Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld-高一英語單元速記巧練（原卷版）

Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorldUnit5話題語言學(xué)習(xí)詞匯billion，native，attitude，system，despite，factor，means，classic，regard，character，calligraphy，affair，struggle，subway，apartment，gap，vocabulary短語referto,upsanddowns,dateback(to...),nomatterwhere，who，what，etc.,pointofview,relateto句型1.Itwasatimewhen...這/那是一個(gè)……的時(shí)期2.“beof＋抽象名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)3.Nomatterhow/what/when...，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句4.“the＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí)”表示“越……，就越……”5.havesbdosth讓某人做某事語法限制性定語從句(2)寫作有關(guān)英語學(xué)習(xí)問題的博客考點(diǎn)1.nativeadj.出生地的；本地的；土著的n．本地人[教材原句]Listentoaspeechandtickthetwolanguageswiththemostnativespeakers.聽一個(gè)演講，在母語使用人數(shù)最多的兩種語言前打鉤?！就卣埂縝enativeto...原產(chǎn)于……anativeof...……本地人；原產(chǎn)于……的動(dòng)物或植物【寫作佳句】TheathletespeaksEnglishwell，forEnglishishisnativelanguage.那個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員英語說得很流利，因?yàn)橛⒄Z是他的母語。【經(jīng)典練】單句語法填空①TheresearchersaysthetigerisnativeIndia.②IsheruncleanativeShanghai,orjustavisitor?考點(diǎn)2.attituden．態(tài)度；看法[教材原句]Whatistheattitudeofthespeakertowardsforeignlanguagelearning?說話者對(duì)外語學(xué)習(xí)的態(tài)度是什么？【拓展】have/takea(n)．..attitudeto/towards...對(duì)……持/采取……的態(tài)度【寫作佳句】Weeachshoulddevelopapositiveattitudetolife.我們每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)積極的人生態(tài)度。【經(jīng)典練】單句語法填空①Itwasyourbadattitudeyourlifethatmadeyourparentsangry.考點(diǎn)3.referto指的是；描述；提到；查閱[教材原句]Pronouns(it,they,she,etc.)refertosomethingorsomebodymentionedearlier.代詞(it,they,she等)指的是前面提到的人或事。【拓展】(1)refer...to...把……提交給……；讓(人)參考……referto...as...把……稱作……(2)referencen.提及，涉及；參考，參考書目；指稱關(guān)系【寫作佳句】Hehadbeenwellpreparedforhisspeechsothathedidn’trefertohisnotebookwhiledeliveringhisspeech.他已經(jīng)為他的演講做了充分的準(zhǔn)備，所以他在演講時(shí)沒有看筆記本。【經(jīng)典練】語境辨義/單句語法填空①Sincetheboyhasbeenpunished，pleasedon’trefertothatmatteragain.②Ifyoudon’tknowtheexactmeaningoftheword,youmayrefertothedictionary.③WhenIsaidsomepeoplewerestupidIwasn’treferringtoyou.④Theyalwaysrefertotheshyteenagerabookworm.⑤Hereisabrochureforyour(refer)whenyouanswerthephones.[名師點(diǎn)津]“查字典”的常用短語小結(jié)：①lookup...inthedictionary②refertothedictionary考點(diǎn)4.basedadj.以(某事)為基礎(chǔ)的；以……為重要部分(或特征)的[教材原句]Atthebeginning，writtenChinesewasapicture－basedlanguage.漢字在最初是一種基于圖形的語言?！就卣埂?1)basevt.以……為據(jù)點(diǎn)；以……為基礎(chǔ)n.底部；根據(jù)base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基礎(chǔ)上bebasedon/upon...以……為基礎(chǔ)(2)basicadj.基礎(chǔ)的；基本的【寫作佳句】Oneshouldalwaysbasehisopiniononfacts.一個(gè)人應(yīng)該始終以事實(shí)為依據(jù)發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語法填空①Thefilmisverypopularbecauseitisbasedarealperson.②Theyhavetohavea(base)understandingofcomputersinordertousethetechnology.【教考銜接】1.Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)2.隊(duì)員們需要每天放學(xué)之后接受訓(xùn)練，并且定期被提供機(jī)會(huì)去觀摩乒乓球賽。(2019·全國Ⅲ，應(yīng)用文之邀請(qǐng)信)Teammembersneedtoreceivetrainingafterschooleverydayandarealsoofferedopportunitiestowatchtabletenniscompetitionsonaregularbasis.考點(diǎn)5.varietyn．(植物、語言等的)變體；異體；多樣化[教材原句]Overtheyears，thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms，asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically，leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.在隨后的年代里，這一體系發(fā)展成了不同的形式，這是由于當(dāng)時(shí)中國人居住地域的分隔，從而導(dǎo)致不同的方言和漢字變體的產(chǎn)生。【拓展】avarietyof/varietiesof各種各樣的variousadj.各種各樣的；不同的【寫作佳句】Asournewstadiumisequippedwithmodernfacilities,wecanorganizeavarietyofactivitiesinit.因?yàn)槲覀儗W(xué)校新體育館配備了現(xiàn)代化的設(shè)施，因此我們可以在體育館里舉辦各種各樣的活動(dòng)。【經(jīng)典練】單句語法填空①Thereare(variety)ofreasonsinfavorofmyopinionthataChinesedictionaryshouldn’tincludeEnglishwords.②Itisapitythatsomepeoplecan’tgobackhomeattheSpringFestivalfor(vary)reasons.[名師點(diǎn)津]avarietyof(varietiesof)既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞，該短語修飾可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；修飾不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)?？键c(diǎn)6.majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的vi.主修；專門研究n．主修課程；主修學(xué)生[教材原句]EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.秦始皇統(tǒng)一七個(gè)諸侯國后，在這個(gè)統(tǒng)一的國家里，漢字開始朝著一個(gè)方向發(fā)展?！就卣埂縨ajorin主修……majorityn.大部分；大多數(shù)themajorityof大多數(shù)……【寫作佳句】AsfarasIknow，MaryismajoringinFrenchatStanfordUniversity.據(jù)我所知，瑪麗正在斯坦福大學(xué)專攻法語?！窘?jīng)典練】語境辨義①Iguessedthattherewasprobablyamajormisunderstanding.②TheirvictoryinAmericawasstillrememberedasamajorturningpointinthehistoryofrockandroll.③ThevolunteerwasanativeofBeijingandmajoredinhistoryatcollege.④HermajorisFrenchwhilemineisengineering.【教考銜接】1.However，themajority(major)ofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)2.有些人中途放棄了，但是大部分參賽者都成功跑到了終點(diǎn)。(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ，寫作)Somepeoplegaveuphalfway，butthemajorityoftheparticipantsmadeittothefinishingline.考點(diǎn)7.meansn．方法；方式；途徑[教材原句]WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansbywhichChina’spresentisconnectedwithitspast.漢字也成為連接中國現(xiàn)在與過去的一個(gè)重要媒介。【拓展】bythismeans通過這種方法bymeansof借助……手段；依靠……方法bynomeans絕不；無論如何也不；一點(diǎn)都不(置于句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝)【寫作佳句】BynomeanswillIgiveintothechallenge.我絕不向挑戰(zhàn)低頭。【經(jīng)典練】單句語法填空①Onlythismeansisitpossibletopersuadehimoutofsmoking.②Everymeans(have)beenusedtocalmthewomandown.[名師點(diǎn)津]means用作“方式；方法”時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)同形。考點(diǎn)8.regardn．尊重；關(guān)注；問候；致意vt.把……視為；看待[教材原句]ThehighregardfortheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseeninthedevelopmentofChinesecharactersasanartform，knownasChinesecalligraphy，whichhasbecomeanimportantpartofChineseculture.中國人對(duì)其書寫體系推崇備至，這體現(xiàn)在漢字發(fā)展為一種藝術(shù)形式——書法。書法已經(jīng)成為中國文化的一個(gè)重要組成部分。【拓展】eq\x(regard...as...把……看作……)【寫作佳句】Iknowyoushowgreatinterestinping－pong,whichisregardedastheNationalBallofChina.我知道你對(duì)乒乓球很感興趣，它被認(rèn)為是中國的國球?！窘?jīng)典練】語境辨義①M(fèi)ikehadhighregardforhisoldlawprofessor.②Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.③Lincolnisregardedasoneofthemostinspiringpeopleintheworld.④Theteenagerhasnoregardforotherpeople’sfeelings.考點(diǎn)9.appreciatevt.欣賞；重視；感激；領(lǐng)會(huì)vi.增值[教材原句]AsChinaplaysagreaterroleinglobalaffairs，anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciateChina’scultureandhistorythroughthisamazinglanguage.隨著中國在全球事務(wù)中扮演著更為重要的角色，越來越多的國際學(xué)生開始通過漢語這一奇妙的語言了解和欣賞中國的文化和歷史?！就卣埂?1)appreciatedoingsth喜歡/感激做某事Iwouldappreciateitif...如果……我將不勝感激(2)appreciationn.欣賞；感激【寫作佳句】ChinesecalligraphyhasbeenappreciatedbyalotofpeopleoutsideChina.中國書法已經(jīng)被許多國外人士欣賞?！窘?jīng)典練】語境辨義/單句語法填空①M(fèi)anypeoplecan’tfullyappreciatetheimportanceofregularexercise.②Iappreciatebeinggiventheopportunitytoworkinyourcompanytwoyearsago.③Histalentsaren’tappreciatedbyhisboss，whichmadehimannoyed.④Theirinvestmentshaveappreciatedovertheyears.考點(diǎn)10.datebackto(＝datefrom)始于……；追溯到……(后接時(shí)間點(diǎn))[教材原句]Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseoflonggu...它可以追溯到數(shù)千年前使用龍骨的時(shí)期……【拓展】eq\x(dateback追溯；上溯（后接時(shí)間段）)【寫作佳句】AsfarasIknow,theoldtowndatesfrom/backtotheearlyTangDynasty.據(jù)我所知，這個(gè)古老的城鎮(zhèn)可追溯到初唐時(shí)期?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語法填空①Ontopofthemountainstandsanancienttemple(date)backtotheTangDynasty.②TheskillsofcookinginChinacandatethousandsofyears.[名師點(diǎn)津]datebackto和datefrom一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。在句中作定語時(shí)，常用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。考點(diǎn)11.strugglen．&vi.斗爭；奮斗；搏斗[教材原句]WhenIstartedstudyingGerman，itwasastruggle.當(dāng)我開始學(xué)德語時(shí)，真是一件令人棘手的事情。【拓展】strugglefor為爭取……而斗爭；為……而努力strugglewith與……斗爭；與……并肩作戰(zhàn)struggleagainst與……斗爭；為反對(duì)……而斗爭struggletodosth努力做某事【寫作佳句】Withoutanystruggle,thereisnoprogress.沒有奮斗就沒有進(jìn)步?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語法填空①Theysufferedaheavydroughtthisyear.Theyhadtostrugglealiving.②Manyteenagerswillstruggle(find)asenseofbelonging.考點(diǎn)12.equaln．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同樣的[教材原句]IfI’mtalkingtoaclosefriend，Icanuseshortrequests，like“Openthewindow”—ourrelationshipiscloseandwe’reequals，soIonlyneedafewwordstobridgethegapbetweenus.如果我是跟一位親密的朋友說話，我可以用簡短的請(qǐng)求，如“打開窗戶”，這是因?yàn)槲覀冴P(guān)系親密，彼此平等，所以我只需要說幾個(gè)字就能讓對(duì)方明白我的意思?！就卣埂?1)beequalto...in...在……方面與……相等beequaltosth/doingsth等于……；與……相等；勝任做某事(2)bewithoutequal/havenoequal無與倫比(3)equallyadv.相等地；同樣地【寫作佳句】Littlejoycanequalthatofasurprisingendingwhenyoureadstories.當(dāng)你讀故事的時(shí)候，有一個(gè)令人意外的結(jié)尾是再高興不過的事了?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語法填空①Idon’tthinkheisequalto(do)thiskindofwork.②AsfarasI’mconcerned,menandwomenmustbetreated(equal)ineducation.考點(diǎn)13.demandn．需求；要求vt.強(qiáng)烈要求；需要vi.查問[教材原句]ButifI’mtalkingtosomeonewhoisn’tveryclosetome，Imustmakemyrequestlonger—andImustmakeitaquestion，notademand...但是，如果我是跟不太親近的人說話，那么我就得把我的請(qǐng)求說得長一些——我得把它變成一個(gè)疑問句，而不是一個(gè)要求……【拓展】(1)bein(great)demand(迫切)需求(2)demandtodosth要求做某事demandofsbtodosth要求某人做某事demandthat...要求……(從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略)【寫作佳句】Thevolunteerswilltrytheirbesttomeetthedemandsoftheaudience.志愿者們會(huì)盡全力滿足觀眾的要求。【經(jīng)典練】單句語法填空①First,sciencegraduatesaregreaterdemandthanartonesinChina.②Myfathercamedownanddemanded(know)whatwasgoingon.【教考銜接】Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激)，demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.(2020·浙江卷)考點(diǎn)14.descriptionn．描寫(文字)；形容[教材原句]Doesthewritergiveacleardescriptionoftheproblem?作者是否清楚地描述了這個(gè)問題？【拓展】(1)beyonddescription無法形容，難以描述giveadescriptionof...描寫/描述……(2)describevt.描述；形容；描繪【寫作佳句】Hegaveusashortdescriptionofthecity.他給我們簡短地介紹了這個(gè)城市。【經(jīng)典練】單句語法填空①Itisdifficult(describe)howIfeelnow.②ThebeautifulsightofMountHuang．黃山的美景是無法形容的。考點(diǎn)15.relatevt.聯(lián)系；講述[教材原句]Doeseachsentencerelatetothemainidea？每個(gè)句子都與主旨有關(guān)嗎？【拓展】(1)relateto與……相關(guān)；涉及；談到(2)relatedadj.有關(guān)的berelatedto與……有關(guān)(3)relationn.關(guān)系；聯(lián)系【寫作佳句】Thepositioncallsforrelatedexperienceinthefieldandgoodskillsatusingcomputers.這個(gè)崗位需要該領(lǐng)域相關(guān)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和熟練使用電腦?！窘?jīng)典練】語境辨義/單句語法填空①Weshalldiscusstheproblemasitrelatestoourspecificcase.②ThesecondparagraphrelatestothesituationinScotland.③Whathestressedwas(relate)toteenagers’education.考點(diǎn)16.Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.在隨后的年代里，這一體系發(fā)展成了不同的形式，這是由于當(dāng)時(shí)中國人居住地域的分隔，從而導(dǎo)致不同的方言和漢字變體的產(chǎn)生。【拓展】[句型公式]Itwasatimewhen...這/那是一個(gè)……的時(shí)期Therewasatimewhen...曾有一段時(shí)間……【經(jīng)典練】①Chinaexperiencedverybigtransformations.那是一個(gè)中國經(jīng)歷了很大變化的時(shí)代。②Ididn’tgetalongwellwithmyclassmates.有一段時(shí)間我和同學(xué)們相處得不好。③Ihatedtogotoschool.有一段時(shí)間我討厭上學(xué)?？键c(diǎn)17.ThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.這個(gè)書寫體系對(duì)于中國人民與中國文化的統(tǒng)一具有非凡的意義?！就卣埂縖句型公式]“beof＋抽象名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)beofgreateq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(value,importance,use,help))＝beveryeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(valuable,important,useful,helpful))【經(jīng)典練】①TheNobelPrizetoChinesemedicine.這項(xiàng)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)對(duì)中國的醫(yī)學(xué)很重要。②Hisopinionisconsideredtobeofgreatvalue.他的意見被認(rèn)為很有價(jià)值。③這本詞典對(duì)中學(xué)生很有用?！鶷hisdictionarymiddleschoolstudents.→Thisdictionarymiddleschoolstudents.考點(diǎn)18.Eventoday,nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.即使在今天，不論住在哪里，也不論說何種方言，中國人仍然能通過書寫(漢字)進(jìn)行交流。【拓展】[句型公式]Nomatterhow/what/when...，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。在讓步狀語從句中，Nomatterhow/what/when/who/whom/where...可以轉(zhuǎn)換成however/whatever/whenever/whoever/whomever/wherever...【經(jīng)典練】①Iam,IwillalwaysrememberIamaChinese.不管我身在何方，我都會(huì)記住自己是一個(gè)中國人。②Nomatterdifficultitis，I’mgoingtofinishtheworkaheadoftime.無論有多難，我打算提前完成工作。③Nomatteryouare,youmustobeythelaw.不論你是誰，你都要遵紀(jì)守法。④你無論遇到什么困難，都必須繼續(xù)做下去。→Youhavetogoon．→Youhavetogoon.考點(diǎn)19.ThemoreIlearntofalanguage，themoremybrainwouldgrow.我對(duì)一門語言學(xué)得越多，我的智力就增長得越快。【拓展】[句型公式]“the＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí)”表示“越……，就越……”(1)“the＋比較級(jí)(...),the＋比較級(jí)(...)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，第一個(gè)“the＋比較級(jí)”是表示條件的狀語從句，在表示將來意義的情況下，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。(2)比較級(jí)＋比較級(jí)，意為“越來越……”【經(jīng)典練】①heexplained,confusedIbecame.他越解釋我就越迷惑。②Themorecarefulyouare，the(few)mistakesyouwillmake.你越仔細(xì)，就越少犯錯(cuò)誤。③Thegirlisbecominghard－working.這個(gè)女孩越來越努力了。④，youwillmake.你越努力工作，取得的進(jìn)步就越大。考點(diǎn)20.Don’tyouliketohavesomebodytellyouifthepantslookgoodornot？你不喜歡讓別人告訴你這些短褲是否好看嗎？【拓展】[句型公式]havesbdosth意為：讓某人做某事havesb/sthdoingsth使某人/某物一直做某事won’t/can’thavesbdoingsth不能容忍某人做某事；不允許某人做某事havesthdone請(qǐng)別人做某事；使某事被做havesthtodo有事情要做【經(jīng)典練】①Wewillmoreflowersandtrees.我們要讓園丁種更多的花和樹。②Hehadme(wait)forhimfortwohours，whichmademeannoyed.他讓我等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)，讓我很是氣惱。③Iwon’thaveyou(speak)toyourfatherlikethatinfuture.今后我不許你再像那樣跟你父親講話。④Jackneedstohavehisapartment(repair)．杰克需要找人把他的公寓修理一下。一．語法精講——限制性定語從句(2)思維導(dǎo)圖1．Itwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically.2．EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.3．Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible,butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.4．ThesewereanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.5．Itwasin1952andMandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.一、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，要用關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系副詞的指代及功能如下：關(guān)系副詞先行詞功能when表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)間狀語where表示地點(diǎn)的名詞地點(diǎn)狀語whyreason原因狀語1.when引導(dǎo)的定語從句when表示時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞in/at/on/during...＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)。IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstsawyou.＝IwillneverforgetthedayonwhichIfirstsawyou.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記第一次見到你的日子。2．where引導(dǎo)的定語從句where表示地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞in/at/on...＋which”。AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltowninwhichhegrewupasachild.在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了兒時(shí)成長的那個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。I’dliketoliveinthehousewherethereisplentyofsunshine.我喜歡住在那個(gè)陽光充足的房子里。[名師點(diǎn)津]當(dāng)先行詞為situation,case,stage,point,activity,atmosphere等抽象名詞，且引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中表示事情發(fā)生的情況、階段等時(shí)，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步。3．why引導(dǎo)的定語從句why表示原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞for＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)。Unsuccessfulpeoplecanalwaysfindreasonswhythey’renotdoingwell.＝Unsuccessfulpeoplecanalwaysfindreasonsforwhichthey’renotdoingwell.不成功的人總能找到自己表現(xiàn)不好的理由?！窘?jīng)典練】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系副詞填空①Thisistheplaceweheldapartylastweek.②Wewillneverforgetthedaywemetforthefirsttime.③Idon’tknowthereasonhedidn’tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday.[名師點(diǎn)津]表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及原因的名詞作先行詞時(shí)，定語從句可用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，也可用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。若先行詞在定語從句中作狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞；若先行詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語，則應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞。Thesearethereasonswhywedoit.這些就是我們這樣做的理由。Idon’tbelievethereason(that/which)hegavemeforhisbeinglate.我不相信他給出的遲到的理由。(定語從句中缺少賓語，所以用which/that或省略，不用why)【經(jīng)典練】選詞填空：that,which,when,where,why①Istillrememberthedayswechattedwitheachotherallnight.②Istillrememberthedayswespenttogetheronthefarm.③Idon’tknowthereasonhedroppedoutofcollege.④Iwon’tlistentothereasonyouhavegivenus.⑤LastSunday,wewenttoacentremanyelderlypeoplelived.二、“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí)，我們通常用“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句。如果指“人”，用“介詞＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介詞＋which”；關(guān)系代詞有時(shí)也用whose(作定語)。選用介詞的依據(jù)：1．根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的搭配習(xí)慣(即固定短語)。YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLakeforwhichHangzhouisfamous.(befamousfor“因……而出名”)昨天我們參觀了西湖，杭州因其而出名。2．根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣(約定俗成，不一定是短語)。Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.(withcamera“用照相機(jī)”)這就是他經(jīng)常用來拍照的相機(jī)。3．根據(jù)句子的意思來選擇。Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.這種無色的、離開它我們就無法生存的氣體被稱為氧氣。[名師點(diǎn)津]在定語從句中，有一些含介詞的動(dòng)詞短語不可拆開使用，如lookafter,lookfor等不能把介詞移至which或whom之前。Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)Thebabiesafterwhomthenursesarelookingareveryhealthy.(誤)護(hù)士們正在照顧的這些嬰兒都非常健康?！窘?jīng)典練】同義句轉(zhuǎn)換①I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheParty.→I’llneverforgetthedayIjoinedtheParty.②Thereasonforwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.→Thereasonherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.③ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.→ThehouseIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.二．寫作精講——有關(guān)英語學(xué)習(xí)問題的博客一、黃金寫作模板二、寫作格式1．正式的博客：文章包括標(biāo)題、日期、分類和正文。2．非正式的博客：沒有標(biāo)題、日期和分類，只有正文。三、寫作語言特點(diǎn)1．時(shí)態(tài)多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。2．語言要誠懇，提供的建議要有實(shí)用性。3．語言具有互動(dòng)性。一、常用詞匯1．givesbsomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish就如何學(xué)習(xí)英語給某人一些建議2．a(chǎn)nofficiallanguage官方語言3．makemistakes犯錯(cuò)誤4．takepartinanEnglishCorner參加英語角5．communicatewithsbinEnglish用英語與某人交流6．writtenEnglish書面英語7．spoken/oralEnglish口語英語8．keepadiaryinEnglish用英語寫日記9．havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth在做某事方面有困難10．listeningskills聽力技巧二、常用句式1．I’mgladtoreadyourblogaskingformyadviceonhowtoimproveEnglishlisteningskills.我很高興讀了你向我征求關(guān)于如何提高英語聽力技巧的建議的博客。2．Firstofall，Ithinkweshouldmemorizeasmanywordsaspossible，especiallytheirpronunciation.首先，我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該記住盡可能多的單詞，尤其是它們的發(fā)音。3.What’smore，wecanalsodosomelisteningexercises.更重要的是，我們還可以做一些聽力練習(xí)。4．WearesupposedtolearnEnglishwellbecausehavingagoodcommandofEnglishmeansmoreopportunitiesinthefuture.我們理應(yīng)學(xué)好英語，因?yàn)榫ㄓ⒄Z意味著在將來有更多的機(jī)會(huì)。5．Don’tworryifyouhaveanytrouble(in)studyingChinese，andjusttakeyourtime.學(xué)漢語有困難時(shí)不要著急，慢慢來。6．Keepingadiaryisaneffectivewaytoimprovewriting.記日記是提高寫作水平的一個(gè)有效方法。假設(shè)你是李華，你在網(wǎng)上看到李明發(fā)的帖子，他說他的英語口語不好，希望得到大家的幫助，你給他回帖。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)提示：1．給李明提建議；2．你練習(xí)英語口語的成功方法；3．你在英語學(xué)習(xí)中遇到的困難并請(qǐng)求幫助。第一步：審題謀篇體裁應(yīng)用文人稱第一、二人稱為主時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主框架首段：針對(duì)李明的問題提出建議中段：自己的問題尾段：求助第二步：要點(diǎn)翻譯1．我過去常常遇到這樣的問題。(usedtodo)I.2．現(xiàn)在我英語說得很好。.3．當(dāng)我回放它時(shí)，我比較那些演講者的發(fā)言和我的發(fā)音。(play...back,compare...with...).4．我盡可能經(jīng)常地在公共場(chǎng)合練習(xí)說英語。.5．這幫助我獲得自信和流利的英語。(gain).6．我知道大多數(shù)單詞的意思。.7．我不能理解整個(gè)句子。.第三步：詞句升級(jí)1．用but連接要點(diǎn)1和要點(diǎn)2.2．用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語改寫要點(diǎn)3.3．以要點(diǎn)4為主句，把要點(diǎn)5改為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句.4．把要點(diǎn)6改為though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句；要點(diǎn)7為主句.第四步：連句成篇billionn．十億【聯(lián)想】hundred百；thousand千；million百萬nativeadj.出生地的；本地的；土著的n.本地人【搭配】benativeto...原產(chǎn)于……attituden．態(tài)度；看法【搭配】attitudetowards/to對(duì)……的態(tài)度referencen．指稱關(guān)