2023年重慶考研英語二真題及答案

2023年重慶考研英語二真題及答案

SectionⅠUseofEnglishHere’sacommonscenariothatanynumberofentrepreneursfacetoday:you’retheCEOofasmallbusinessandthoughyou'remakinganice1,youneedto?ndawaytotakeittothenextlevel.whatyouneedtodois2growthbyestablishingagrowthteam.Agrowthteamismadeupofmembersfromdi?erentdepartmentswithinyourcompany,anditharnessesthepowerofcollaborationtofocus3on?ndingwaystogrow.Let'slookatareal-world4.Priortoformingagrowthteam,thesoftwarecompanyBitTorrenthad50employees.Workinginthe5departmentsofengineering,marketingandproductdevelopment.Thisbroughtthemgoodresultsuntil2012,whentheirgrowthplateaued.The6wasthattoomanycustomerswereusingthebasic,freeversionoftheirproduct.And7improvementstothepremium,paidversion,fewpeopleweremakingtheupgrade.Thingschanged,8,whenaninnovativeprojectmarketingmanagercameaboard,9agrowthteamandsparkedthekindof10perspectivetheyneeded.Bylookingatengineeringissuesfromamarketingpointofview,itbecameclearthatthe11ofupgradeswasn'tduetoaqualityissue.Mostcustomersweresimplyunawareofthepremiumversionandwhatito?ered.Armedwiththis12,themarketingandengineeringteamsjoinedforcestoraiseawarenessbyprominently13thepremiumversiontousersofthefreeversion.14,upgradesskyrocketed,andrevenueincreasedby92percent.Butinorderforyourgrowth,teamtosucceed,itneedstoahaveastrongleader.Itneedssomeonewhocan15theinterdisciplinaryteamandkeepthemoncourseforimprovement.Thisleaderwill16thetargetarea,setcleargoalsandestablishatimeframeforthe17ofthesegoals.Thisgrowthleaderisalso18forkeepingtheteamfocusonmovingforwardandsteerthemclearofdistractions.19attractive,newideascanbedistracting,theteamleadermustrecognizewhentheseideasdon’t20thecurrentgoalandneedtobeputonthebackburner.1.A.purchaseB.pro?tC.connectionD.bet2.A.de?neB.predictC.prioritizeD.appreciate3.A.exclusivelyB.temporarilyC.potentiallyD.initially4.A.experimentB.proposalC.debateD.example5.A.identicalB.marginalC.provisionalD.traditional6.A.rumorB.secretC.mythD.problem7.A.despiteB.unlikeC.throughD.besides8.A.moreoverB.howeverC.thereforeD.again9.A.inspectedB.createdC.expandedD.reformed10.A.culturalB.objectiveC.freshD.personal11.A.endB.burdenC.lackD.decrease12.A.policyB.suggestionC.purposeD.insight13.A.contributingB.allocatingC.promotingD.transferring14.A.AsaresultB.AtanyrateC.BythewayD.Inasense15.A.uniteB.?nanceC.followD.choose16.A.shareB.identifyC.divideD.broaden17.A.announcementB.assessmentC.adjustmentD.accomplishment18.A.famousB.responsibleC.availableD.respectable19.A.BeforeB.OnceC.WhileD.Unless20.A.serveB.limitC.summarizeD.alter【1】B.pro?t原文提到“小公司的CEO也掙到了大錢”。makeanicepro?t意為“掙得可觀的利潤”，故選pro?t?！?】C.prioritize原文提到“所需要做的是通過建立一個(gè)發(fā)展小組來優(yōu)先促進(jìn)增長”。此處強(qiáng)調(diào)“優(yōu)先性”，故選prioritize?！?】A.exclusively原文提到“利用合作的力量來專注于專門尋找增長的方法”。exclusively表示“獨(dú)占地，專門地”，符合題意。【4】D.example原文提到“來看一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的例子”，此處通過舉例子來例證上文的觀點(diǎn)，故選example?！?】D.traditional原文提到“50名雇員在工程、市場營銷與產(chǎn)品研發(fā)等傳統(tǒng)部門工作”。traditional表示“傳統(tǒng)的”，符合題意?！?】D.problem原文提到“問題是太多的顧客可以免費(fèi)使用其產(chǎn)品的基礎(chǔ)免費(fèi)版本”。上文指出最開始卓有成就，但后來陷入了瓶頸期，所以，此處應(yīng)銜接具有產(chǎn)生什么樣的問題。故選problem?！?】A.despite原文提到“雖然對(duì)于付費(fèi)版本做出了一定的改善，但是幾乎沒有人進(jìn)行升級(jí)”。此處前后形成讓步-轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯，故選despite。【8】B.however原文提到“但是自從一位創(chuàng)新的海外經(jīng)理人的到來使得事情發(fā)生了改變”。此處考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，上文指出改善沒有得到公眾的買賬，而海外人才的引入?yún)s改變了這一些，所以，此處應(yīng)填入轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯詞，故選however?！?】B.created原文提到“這名經(jīng)理人創(chuàng)建了發(fā)展團(tuán)隊(duì)”。此處與首段establishagrowthteam形成語義復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選created?！?0】C.fresh原文提到“引發(fā)了一個(gè)他們所需要的新鮮視角”。創(chuàng)新人才的加入勢(shì)必會(huì)給團(tuán)隊(duì)帶來新鮮血液。此處與本段innovative形成語義復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選fresh?！?1】C.lack原文提到“缺少升級(jí)的原因并不是由質(zhì)量問題多導(dǎo)致，而是大部分消費(fèi)者沒有這方面的意識(shí)”。上文提到很少有消費(fèi)者進(jìn)行升級(jí)，所以產(chǎn)品缺少升級(jí)，故選lack?！?2】D.insight原文提到“具備這種洞察力，市場營銷和工程部門加入到了團(tuán)隊(duì)之中”。此處與上文freshperspective形成語義復(fù)現(xiàn)，新鮮的看法預(yù)示著對(duì)事情有了更獨(dú)到的見解，故選insight。【13】C.promoting原文提到“將免費(fèi)版本升級(jí)成優(yōu)質(zhì)版本”。此處與后文upgrade形成語義復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選promoting?！?4】A.Asaresult原文提到“因此，升級(jí)量激增”。此處考查句間的邏輯關(guān)系，由于版本變得更加優(yōu)質(zhì)，所以選擇升級(jí)的人數(shù)數(shù)量在增加，因此應(yīng)填入因果邏輯詞，故選asaresult。【15】A.unite原文提到“需要一個(gè)人來聯(lián)合來自跨學(xué)科的組別”。上文leader一詞提示，員工之間需要團(tuán)結(jié)才能成功。unite意為“聯(lián)合”，符合題意?！?6】B.identify原文提到“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)需要確定目標(biāo)區(qū)域”。下文指出設(shè)立目標(biāo)，所以在設(shè)立目標(biāo)之前應(yīng)確定目標(biāo)區(qū)域，故選identify。

【17】D.accomplishment原文提到“建立時(shí)間框架賴完成這些目標(biāo)”。上文提到設(shè)立目標(biāo)，所以此處應(yīng)表示實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，故選accomplishment?！?8】B.responsible原文提到“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)需要負(fù)責(zé)去帶領(lǐng)整個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)一起前進(jìn)”。beresponsiblefor意為“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”，符合題意?！?9】C.while原文提到“雖然很有吸引力，但是新的想法會(huì)讓人分心”。此處體現(xiàn)句間的讓步-轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯關(guān)系，故選while?！?0】A.serve原文提到“一些想法不能服務(wù)目前的目標(biāo)，并且需要暫時(shí)擱置”。即想法和目標(biāo)無法實(shí)現(xiàn)協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一，所以需要暫停，故選serve。SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartAText1\21.TheRHSthinksthatplasticgrass_A.isharmfultotheenvironmentB.isahottopicingardeningcirclesC.isoverpraisedintheannualshowD.isruiningtheviewofWestLondon【21】A.isharmfultotheenvironment解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問RHS對(duì)于plasticgrass塑料草的看法。通過RHS和plasticgrass定位，鎖定句子“TheRoyalHorticulturalSociety(RHS),whichrunstheannualshowinwestLondon,saysithasintroducedthebanbecauseofthedamageplasticgrassdoestotheenvironmentandbiodiversity.”核心句意“由于塑料草對(duì)環(huán)境和生物多樣性造成的破壞，RHS出臺(tái)了這項(xiàng)禁令?！蔽恼轮衎ecauseofthedamageplasticgrassdoestotheenvironmentandbiodiversity.對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)isharmfultotheenvironment。damage和harmful為同義改寫。\22.ThepetitionsmentionedinParagraph3revealedthecampaigners’A.disappointmentwiththeRHSB.resistancetofakegrassuseC.angerovertheproposedtaxD.concernaboutrealgrasssupply【22】B.resistancetofakegrassuse解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，通過題干petitions(請(qǐng)?jiān)笗?和campaigners(運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者)進(jìn)行定位。通過campaigners所在句子“TheRHS’sdecisioncomesascampaignerstrytoraiseawarenessoftheproblemsfakegrasscauses.”得知，campaigners試圖提高人們對(duì)假草造成的問題的認(rèn)識(shí)。下文petitions所在句子，詳細(xì)說明提升對(duì)假草問題的具體方式：Itistryingtoencouragepeopletosigntwopetitions,onecallingforabanonthesaleofplasticgrassandanothercallingforan“ecologicaldamage”taxonsuchlawns.即“呼吁禁止銷售塑料草，和呼吁對(duì)此類草坪征收“生態(tài)破壞”稅”。只有B選項(xiàng)resistancetofakegrassuse(對(duì)假草使用的抵制)，對(duì)定位句進(jìn)行了同義改寫。\23.InParagraph4,supportersoffakegrasspointout__A.thenecessitytolowerthecostsoffakegrassB.thedisadvantagesofgrowingrealgrassC.thewaytotakecareofarti?ciallawnsD.thechallengesofinsecthabitatprotection

【23】B.thedisadvantagesofgrowingrealgrass解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問假草支持者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。通過第4段內(nèi)容可概括出“天然草坪也會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成影響，并且真正的草需要大量的水、除草劑或其他處理?！敝挥蠦選項(xiàng)thedisadvantagesofgrowingrealgrass(種植真草的缺點(diǎn)),是對(duì)文章的同義概括。\24.Whatwouldthegovernmentdowithregardtoarti?cialgrass?A.UrgelegislationtorestrictitsuseB.TakemeasurestoguaranteeitsqualityC.Reminditsuserstoobeyexistingrules.D.Replaceitwithsustainablealternatives.【24】C.Reminditsuserstoobeyexistingrules.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問“政府會(huì)如何處理人造草?”通過government和arti?cialgrass定位，從文章中得知“政府沒有計(jì)劃禁止使用人造草，并且人工草地的使用必須遵守現(xiàn)有的法律和政策保障措施。文章中的complywiththelegalandpolicy(遵守法律和政策)與B選項(xiàng)Reminditsuserstoobeyexistingrules.(提醒用戶遵守現(xiàn)有規(guī)則。)是同義改寫。\25.ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthatfakegrassA.isbeingimprovedcontinuouslyB.hasseenamarketsharedeclineC.isbecomingincreasinga?ordableD.hasbeenacontroversialproduct【25】D.hasbeenacontroversialproduct.解析：該題為主旨題，問通過文章可以得出什么關(guān)于假草的結(jié)論。本題考查對(duì)文章主旨和段落大意的把握。文章闡述了RHS，假草支持者，和政府對(duì)于假草的不同態(tài)度，其中RHS禁止假草的使用，而政府表明沒有禁止計(jì)劃。各方觀點(diǎn)明確并闡述了理由。因?yàn)槲恼率菄@fakegrass展開爭議，因?yàn)榇鸢甘荄，是“有爭議性的產(chǎn)品”。Text226.WhatproblemareUSnationalparksfacedwith?A.Declineofbusinesspro?ts.B.Inadequatecommercialization.C.Lackoftransportationservices.D.Poorlymaintainedinfrastructure.【26】DPoorlymaintainedinfrastructure.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問美國國家公園面臨著什么問題，根據(jù)problem,USnationalparks回到原文定位，文中提到：“美國國家公園正處于危機(jī)之中。他們總共有超過120億美元的維護(hù)費(fèi)用積壓下來沒有撥款?！?U.S.nationalparksareincrisis.Collectively,theyhaveamaintenancebacklogofmorethan$12billion.)所以美國國家公園面臨著維護(hù)缺錢的問題，即基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施維護(hù)不良。27.Increasedprivatizationofthecampgroundsmay.A.spoilvisitorexperienceB.helppreservenatureC.bringoperationalpressureD.boostvisitstoparks【27】A.spoilvisitorexperience解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問增加露營地的私有化可能會(huì)如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞privatization，thecampgrounds回到原文定位，文中提到：“增加私有化肯定會(huì)削弱每年3億游客來公園的主要原因之一:享受自然，從淹沒日常生活的商業(yè)鼓聲中得到喘息?！?increasedprivatizationwouldcertainlyundercutoneofthemajorreasonswhy300millionvisitorscometotheparkseachyear:toenjoynatureandgetarespitefromthecommercialdrumbeatthatoverwhelms

dailylife.)所以增加露營地的私有化可能會(huì)讓游客仍然受到商業(yè)的影響，不能更好地享受自然，即破壞游客體驗(yàn)。28.AccordingtoParagraph5,mostrespondentsinthesurveywouldA.gotothenationalparksonaregularbasis.B.advocateabiggerbudgetforthenationalparks.C.agreetopayextraforthenationalparks.D.supportthenationalparks’recentreforms.【28】C.agreetopayextraforthenationalparks.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問調(diào)查中的大多數(shù)受訪者會(huì)如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞respondents，thesurvey回到原文定位，文中提到：“約81%的受訪者表示，他們?cè)敢庠谖磥?0年繳納額外的稅款，以避免任何削減國家公園的開支?！?Some81%ofrespondentssaidtheywouldbewillingtopayadditionaltaxesforthenext10yearstoavoidanycutstothenationalparks.)所以調(diào)查中的大多數(shù)受訪者會(huì)愿意額外繳納稅款，即同意為國家公園支付額外的費(fèi)用。29.ThenationalparksarevaluableinthattheyA.leadthewayintourism.B.havehistoricalsigni?cance.C.sponsorresearchonclimateD.provideanincomeforthelocals.【29】B.havehistoricalsigni?cance.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問國家公園很有價(jià)值因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)趺礃?，根?jù)關(guān)鍵詞thenationalparks，valuable回到原文中定位，文中提到，這些公園還有助于讓美國的歷史充滿活力，與全國數(shù)千個(gè)地方司法機(jī)構(gòu)合作，保護(hù)包括埃利斯島和葛底斯堡在內(nèi)的歷史遺跡，并讓這些地方的故事變得生動(dòng)起來。”(TheparksalsohelpkeepAmerica’spastalive,workingwiththousandsoflocaljurisdictionsaroundthecountrytoprotecthistoricalsites—includingEllisIslandandGettysburg—andtobringthestoriesoftheseplacestolife.)所以國家公園很有價(jià)值因?yàn)樗鼈冇兄谧屆绹臍v史充滿活力，保護(hù)歷史遺跡，即有歷史意義。30.ItcanbeconcludedfromthetextthatthenationalparksystemA.isabletocopewithsta?shortage.B.isabletomeetvisitor’sdemands.C.isinneedofanewpricepolicy.D.isinneedofafundingincrease.【30】D.isinneedofafundingincrease.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問國家公園體系如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thenationalparksystem回到原文中定位，文中提到：“國會(huì)每年只給國家公園系統(tǒng)撥款30億美元——這一數(shù)額自2001年以來一直沒有變化(以通貨膨脹調(diào)整后的美元計(jì)算)，除了2009年作為奧巴馬刺激計(jì)劃一部分的一次增加。與此同時(shí)，自1980年以來，每年的游客數(shù)量增長了50%以上，現(xiàn)在每年達(dá)到3.3億人次。”(Congressallocatesonly$3billionayeartothenationalparksystem—anamountthathasbeen?atsince2001(inin?ation-adjusteddollars)withtheexceptionofaonetimeboostin2009aspartoftheObamastimuluspackage.Meanwhile,thenumberofannualvisitorshasincreasedbymorethan50%since1980,andnowstandsat330millionvisitorsperyear.)可以得知，國家公園體系得到的撥款每年基本上保持不變，然而參觀公園的游客再增長，所以國家公園體系需要撥款資金的增加。Text3\31.Sparrow’sstudyshowthatwiththeInternet,thehumanbrainwillA.analyzeinformationindetailB.collectinformatione?ciently

C.switchitsfocusofmemoryD.extenditsmemoryduration【31】C.switchitsfocusofmemory解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問Sparrow的研究表明在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代，人類大腦會(huì)怎樣。通過Sparrow定位，最終鎖定第一段最后一句，即對(duì)研究結(jié)論的表“humanmemoryisnotdeterioratingbut"adaptingtonewcommunicationstechnology,"人類的記憶并沒有退化，而是“適應(yīng)新的通信技術(shù)”。CD選項(xiàng)都提到了memory,C是轉(zhuǎn)換大腦記憶焦點(diǎn)，D是延長大腦記憶時(shí)間。文章中的“適應(yīng)新的通信技術(shù)”對(duì)應(yīng)C選項(xiàng)“轉(zhuǎn)換焦點(diǎn)。”，因此答案是C。\32.Theprocessof“cognitiveo?oading”___A.helpsusidentifyfalseinformationB.keepsourmemoryfromfailingC.enablesustoclassifytrivialfactsD.lessensourmemoryburdens【32】D.lessensourmemoryburdens解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，通過cognitiveo?oading定位。文章描述“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在成為我們記憶的外部硬盤，這一過程被稱為“cognitiveo?oading”。傳統(tǒng)上，這一角色是由數(shù)據(jù)庫、圖書館和其他人類完成的。例如，你的父親可能永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)記得生日，因?yàn)槟愕哪赣H會(huì)記得?！奔碿ognitiveo?oading可以幫助儲(chǔ)存部分記憶，即對(duì)應(yīng)D選項(xiàng)“減輕我們的記憶負(fù)擔(dān)”。\33.WhichofthefollowingwouldSparrowssupportabouttheInternet?A.ItmayreformourlearningapproachB.ItmayimpactoursocietynegativelyC.ItmayenhanceouradaptabilitytotechnologyD.Itmayinterferewithourconceptualthinking【33】A.Itmayreformourlearningapproach解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，通過Sparrows進(jìn)行定位，本句話表明了Sparrows的觀點(diǎn)：“thetrendwillchangeourapproachtolearningfromafocusonindividualfactsandmemorizationtoanemphasisonmoreconceptualthinking”“也許，她建議，這一趨勢(shì)將改變我們的學(xué)習(xí)方式，從關(guān)注個(gè)人事實(shí)和記憶轉(zhuǎn)變，變?yōu)殛P(guān)注更多的概念思維”。A選項(xiàng)Itmayreformourlearningapproach(它可能會(huì)改變我們的學(xué)習(xí)方式)是對(duì)文章的同義改寫。\34.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thathowtheInterneta?ectsourbrains_A.requiresfurtheracademicresearchB.ismoststudiedinolderadultsC.isre?ectedinourreadingspeedD.dependsonourweb-sur?nghabits【34】A.requiresfurtheracademicresearch解析：該題為推斷題。段首句明確表示“還有其他專家表示，現(xiàn)在了解互聯(lián)網(wǎng)如何影響我們的大腦還為時(shí)過早。”。A選項(xiàng)“需要進(jìn)一步的學(xué)術(shù)研究”是對(duì)文章的同義改寫。\35.NeitherSparrowsnorStormwouldagreethat__A.ourrelianceontheInternetwillbecostlyB.theInternetisweakeningourmemoryC.memoryexerciseisamustforourbrainsD.ourabilitytofucusdeclineswithage

【35】B.theInternetisweakeningourmemory解析：該題為觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比，問Sparrows和Storm都不會(huì)同意什么。Sparrows認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以改變我們的學(xué)習(xí)方式，Storm在文章最后一段表明觀點(diǎn)。"TheremaybecostsassociatedwithourincreasedrelianceontheInternet,butI'dhavetoimaginethatoverallthebene?tsaregoingtooutweighthosecosts,"“我們對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的依賴增加可能會(huì)帶來一些成本，但我不得不想象，總的來說，收益將超過這些成本?！保?yàn)镾torm也支持互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。即兩人都沒有認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有害，對(duì)應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)theInternetisweakeningourmemory，即都不會(huì)認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在削弱我們的記憶。Text436.AccordingtoParagraph1,childrengrowingintoadolescencetendto.A.developoppositepersonalitytraits.B.seetheworldinanunreasonableway.C.havefondmemoriesoftheirpast.D.showa?ectionfortheirparents.【36】A.developoppositepersonalitytraits.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問進(jìn)入青春期的孩子往往會(huì)如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞children，adolescence回到原文中定位，文中提到：“在青春期，無助和依賴成年人的孩子成為獨(dú)立的人，他們可以照顧自己，互相幫助。與此同時(shí)，曾經(jīng)快樂順從的孩子變成了叛逆的冒險(xiǎn)家，往往到了自我毀滅的地步。(Inadolescence,helplessanddependentchildrenwhohavereliedongrown-upsforjustabouteverythingbecomeindependentpeoplewhocantakecareofthemselvesandhelpeachother.Atthesametime,oncecheerfulandcompliantchildrenbecomerebelliousteenagerisk-takers,oftentothepointofself-destruction.)所以進(jìn)入青春期的孩子往往發(fā)展出相反的人格特征。37.ItcanbelearnedformParagraph2thatCrone’sstudyA.exploresteenagers’socialresponsibilities.B.examinesteenagers’emotionalproblems.C.providesanewinsightintoadolescence.D.highlightsnegativeadolescentbehavior.【37】C.providesanewinsightintoadolescence.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問Crone的研究如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Crone’sstudy回到原文中定位，文中提到：“這項(xiàng)研究是對(duì)青春期思考的新浪潮的一部分。很長一段時(shí)間以來，科學(xué)家和政策制定者都認(rèn)為青少年是一個(gè)需要解決的問題。這項(xiàng)新研究強(qiáng)調(diào)，青春期是一個(gè)充滿機(jī)遇和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的時(shí)期?！?Thestudyispartofanewwaveofthinkingaboutadolescence.Foralongtime,scientistsandpolicymakersconcentratedontheideathatteenagerswereaproblemthatneededtobesolved.Thenewworkemphasizesthatadolescenceisatimeofopportunityaswellasrisk.)所以Crone的研究和以往對(duì)于青春期的思考不一樣，即為青春期提供了一個(gè)新的見解。38.WhatdoesCrone’sstudy?ndaboutprosocialbehavior?A.Itresultsfromthewishtocooperate.B.Itiscultivatedthrougheducation.C.Itissubjecttofamilyin?uence.D.Ittendstopeakinadolescence.【38】D.Ittendstopeakinadolescence.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問關(guān)于親社會(huì)的行為，Crone的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Crone’sstudy，prosocialbehavior回到原文中定位，文中提到：“有趣的是，這項(xiàng)新研究表明，親社會(huì)行為也存在同樣的模式。青少年比年幼的兒童或成年人更有可能報(bào)告他們做過無私地幫助朋友等事情。”(thenewstudyshowsthat,interestingly,thesamepatternholdsfor

prosocialbehavior.Teenagersweremorelikelythanyoungerchildrenoradultstoreportthattheydidthingslikeunsel?shlyhelpafriend.)所以相比幼童和成人，青少年更容易做出親社會(huì)的行為，即親社會(huì)的行為往往在青春期達(dá)到頂峰。39.ItcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatteenagersA.overstresstheirin?uenceonothers.B.carealotaboutsocialrecognition.C.becomeanxiousabouttheirfuture.D.endeavortoliveajoyfullife.【39】B.carealotaboutsocialrecognition.解析：該題為推理題，問青少年如何，文中提到：“青少年對(duì)社會(huì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)特別敏感——贏得比賽，給新朋友留下深刻印象，讓那個(gè)男孩注意到你?！?Teenagersareparticularlysensitivetosocialrewards—winningthegame,impressinganewfriend,gettingthatboytonoticeyou.)這些都是說青少年在乎社會(huì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，即社會(huì)認(rèn)可。40.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whyteenagersareself-contradictory.B.Whyteenagersaresensitive.C.Howteenagersdevelopprosociality.D.Howteenagersbecomeindependent.【40】A.Whyteenagersareself-contradictory.解析：該題為主旨題，第一段開頭提到青少年是矛盾的，中間部分通過實(shí)驗(yàn)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)主要討論青少年自相矛盾的表現(xiàn)，最后部分探討了青少年自相矛盾產(chǎn)生的原因。所以這篇文章主要討論了青少年為什么是自相矛盾的。PartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Newbuildingregulationsaimedatimprovingenergye?ciencyaresettoincreasethepriceofnewhomes,aswellasthoseofextensionsandloftconversionsonexistingones.Therules,whichcameintoe?ectonWednesdayinEngland,arepartofgovernmentplanstoreducetheUK’scarbonemissionstonetzeroby2050.Theysetnewstandardsforventilation,energye?ciencyandheating,andstatethatnewresidentialbuildingsmusthavechargingpointsforelectricvehicles.Themovesarethemostsigni?cantchangetobuildingregulationsinyears,andindustryexpertssaytheywillinevitablyleadtohigherpricesatatimewhenashortageofmaterialsandhighlabourcostsisalreadydrivingupbills.BrianBerry,chiefexecutiveoftheFederationofMasterBuilders,atradegroupforsmallandmedium-sizedbuilders,saysthemeasureswillrequirenewmaterials,testingmethods,productsandsystemstobeinstalled.“Allthiscomesatanincreasedcostduringatimewhenpricesarealreadyskyhigh.Inevitably,consumerswillhavetopaymore,”hesays.GarethBelsham,ofsurveyorsNaismiths,sayspeoplewhoareupgrading,orextendingtheirhome,willbedirectlya?ected.

“Thebiggestchangesrelatetoheatingandinsulation,”hesays.“Therearenewrulesconcerningtheamountofglazingusedinextensions,andanynewwindowsordoorsmustbehighlyinsulated.”Thechangescouldmeananextra￡3,000addedtothebillofanaveragehomeextension,accordingtoJonathanRolandeoftheNationalAssociationofPropertyBuyers,agroupofprofessionalsaimedatraisingconstructionstandards.Homeownersextendingmayseetheamountofspacetheyhavedecrease,aswallswillhavetobethickerinordertocomplywithrequirementsforbetterinsulation.AndrewMellor,ofPRParchitects,saysexternalwallswillneedtobeabout7cmthickerthanpreviously.Windowsanddoorswillhavetoadheretohigherstandards,whiletherearenewlimitsontheamountofglazingyoucanhavetoreduceunwantedheatfromthesun.ThomasGoodman,ofMyJobQuote,asitewhichsourcesquotes,saysthiswillbringinnewrestrictionsforextensions.“Glazingonwindows,doorsandrooflightsmustcovernomorethan25%ofthe?oorareatopreventheatloss,”hesays.Aspropertiesbecomemoreairtight,therearealsomeasurestoensureproperair?ow,suchashavingsmallopenings(tricklevents)onwindowsthatallowventilationwhenawindowisclosed.Forpeopleextendingtheirhomes,theymayberequiredtoinstallanew,orreplacement,heatingsystemdependingonthesizeofthebuild,saysBelsham.Thesewillhavetouselowertemperaturewatertodeliverthesameheat,whichwillrequireincreasedinsulationofpipes.“We’llseemoreinsulation,betterlightingdesignandrestrictionsontheamountofglassusedinsomeareas.Butwithmorethermal-e?cienthomescancometheriskofoverheatingduetosolargain,andsoventilationisalsocovered,”saysRolande.“Asaresult,double-glazedwindowswillrequiretrickleventstoletheatescapeandalsotoprovidefreshairforhealthreasonsand,ofcourse,toreducetheriskofcondensationbuildupinanever-moreairtightproperty.”Astherulescameintoe?ectlastWednesday,propertydeveloperswererushingto?leplansjustbeforethedeadline,accordingtoBelsham.Anyplanssubmittedbeforethatdateareconsideredtobeunderthepreviousrules,andcangoaheadaslongasworkstartsbefore15Junenextyear.Anaverageextensionwillprobablyseearound￡3,000additionalcostthankstothenewregsBuilderswhichhavecostedprojects,buthavenot?ledthepaperwork,mayneedtogobackandsubmitfreshestimates,saysMarcusJe?ordofBuildAviator,whichpricesprojects.Asthechangesareaimedtomakehomesmoreenergye?cient,theywilleventuallydrivedownheatingbills.Butintheshort-termhomeownersarelikelytofacehighercostsforwork.Materialspricesarealreadyup25%inthelasttwoyears,accordingto?guresfromtheConstructionProductsAssociation.Howmuchoverallpriceswillincreaseasaresultoftherulechangesisnotclear.“Whileadmirableintheirintentions,theywilladdtothecostofhousebuildingatatimewhenmanyalreadyfeelthattheyarepricedoutofhomeownership,”saysRolande.“Anaverageextensionwillprobablyseearound￡3,000additionalcostthankstothenewregs.”

JohnKelly,aconstructionlawyeratFreethslaw?rm,believespriceswilleventuallycomedown.Butnotintheimmediatefuture.“Asthemarketplaceadaptstothenewrequirements,andthetechnologiesthatsupportthem,thescalingupofthesetechnologieswilleventuallybringcostsdown,butintheshortterm,wewillallhavetopaythepriceofthenecessarytransition,”hesays.However,thelong-terme?ectsofthechangeswillbemorecomfortableandenergy-e?cienthomes,addsMellor.“Homeownerswillprobablyrecoupthatcostovertimeinenergybillsavings.Itwillobviouslybeveryvolatileatthemoment,buttheywillhavethatbene?tovertime.”【41】DThenewruleswilltakehomepricestoanevenhigherlevel.根據(jù)題干BrianBerry進(jìn)行定位，原文提到“Allthiscomesatanincreasedcostduringatimewhenpricesarealreadyskyhigh.”，即在價(jià)格已經(jīng)高得離譜的時(shí)候，所有這些都會(huì)增加成本。對(duì)于消費(fèi)者而言，新政策的發(fā)布會(huì)讓原本就很高的房價(jià)繼續(xù)攀高。D項(xiàng)為原文的同義改寫，故D項(xiàng)正確?！?2】FThenewruleswilla?ectpeoplewhosehomeextensionsincludenewwindowsordoors.根據(jù)題干GarethBelsham進(jìn)行定位，原文提到“peoplewhoareupgrading,orextendingtheirhome,willbedirectlya?ected”，即考慮升級(jí)或者擴(kuò)建房屋的人們會(huì)受到影響。F項(xiàng)為原文的同義改寫，故F項(xiàng)正確?！?3】BBuilderspossiblyneedtosubmitnewestimatesoftheirprojects.根據(jù)題干MarcusJe?ord定位定位，原文提到“Builderswhichhavecostedprojects,buthavenot?ledthepaperwork,mayneedtogobackandsubmitfreshestimates”，即已經(jīng)估算項(xiàng)目成本但尚未提交文件的建筑商可能需要回去提交新的估算。B項(xiàng)為原文的同義改寫，故B項(xiàng)正確?！?4】ATheriseofhomepricesisatemporarymatter.根據(jù)JohnKelly進(jìn)行定位，原文提到“JohnKelly,aconstructionlawyeratFreethslaw?rm,believespriceswilleventuallycomedown.Butnotintheimmediatefuture.”，即房價(jià)最終一定會(huì)下降，但并不是在短期之內(nèi)。所以，房價(jià)的下跌只是一個(gè)時(shí)間問題。A項(xiàng)為原文的同義改寫，故A項(xiàng)正確?！?5】GTherulechangeswillbene?thomeownerseventually.

根據(jù)AndrewMellor進(jìn)行定位，原文提到“”Homeownerswillprobablyrecoupthatcostovertimeinenergybillsavings.Itwillobviouslybeveryvolatileatthemoment,buttheywillhavethatbene?tovertime.”，即隨著時(shí)間的推移，房主很可能會(huì)通過節(jié)省能源賬單來收回這筆費(fèi)用。目前情況顯然會(huì)很不穩(wěn)定，但隨著時(shí)間的推移，他們會(huì)從中受益。G項(xiàng)為原文的同義改寫，故G項(xiàng)正確。SectionIIITranslation【46】Inthelate18thcentury,WilliamWordsworthbecamefamousforhispoemsaboutnature.AndhewasoneofthefoundersofamovementcalledRomanticism,whichcelebratedthewondersofthenaturalworld.Poetryispowerful.Itsenergyandrhythmcancaptureareader,transportthemtoanotherworldandmakethenseethingsdi?erently.Throughcarefullyselectedwordsandphrases,poemscanbedramatic,funny,beautiful,movingandinspiring.Nooneknowsforsurewhenpoetrybeganbutithasbeenaroundforthousandsofyears,evenbeforepeoplecouldwrite.Itwasawaytotellstoriesandpassdownhistory.Itiscloselyrelatedtosongandevenwhenwrittenitisusuallycreatedtobeperformedoutloud.Poemsreallycometolifewhentheyaverecited.Thiscanalsohelpwithunderstandingthemtoo,becausetherhythmandsoundsofthewordsbecomeclearer.第一段簡單介紹了一下威廉·華茲華斯以及引出話題詩歌。18世紀(jì)晚期，威廉·華茲華斯因其關(guān)于自然的詩歌而聞名。他是浪漫主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的創(chuàng)始人之一，該運(yùn)動(dòng)頌揚(yáng)自然世界的奇跡。第二段概說詩歌的作用。詩歌是有力量的。它的能量和節(jié)奏可以吸引讀者，將讀者帶到另一個(gè)世界，讓他們以不同的方式看待事物。通過精心挑選