfortheresult,Iwasundergreatpressure.Iwassofrightenedthatmythroattightenedandmykneesfeltweak.Withbutterfliesinmystomach,Itookadeepbreath.Itriedtocalmmyself.ButIwascurioustoknowwhowouldbemypartner.ThemomentIheardtheannouncement,Igotintoanawkwardsituation.MypartnerwasjusttheguyinmyclasswhoIwantedtoavoid.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯。詞形變化填空(每小題2分,共20分)Onseeingthefrighteningscene,thefrightenedlittlegirlwassofrightenedthatsheburstintotears.(frighten)Theapplicantswhofilledinapplicationformstoapplyforthejobgraduatedfromkeyuniversities.(apply)Thekind-heartedorganiserofthatsocialorganisationhasbeenorganisingseveralcharityactivitiesinthepastfewmonths.(organise)Thecourageousexplorershadexploredtheunfamiliarregionandtheirexplorationledtomanynewdiscoveries.(explore)Theirimpressiveperformanceleftadeepimpressiononme.Inotherwords,Iwasdeeplyimpressedbytheirperformance.(impress)Itisnormalforchildrentobecuriousabouteverything.Theywillaskmanyquestionscuriouslyandweshouldanswerthempatientlytomeettheircuriosity.(curious)Thedemandsofvariousconsumersaredifferent,sothesupermarketoffersavarietyofgoods.(various)Anargumentaboutwhetherpeopleshouldexploretheoceantookplacean