新高考2021屆高考英語小題必練15閱讀理解之詞義猜測(cè)題

小題必練15小題必練15：閱讀理解之詞義猜測(cè)題1.正確理解文章中單詞或短語的含義是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基礎(chǔ)。2.英語單詞的含義并非完全等同于詞典中所標(biāo)注的漢語意思，其含義在不同的語境中會(huì)有所不同，能根據(jù)上下文正確理解靈活變化的詞義，才算是真正初步具備了一定的閱讀理解能力。3.閱讀文章時(shí)，常常會(huì)遇到一些過去未見過的詞，但許多這類生詞的詞義可以通過上下文推斷出來，這是閱讀理解中經(jīng)常檢測(cè)的一種能力。1.根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)【典例1】（2020·某某卷C篇節(jié)選）Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?ADevelopingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.【答案】D【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。劃線句是第二段首句，that用來指代上文提的事情，因此推斷that指代第一段的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea”(幾年后，仍然被這個(gè)國(guó)家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消失的文章)可知，that指代寫了一篇關(guān)于死海消失的文章這件事，故選D?！军c(diǎn)撥】文章中的代詞it,that,he,him或them可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指代一件事。有時(shí)代詞指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，要認(rèn)真查找；有時(shí)也需要對(duì)前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，才能得出代詞所指代的事物?！镜淅?】（2020·某某卷B篇節(jié)選）ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,Washington,generallydon'tflashthesamelengthofgreentwiceinarow,especiallyatrushhour.At9:30am,thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbe140seconds.By9:33am,aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstrafficat9:37amcouldpushitdownto135.Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.Thatisbydesign.Bellevue,afast-growingcityjusteastofSeattle,usesasystemthatisgainingpopularityaroundtheUS:intersection(十字路口)signalsthatcanadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.Theselights,knownasadaptivesignals,haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Increasedlengthofgreenlights. B.Shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.C.Flexibletimingoftrafficsignals. D.Smoothtrafficflowontheroad.【答案】C【解析】指代猜測(cè)題。That位于第二段句首，應(yīng)是指代第一段的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容尤其是第一段最后一句“Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.(就像交通本身一樣，信號(hào)燈的時(shí)間也會(huì)變化)”可知，第一段主要講述的是信號(hào)燈的時(shí)間會(huì)靈活變化；“Thatisbydesign.”意為“那是有意為之”，由此可推知，That指代第一段中“信號(hào)燈的靈活時(shí)間”。2.根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進(jìn)行猜測(cè)【典例】（2020·某某卷C篇節(jié)選）Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“______”.A.digestthemealeasily B.managewithoutbreakfastC.decidewiselywhattoeat D.eatwhateverisoffered【答案】B【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst可知，早餐前鍛煉可能比先吃飯?jiān)馘憻拰?duì)健康更有益，因此推斷這里說的是那些不吃早飯先鍛煉的人，因此推斷劃線詞與B項(xiàng)“不吃早飯能應(yīng)付”意思相近。故選B。【點(diǎn)撥】短文中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)需要猜測(cè)其意義的詞或短語，下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義或解釋。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，如逗號(hào)后的解釋(名詞同位語)、破折號(hào)后的解釋、括號(hào)內(nèi)的解釋等。這都是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。3.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)【典例1】（2020·全國(guó)1卷B篇節(jié)選）WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“currency”inparagraph4referto?A.Debt B.Reward. C.Allowance. D.Facevalue.【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段中“whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,(雖然金錢確實(shí)是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，根據(jù)上下文的語境可推知，“rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.”意為“但是再次閱讀作品是讀者能支付給他們的最高回報(bào)”，由此判斷出劃線詞的意思是“回報(bào)”。故選B項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but,however,while,otherwise等可以推斷上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，從而可以依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。另外，分號(hào)也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比或不相干的意義?！镜淅?】(2020·某某卷D篇節(jié)選)Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto?A.Bigeaters. B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters. D.Tallthinpersons.【答案】D【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前半句“Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）”可知，現(xiàn)有的研究認(rèn)為：你應(yīng)該避免和體重較重、點(diǎn)大份飯菜的人一起吃飯。后半句認(rèn)為，你真正應(yīng)該避免的是thebeanpoleswithbigappetites。由contraryto可推斷出，畫線詞和heavierpeople（超重的人）相反，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavierpeople正好相反。故選D。4.意義吻合定句意【典例1】（2019·全國(guó)2卷B篇節(jié)選）Iguessthatthere’sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I’lldoit.”Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?A.Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeeling.C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線前句shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.和下面的一句話ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren'tevenon...可知，作者為了勸服這位家長(zhǎng)，舉了兩個(gè)例子。故可知，劃線句此處應(yīng)是“煽情”之意。故選B?！军c(diǎn)撥】高考閱讀理解有時(shí)對(duì)某一個(gè)句子的外延含義進(jìn)行考查，因此要求考生準(zhǔn)確理解前后句表達(dá)的含義，巧解語句猜測(cè)題。【典例2】（2020·全國(guó)1卷D篇節(jié)選）AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(來源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.【答案】B【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文可推斷，作者成了母親以后，帶著孩子去圖書館，孩子挑選書籍來閱讀，或者作者讀給他們聽，因此可知圖書館在作者的生活中又增添了新的意義，閱讀的樂趣在家庭中代代相傳”。故選B。AThedifferentpartsofahealthcaresystemhavedifferentfocuses.Ahospital’sstroke（中風(fēng)）unitmonitorsbloodflowinthebrain.Thecardiacunitisinterestedinthatsameflow,butthroughandfromtheheart.Eachcollectionofequipmentanddataiseffectiveinitsownfield.Thus,likethestoryofblindmenfeelinganelephant,modernhealthcareoffersmanyseparatepicturesofapatient,butrarelyausefulunitedone.Ontopofallthis,theinstrumentsthatdoctorsusetomonitorhealthareoftenexpensive,asisthetrainingrequiredtousethem.Thatbinedcostistoohighforthemedicalsystemtoscanregularly,forearlysignsofillness,sopatientsareatriskofheartdiseaseorastroke.AnunusualresearchprojectcalledAlzEye,runbyMoorfieldsEyeHospitalinLondon,incooperationwithUniversityCollege,London(UCL),maychangethis.Itisattemptingtousetheeyeasawindowthroughwhichsignalsaboutthehealthofotherorganscouldbediscovered.Thedoctorsinchargeofit,SiegfriedWagnerandPearseKeane,arestudyingMoorfields’databaseofeyescans,whichoffersadetailedpictureofthehealthoftheretina(視網(wǎng)膜).Theprojectwillgoastepfurther：Withtheinformationaboutotheraspectsofpatients’healthcollectedfromotherhospitalsaroundEngland,doctorswillbeabletolookformoreaccuratesignsofdiseasethrougheyescans.TheMoorfieldsdatasethaslotsoflinkedcasestoworkwith--farmorethananysimilarproject.Forinstance,theUKBiobank,oneoftheworld’sleadingcollectionsofmedicaldataaboutindividualpeople,contains631casesofa“majorcardiacadverseevent”.TheMoorfieldsdatacontainabout12,000such.TheBiobankhasdataonabout1,500strokepatients.Moorfieldshas11,900.ForthediseaseonwhichtheMoorfieldsprojectwillfocustostartwithdementia,thedatasetholds15,100cases.Theonlyparablestudyhas86.WagnerandKeanearesearchingforpatternsintheeyethatshowtheemergenceofdiseaseelsewhereinthebody.Ifsuchpatternscouldberecognizedreliably,thepotentialimpactwouldbehuge.1.Whydoestheauthormention“thestoryofblindmenfeelinganelephant”inParagraph1?A.Toclaimtheineffectivenessofourhealthcaresystem.B.Totellthesimilarityinvarioushealthcareunits.C.Toexplainthelimitationofmodernhealthcare.D.Toshowtheplexityofpatients'pictures.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph3referto?A.Thechallengeofmakingadvancedmedicalinstruments.B.Thehighriskofgettingaheartdiseaseorastroke.C.Theinconvenienceofmodernhealthcareservice.D.Theinpleteandexpensivehealthmonitoring.3.HowdoesAlzEyework?A.Bythoroughlyexaminingone’sbodyorgans.B.Byidentifyingone’sstateofhealththrougheyescansC.Byhelpingdoctorsdiscoverone’sdiseasesoftheeyeD.Byparingtheeye-scandatafromdifferenthospitals.4.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheMoorfields'sprojectfromParagraph5?A.Ittakesadvantageofabundantlyavailablemedicaldata.B.Itmakesthecollectionofmedicaldatamoreconvenient.C.ItimprovestheMoorfields'petitivenessinthemedicalfield.D.ItstrengthensdatasharingbetweentheMoorfieldsandtheBiobank.【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一個(gè)試圖通過眼睛掃描信息來發(fā)現(xiàn)疾病早期跡象的研究項(xiàng)目。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“modernhealthcareoffersmanyseparatepicturesofapatient,butrarelyausefulunitedone.”(現(xiàn)代醫(yī)療保健提供了許多病人的單獨(dú)照片，但很少是有用的聯(lián)合照片)可知，盲人摸象的例子是為了解釋現(xiàn)代醫(yī)療檢查很少能全面地提供患者的整體情況，因此具有局限性。故選C。2.詞句猜測(cè)題。前兩段主要講了現(xiàn)代醫(yī)療檢查的片面性以及高昂的費(fèi)用，結(jié)合劃線句句意：由倫敦Moorfields眼科醫(yī)院與倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院(UCL)合作經(jīng)營(yíng)的一個(gè)名為Alzeye的不尋常的研究項(xiàng)目可能會(huì)改變這一點(diǎn)。因此推斷this指代上文提到的不完整的和昂貴的健康監(jiān)測(cè)。故選D。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，它試圖用眼睛作為窗口，通過它可以發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)于其他器官健康的信號(hào)。負(fù)責(zé)這項(xiàng)工作的醫(yī)生西格弗里德·瓦格納和皮爾斯·基恩正在研究莫爾菲爾德的眼睛掃描數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)提供了視網(wǎng)膜健康的詳細(xì)圖片，因此可知AlzEye的工作模式是通過眼部掃描來辨別一個(gè)人的健康狀況。故選B。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段列舉的數(shù)據(jù)信息可知，世界上領(lǐng)先的個(gè)人醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)收集之一，包含631例“主要心臟不良事件”。Moorfields的數(shù)據(jù)包含大約12000個(gè)這樣的數(shù)據(jù)。生物庫(kù)有大約1500名中風(fēng)患者的數(shù)據(jù)。Moorfields有11,900例，Moorfields項(xiàng)目的重點(diǎn)從癡呆開始的疾病，數(shù)據(jù)集包含15,100例。唯一可比的研究有86項(xiàng)。因此推斷Moorfields的項(xiàng)目較同類項(xiàng)目充分利用了更多現(xiàn)存的數(shù)據(jù)。故選A。BSmokinginyourownhomeinThailandmaynowbeconsideredacrime,ifthesmokeisconsideredharmfultootherpeopleinthehouse.Thenewlaw,FamilyProtectionandDevelopmentPromotionAct,wasinitiated(啟動(dòng))bytheMinistryofSocialDevelopmentandHumanSecurityandwasannouncedintheRoyalGazetteonMay22,2019.Thelawaimsatcurbingsmokingathomewhichmightbehazardousforothers'healthresidingunderthesameroof.Inthatcase,itwillbeconsideredas“domesticviolence".ThenewlawcameintoforceonAugust20.Accordingtothecenterforresearchandknowledgemanagementfortobaccocontrol,attheFacultyofMedicalScienceofMahidolUniversity,thereareabout4.9millionhouseholdswhereoneormorefamilymemberssmoke.Anaverageof10.3millionpeoplehaveunwittingly(不知不覺地)beepassivesmokersbecausethey’vebeenbreathinginsmokeathome.Scientificstudiesshowthatpassivesmokersareatgreaterriskofbeingaffectedbycancer.Of75childpatientsfromhouseswheresmokingispracticed,76%ofthemwerefoundtohavenicotinetracesintheirurine,with43%ofthemhavingnicotinecontentexceedingpermissiblelevels.Smokingathomealso“mayleadtophysicaloremotionalviolence”becauseofaggressivenesswhenthereisalackofsmoking,andmightaswellruinrelationshipsbetweensmokersandnon-smokerfamilymembers.Accordingtothenewlaw,anyonewhothinkstheyareaffectedbydomesticsmokingcanreporttoofficialsconcernedsothatinspectorswillbesenttoinvestigateandtakelegalactionagainstthesmokers.Onceconvicted,thecourtmayorderapersontoreceivetreatmenttoquitsmokinginanattempttoprotecttheperson'sfamily.InFebruaryin2019,Thailandhadbannedsmokingatsixofitsairportsalongwithabaninpublicplaces.5.WhatisthefactaboutthenewlawinThailand?A.Itmakesitclearthatsmokingathomeisacrime.B.I’salawonprotectingthehealthofnon-smokers.C.Itwasdraftedandadoptedbytheroyalfamily.D.Itclassifiessmokingasaformofdomesticviolence.6.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“curbing”inParagraph3?A.Treating. B.Changing.C.Improving. D.Controlling.7.WhatisNOTtheevilconsequenceofsmokingathome?A.Itmayincreasetheriskofcancerinpassivesmokers.B.Itwillprobablycausephysicaloremotionalviolence.C.Itwillmakethesmokersbeemoreaggressive.D.Itmayleadtodisharmonyinfamilyrelations.8.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthepassage?A.SmokingisillegalanywhereinThailand.B.Smokersarelesslikelytodevelopcancerthannon-smokers.C.PeoplewhosmokeathomeinThailandwillbesenttoprison.D.Thailandismittedtocreatingasmoke-freeenvironment.【答案】5.D6.D7.C8.D【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要描述了泰國(guó)新法旨在抑制在家中吸煙，并致力于創(chuàng)造一個(gè)無煙的環(huán)境。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“SmokinginyourownhomeinThailandmaynowbeconsideredacrime,ifthesmokeisconsideredharmfultootherpeopleinthehouse.”可知，如果家庭中其他人認(rèn)為吸煙是有害的，那么吸煙者的行為會(huì)被認(rèn)定為一種犯罪，故選D。6.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thelawaimsatcurbingsmokingathomewhichmightbehazardousforothers’healthresidingunderthesameroof.”可知，該法律旨在限制在家中吸煙，因?yàn)槲鼰熆赡軙?huì)危害同屋檐下的其他人的健康。所以curbing指的是控制，限制，故選D。7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段中“Smokingathomealso“mayleadtophysicaloremotionalviolence”becauseofaggressivenesswhenthereisalackofsmoking”可知，在家吸煙也“可能導(dǎo)致身體或情緒暴力”，因?yàn)樵诓晃鼰煹那闆r下，人們會(huì)表現(xiàn)出攻擊性。C.Itwillmakethesmokersbeemoreaggressive.意思為在家吸煙會(huì)使吸煙者變得更有攻擊性。與原文意思不符，故選C。8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“SmokinginyourownhomeinThailandmaynowbeconsideredacrime,ifthesmokeisconsideredharmfultootherpeopleinthehouse.”可知，如果家庭中其他人認(rèn)為吸煙是有害的，那么吸煙者的行為會(huì)被認(rèn)定為一種家庭暴力的犯罪；再根據(jù)最后一段“InFebruaryin2019,Thailandhadbannedsmokingatsixofitsairportsalongwithabaninpublicplaces.”2019年2月，泰國(guó)在6個(gè)機(jī)場(chǎng)禁止吸煙，并禁止在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙。綜上可以推斷出，泰國(guó)致力于創(chuàng)造無煙的環(huán)境。故選D。CAswegrowold,werealizethatwehavesolittletimetoreadandtherearesomanygreatbooksthatwe’veyettogetaroundto.Yetre-readersareeverywherearoundus.Forcertainfans,re-readingTheLordoftheRingsisaconventionalpracticeannually.OnefriendtoldmethatJaneAusten'sEmmacanstillsurprisehim,despitehishavingreaditover50times.Newsuddenclearunderstandingscanbegainedfromtheprocessofre-reading.JournalistRebeccaMead,along-timeEnglishwomaninNewYork,firstcameacrossGeorgeEliot’sMiddlemarchat17.Sincethen,shehasreaditagaineveryfiveyears.Witheachre-reading,ithasopenedupfurther;ineachchapterofherlife,ithasresonateddifferently.Meadevidencedthelargenumberofwaysinwhichreallygoodbooksnotonlystandthetestofrepeatreads,butalsoofferfreshgiftseachtimewecracktheirspines.Thesekindsofbooksgrowwithus.Scientistshavealsorecognizedthementalhealthbenefitsofre-reading.ResearchconductedwithreadersintheUSfoundthatonourfirstreading,weareconcernedwiththe“what”andthe“why”.Secondtimeround,we’reabletobetterappreciatetheemotionsthattheplotcontinuestoexpress.AsresearcherCristelRusselloftheAmericanUniversityexplainedreturningtoabook“bringsneworrenewedappreciationofboththegreatbookanditsreaders.”It’struethatweoftenfindformerselvesonthepagesofoldbooks(ifwe’refondofmakingnotesonthepages).Thesetextscancarryusbacktoatimeandplace,andremindusofthekindofpersonthatwewerethen.We'rechangednotonlybylivedexperiencebutalsobyreadexperience—bythebooksthatwe'vediscoveredsincelastreadingtheoneinourhand.Moresothanthemoviedirectororthemusician,thewritercallsuponourimaginations,usingwordstoleadustopicturethisdeclarationofloveorthatunfaithfulnessinlife.Abookisajointprojectbetweenwritersandreaders,andwemustpoursomuchofourselvesintoreadingthatourownlifestorycanbeeconnectedwiththestoryinthebook.Perhapswhat’sreallystrangeisthatwedon’tre-readmoreoften.Afterall,wewatchourfavoritefilmsagainandwewouldn’tthinkoflisteningtoanalbumonlyonce.Wetreasuremessyoldpaintingsasobjects,yetofallartforms,literaturealoneisalargelyone-timedelight.Abook,ofcourse,takesupmoretime,butasMeadconfirms,therewardsmakeitadequatelyworthwhile.9.ThetwobooksarementionedinParagraph1mainlyto__________.A.attracttheattentionofreaders B.introducethetopicofthepassageC.providesomebackgroundinformation D.showthesimilaritybetweenre-readers10.Theunderlinedexpression“cracktheirspines”inParagraph2refersto____________.A.recitethem B.re-readthem C.recallthem D.retellthem11.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraphs3and4that______________.A.readingbenefitspeoplebothmentallyandphysicallyB.readersmainlyfocusonfeelingsontheirfirstreadingC.weknowourselvesbetterthroughre-readingexperienceD.wewillchangewritersbyreadingthebooks12.Thewritingpurposeofthepassageisto______________.A.callondifferentunderstandingsofre-readingoldbooksB.argueagainstthementalhealthbenefitsofre-readingC.bringawarenesstothesignificanceofre-readingD.introducetheeffectivewaysofre-readingoldbooks【答案】9.B10.B11.C12.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。隨著我們漸漸變老，我們意識(shí)到我們讀書的時(shí)間很少，有很多好書，我們沒有去讀。但是在重新閱讀的過程中，我們可以獲得新的突然清晰的理解。科學(xué)家們還認(rèn)識(shí)到重讀會(huì)給心理健康帶來好處，重讀也會(huì)讓我們更了解自己。9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Forcertainfans,re-readingTheLordoftheRingsisaconventionalpracticeannually.OnefriendtoldmethatJaneAusten’sEmmacanstillsurprisehim,despitehishavingreaditover50times.”(對(duì)于某些粉絲來說，每年重讀《指環(huán)王》是一種慣例。一位朋友告訴我，簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀的《愛瑪》仍然能給他帶來驚喜，盡管他已經(jīng)讀了50多遍)以及第二段第一句Newsuddenclearunderstandingscanbegainedfromtheprocessofre-reading.可知，在重新閱讀的過程中，可通過重新閱讀，可以突然獲得新的清晰認(rèn)識(shí)。由此可推知，第一段提到這兩本書主要是為了引入這篇文章的主題：通過反復(fù)閱讀，可以突然獲得新的清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)。故選B。10.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“Sincethen,shehasreaditagaineveryfiveyears.Witheachre-reading,ithasopenedupfurther;ineachchapterofherlife,ithasresonateddifferently.”可知，從那時(shí)起，她每五年讀一遍。每重讀一遍，它會(huì)使她豁然開朗；在她生命的每個(gè)篇章中，都有不同的共鳴。由此可知，Mead證明了許多真正的好書不僅經(jīng)得起反復(fù)閱讀的考驗(yàn)，而且在每次我們重新閱讀它們時(shí)都能提供新鮮的禮物。故劃線短語指的是“重新閱讀它們”。故選B。11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“It’struethatweoftenfindformerselvesonthepagesofoldbooks(ifwe'refondofmakingnotesonthepages).Thesetextscancarryusbacktoatimeandplace,andremindusofthekindofpersonthatwewerethen.”可知，的確，我們經(jīng)常會(huì)在舊書中找到過去的自己（如果我們喜歡在書頁(yè)上做筆記的話）。這些文字可以帶我們回到過去的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，提醒我們那時(shí)的我們是什么樣的人。由此判斷出，通過重讀，我們更好地了解自己。故選C。12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Newsuddenclearunderstandingscanbegainedfromtheprocessofre-reading.”可知，在重新閱讀的過程中，以突然獲得新的清晰認(rèn)識(shí)。結(jié)合文章主要說明隨著我們漸漸變老，我們意識(shí)到我們讀書的時(shí)間很少，有很多好書，我們沒有去讀。但是在重新閱讀的過程中，我們可以獲得新的突然清晰的理解?？茖W(xué)家們還認(rèn)識(shí)到重讀會(huì)給心理健康帶來好處，重讀也會(huì)讓我們更了解自己。由此可推知，這篇文章的寫作目的是讓人們意識(shí)到重讀的重要性。故選C。DBeesseemtoflyaimlesslyastheysearchforthesugaryliquidcallednectar(花蜜).Buttheirflightplansactuallydohaveapattern.Flowersactastheinsects’air-trafficcontrollers.Andnewresearchshowsbeespreferflowersthataren’ttooflashy.Flowersgivebeescluesabouthowmuchaplantcanoffer.Thosecluescanbeinthecolorofpetals,inthetype,inthesmellorevenintheelectricalcharge.Allofthesecharacteristicssendsignalstothebees,tellingthemwhethertolandornot,amongwhichthecolorsplaythemostsignificantrole.Theinsectskeeptrackofthecoloroftheflowersthatareespeciallyrichinnectar.Theythenvisitmoreflowersofthatcolor.However,colorcan’tguaranteebeesagoodmeal.Itmaychangedependingontheangleatwhichsunlighthitsitspetals.Ayellowfollower,forexample,maylooksomewhatbluefromoneangleandredfromanother.BeverleyGloverstudiesplantsattheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland.Gloverandhercolleaguesshowedthatevenwhenthecolorofpetalslookssimilar,beesbehavedifferentlyinsearchingfornectar.Theystartedtoguessthatthestrengthofpetals’