專題20介詞八類20個高頻考點（清單）-高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識清單（全國通用）原卷版

【口袋書】專題20介詞八類20個考點（清單）原卷版目錄英語介詞分類思維導(dǎo)圖P1考點清單一、表示時間的介詞的用法P2考點清單二、表示方位的介詞的用法P3考點清單三、表示工具、手段、方式的介詞的用法P4考點清單四、表示"原因或理由"的介詞的用法P5考點清單五、表示“除了……”的介詞的用法P5考點清單六、兩組高頻易混介詞比較P6考點清單七、高頻介詞用法思維導(dǎo)圖P6考點清單八、八個高頻介詞用法歸納P8分類訓(xùn)練（一）單句填空（高考真題）P13分類訓(xùn)練（二）單句填空（模擬試題）P15分類訓(xùn)練（三）語法填空（外刊原創(chuàng)）P16中國沿海地區(qū)全力預(yù)防臺風(fēng)“杜蘇芮”P16英語介詞分類思維導(dǎo)圖考點清單一、表示時間的介詞的用法要點精講1：表示時間的介詞at,on,in①at表示在某一時刻或時間點。如：at8a.m.。常用詞組有：atdawn,atdusk,atnoon,atnight,atmidnight,attheendof,atthattime,atthemoment,atChristmas,atNewYear等。②on指具體的或特定的日子。如：onMonday,onChristmasEve,onMayDay,onawarmmorning,onSeptember12th,onthatday等。③in表示在某段時間內(nèi)，如:年、月、日、周、季節(jié)、上午、下午等。如：inthemorning/afternoon/evening,inOctober,in2008,inthe21stcentury,insummer,inthepast,inthefuture,infivedays等。【即時訓(xùn)練】單句填空1.（2022重慶）ItbeganonJanuary19andfinished___________theearlymorningofJanuary20.2.Thetrainleaves____6:00pm,soIhavetobeatthestation_______5:30pm.3.Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandtheneventhoughhe’s_______hisnineties.4.______November2017,Marshallsawapersonlyinginthestreetafterbeinghitbyacar.

要點精講2：表示時間的for,since與from①for后接時間段的名詞詞組，表示行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久。如：Mr.Brownlivedinthatlittlevillagefornearlythirtyyears.布朗先生在那個小山村住了差不多30年。②since后接過去某一時間點，表示“自從……以來”，常與現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時連用。如：Wehaven’tseeneachothersince2005.自從2005年以來，我們彼此沒見過面。③from“自……起”，可與多種時態(tài)連用。如：【即時訓(xùn)練】單句填空5.—Excuseme,whichmovieareyouwaitingfor？—ThenewStarWars.Wehavebeenwaitinghere______morethantwohours.6._______mid-Marchtomid-Aprileveryyear,itisthebesttimetoenjoythebeautifulcherryblossoms.

7.Chineseteaculturehaswitnessedalonghistory_________theTangDynasty.要點精講3：表示時間的in與after①in+時間段，一般用于將來時。如：Wewillbebackinthreedays.我們將在3天后回來。②after+時間段，一般用于過去時。如：Aftertwomonths,hereturned.兩個月后，他回來了。注意：after+時間點，可用于過去時和將來時。如：Afterseven,therainbegantofall.七點后開始下雨。Wewillleaveafterlunch.我們將在午飯后動身?！炯磿r訓(xùn)練】單句填空8.Myfatherwillbeback________threedays.9.Myfatherwillbeback________threeo'clock.10.Myfathercameback________threedays/threedayslater.要點精講4：表示時間的before,by,till/until,beyond①before的用法：before“早于；在……之前”。如：Thenewroadwillbecompletedbeforetheendoftheyear.這條新道路將在年底以前建成。②by的用法：表示“不遲于……，在(某時)前”；表示“在……期間，在……時間內(nèi)”。如：Allofyouaretoarriveatschoolbyseveno'clock.你們所有人必須在7點鐘前到校。Heworkedbynightandsleptbyday.他晚上工作，白天睡覺。③until和till的用法：until是比較正式的用法。在肯定句中和延續(xù)性動詞連用，表示動作一直持續(xù)到until后面的時間為止；在否定句中和非延續(xù)性動詞連用，表示該動作直到until后面的時間才開始。till意義與until相同。如：Heworksfrommorningtillnight,dayafterday.他日復(fù)一日從早工作到晚。④表示“（時間）過了，比……晚，遲于”。如：Itwon'tgoonbeyondmidnight.

這事不會延續(xù)到午夜以后?！炯磿r訓(xùn)練】單句填空11.（2021年全國乙卷）Ecotourismhasitsoriginwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept_________thelate1980s.12.__________thistimenextyearyouwillhavebeenincollegeforayear.13.Sorry,Madam.You’dbettercometomorrowbecauseit’s________thevisitinghours.考點清單二、表示方位的介詞的用法要點精講1：表示方位的介詞in,on,to,off四個詞都可表示兩地之間的方位關(guān)系。in表示在某范圍之內(nèi)；to表示在某范圍之外；on表示“毗鄰”“接壤”；off則強調(diào)兩地間隔著一小段距離。如：BeijingisinthenorthofChina.北京位于華北。NorthKorealiesontheeastofChina.朝鮮與中國的東部接壤。JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本在中國的東方。Theboatwasanchoredoffthenortherncoastofthepeninsula.那只船停泊在了離半島北海岸不遠(yuǎn)處。【即時訓(xùn)練】單句填空14.ShandongProvinceis/lies________theeastofChina.15.ShandongProvinceis/lies________thenortheastofHubeiProvince.16.Mongoliais/lies________thenorthofChina.17.Lilylivesinaflatjust________ParkAvenue.要點精講2：表示“穿過……”的through,across與overthrough指從內(nèi)部穿過；across則指表面上的橫穿；over指從上方過去、跨越。如：Theelephantcan’tgothroughthegate.大象不能從門里穿過。Ihelptheblindmanacrosstheroad.我?guī)椭俏幻と诉^馬路。Heclimbedoverthewall.他從墻上爬了過去。【即時訓(xùn)練】單句填空18.Xiong,avisuallydisabledyoungwomanwhostartedlearningthepianoattheageof6,saidheridolwasBeethoven,whowentcompletelydeaflaterandtheirphysicalchallengesledbothofthemtoestablishaconnectionwiththeoutsideworld______music.19.ThenewrailwaywindsitswaytoJieyang,overmountains,__________tunnelsand_______rivers.

要點精講3：表示“在……之間”的between和among①between一般表示兩者之間；有時雖然是三個以上的人或事物，但如果強調(diào)兩兩相互間的關(guān)系，仍用between。如：Youaretositbetweenyourfatherandme.你就坐在我和你父親之間吧。②among多表示“在……之間(指三者或三者以上,或籠統(tǒng)的一群人或一些物之間)”。Ifoundtheletteramonghispapers.我在他的文件中找到了這封信。Thegirlquicklydisappearedamongthecrowd.那個女孩很快就消失在人群之中。Agreementsweremadebetweenthedifferentcountries.不同國家之間達(dá)成了協(xié)議。【即時訓(xùn)練】單句填空20.(2017天津)WhenyoudrivethroughtheRedwoodForestsinCalifornia,youwillbe_______treesthatareover1,000yearsold.21.（2021年浙江）Thestudyfoundthat_______1985and2017,averageruralBMIincreasedby2.1inwomenandmen.22.(四川2007)Somestudentsoftenlistentomusic________classestorefreshthemselves.要點精講4：表示上下的介詞above,below,over,under,on,beneathabove在某物的斜上方；below在某物的斜下方；over在某物的正上方；under在某物的正下方；on在某物的上面(兩者接觸)；beneath在某物的下面(兩者接觸)Wewereflyingabovetheclouds.

我們在云層上面飛行。Pleasedonotwritebelowthisline.

請不要寫到這條線下面。Sheputablanketoverthesleepingchild.

她給熟睡的孩子蓋上毯子。

Thedogsqueezedunderthegateandranintotheroad.

Theyfoundthebodyburiedbeneathapileofleaves.

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)尸體被埋在一堆樹葉下面?！炯磿r訓(xùn)練】單句填空23.WordcamethattheBeijing-Zhangjiakouhigh-speedrailway,locatedinNorthChina,isnow________construction,andisexpectedtobecompletedby2020inpreparationforthecitiestohostthe2022WinterOlympicGames.24.Agreatpersonisalwaysputtingothers’interests________hisown.25.Andinhertwenties,it’sthe19th.Theyusuallyhavetheir“real”birthdaywhentheyare______20.考點清單三、表示工具、手段、方式的介詞的用法要點精講：①by涉及交通工具的單數(shù)名詞且該名詞前不加冠詞和任何修飾語。by還可以表示"靠……手段,用……方法,憑借……",后可接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing。bysea,bywater,byland,byair,bybike,bytaxi,byplane,byship/boat,bytrain,byspaceshipWecanrealizeourdreambyworkinghard.通過努力我們可以實現(xiàn)夢想。Youcanmakethecakebymixingeggsandflour.把雞蛋與面粉混合，你就可以做出那種蛋糕。②with表示"用,使用(某種工具、物品或材料等)"。所接名詞前應(yīng)加冠詞或形容詞性物主代詞。Hesharpenedhispencilwithaknife.他用小刀削鉛筆。Weseewithoureyes,hearwithourears,andwalkwithourlegs.我們用眼睛看，用耳朵聽，用腿走路。③in表示用材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、語言、聲音等。如：ThebookwaswritteninChinese.這本書是用中文寫的。Hespokeinaloudvoice.

他大聲說話。Pleasewriteinink，notinpencil.請用墨水寫，不要用鉛筆寫。④on表示"通過,使用,借助于”媒體工具。如ShelearnsEnglishontheradio/onTV.她通過收音機/電視學(xué)英語?！炯磿r訓(xùn)練】單句填空26.Iusuallygotoschool______mydad’scar,whilemybrothergoestoschool_____foot.27.(2016全國Ⅲ)InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat________theirhands.28.Acoupletwritermayshowhisfeelings________meansofdescribingthesceneryorexpressinghiswishesinhisworks.考點清單四、表示"原因或理由"的介詞的用法要點精講：介詞用法例句for常與表示聞名、獎罰等意義的形容詞或動詞連用,如famous,known,praise,punish等Xi'anisfamousforitslonghistory.西安因歷史悠久而著名。at常與表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞(如happy,pleased,angry,delighted等)連用,表示產(chǎn)生這種情感的原因Hewassurprisedatthenews.聽到這個消息他很驚訝。with常與表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的抽象名詞連用,強調(diào)隨著心理變化而產(chǎn)生的情感變化Heshoutedloudlywithanger.他氣得大喊大叫。from常接抽象名詞,表示自然或間接原因Shefeltsickfromtiredness.她累得渾身不對勁。of多用于表示自身的原因;也常用于某些與情感相關(guān)的形容詞后Herfrienddiedofcancer.她的朋友死于癌癥。Hisfatherisproudofhim.他父親為他感到驕傲。【即時訓(xùn)練】單句填空29.Youdon’tneedtoapologize__________aminorslip.30.Gigglingkidsracedcheerfullyalongthelakesidebeach,___________theirparentsenjoyingtheshadypicnicareasunderthetreesalongtheshore.考點清單五、表示“除了……”的介詞的用法要點精講：①besides指“除了……還有”，與inadditionto/apartfrom/asidefrom同義。作連接副詞時，意為“此外”。如：TwoforeignteacherswerepresentatthemeetingbesidesSmith.除了史密斯之外，還有兩名外籍教師出席了會議。②but作介詞時，意為“除了(……之外)”，常用在no,all,nobody,anywhere,everything,no等詞和其他疑問詞后面。如：Whobutafoolwoulddosuchathing?除了傻瓜誰會做這樣的事？③except與exceptfor都意為“除……外”，兩者一般都不能位于句首。但except后接的詞同整體詞（主語）一般是同類，指在同類的整體中除去一個部分。exceptfor后接的詞同整體詞（主語）不是同類的，指從整體中除去一個細(xì)節(jié)。如：TheofficeisopeneverydayexceptSundays.除了星期日這家公司每天都營業(yè)。Hisdiaryisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.除了一些拼寫錯誤，他的日記寫得還不錯?！炯磿r訓(xùn)練】單句填空31.________thosemeasuresinschools,47footballtrainingcampshavealsobeenbuiltinanefforttopromotethesportamongyoungpeople.32.Hegoestothelibraryeveryday________whenheisnotwell.考點清單六、兩組高頻易混介詞比較要點精講1：表示支持、反對的介詞for,against介詞詞義例句against反對，倚靠，逆著，相反，在……的襯托下，與……比賽Shewasforcedtomarryagainstherwill.她被迫違心地嫁了人。That'sagainstthelaw.那是違法的。Theskier'sredclothesstoodoutclearlyagainstthesnow.滑雪者的紅衣服在雪的襯托下顯得分外醒目。for支持，贊成，與infavorof同義Areyoufororagainstthenewroadscheme?你對修建新道路的計劃是贊成還是反對？【即時訓(xùn)練】單句填空33.Marysoldthehouseeventhoughitwas??________herhusband'swish.34.OurNationalFlagstandsoutbrightly________thebluesky.35.(2020山東)Museumsmustcompete_______people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.要點精講2：表示“像……”的介詞as,likeas用作介詞，指身份、資格，意為“作為”。如：Letmespeaktoyouasafather.(事實上是父親)Treatmeasafriend.把我當(dāng)作朋友。like用作介詞，意為“像……一樣”。如：Letmespeaktoyoulikeafather.(事實上不是父親)Helookslikehisfather.他長得像他父親。【即時訓(xùn)練】單句填空36.Youarenotwearingyourseatbelt,soyoucanslideinandoutofyourseateasily.Thatsounds________alotoffun.37.Westartwithsmalltalk，apoliteconversationaboutsomething______trafficorweather.38.ForLucy,nothingbeatstraveling,whichshedescribed________herfavoritepartofbeingalive.考點清單七、高頻介詞用法思維導(dǎo)圖考點清單八、八個高頻介詞用法歸納要點精講1：against（1）反對（反義詞for）Areyoufororagainsttheplan?你對這個計劃是贊成還是反對呢?Therewere20votesforhimand12againsthim.有20票贊成他，12票反對他。（2）違背，違抗，違反Whatyouhavedoneisagainstthelaw.所做的事情是違法的。JanemarriedJackagainstherownwill.簡與杰克結(jié)婚，違背了自己的意愿。（3）緊靠；倚Placetheladderagainstthewall.把梯子靠在墻上。Theteacher’sdeskisagainstthewall.老師的辦公桌靠墻放著。Hestoodleaningagainstthetree.他站著斜靠在墻上。（4）迎著；逆著Youshouldflyyourkiteagainstthewind.你應(yīng)該迎著風(fēng)放風(fēng)箏。Wearesailingagainstthewind.(withthewind表示“順風(fēng)”)我們的船正在逆風(fēng)行駛。（5）撞擊，碰著Therainwasbeatingagainstthewindows.雨點拍打著窗戶。Tomhithisheadagainstatreeinthedark.黑暗中湯姆的頭撞在一棵樹上。（6）映襯；相映；對照Theredflaglooksverybrightagainstthebluesky.紅旗在藍(lán)天的襯托下顯得十分鮮艷。Thelittleredhouselookssobeautifulagainstthegreenwoods.那座紅色的小屋在翠綠的森林襯托下顯得很美。（7）不利于

an

evidence

against

him

一個對他不利的證據(jù)要點精講2：by（1）到…為止；不遲于Theyhadfinishedtheworkbytheendoflastweek.到上周末他們已完成了工作。Maybeshehascomebackbynow.或許到現(xiàn)在為止她已經(jīng)回來了。I’llhavearrivedbyfiveo’clockthisafternoon.我最遲在今天下午5點前到這里?！咀ⅰ縝y后接表示過去的時間狀語時，多與過去完成時連用；后接now時，多與現(xiàn)在完成時連用；后接表示將來的時間狀語時，多與將來完成時或一般將來時連用（尤其謂語是be動詞時）。（2）按…計算；按…買(賣)（后接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，名詞其前要用定冠詞the；若后接抽象名詞，則通常不用冠詞）。如：Theyarepaidbythehour(bythemonth).他們所得報酬按小時(月)計。Asweallknow,theluggageischargedbyweight.眾所周知，行李是按重量收費的。Theparkinghereischargedbytime.這里停車按時間收費。（3）乘/坐…（by+交通工具、交通方式名詞。名詞前不加冠詞，不變復(fù)數(shù)）。bybus乘公共汽車；bybike騎自行車；bytrain乘火車；byplane乘飛機；bytaxi乘出租車；byship坐輪船；byair乘飛機；bywater走水路；byland走陸路但是，若表示交通工具的名詞前插有定語修飾語，則也可以用冠詞。如：We’regoingbythe9:30train.我們坐9:30的火車去。WewenttoShanghaibyalargeship.我們乘一艘大船去上海。（4）憑；靠（后接動名詞表示行為的方式或手段）Hemakesalivingbyteaching.他以教書為生。Lockthisdoorbyturningthekeytwicetotheleft.鎖這扇門要把鑰匙向左轉(zhuǎn)兩圈。（5）表示被抓住身體/衣物的某一部分（by+身體部位名詞或衣服名詞）Suddenlyshecaughthimbytheear.突然間她抓住了他的耳朵。Thepolicemantookthethiefbythehand.警察抓住了小偷的手。（6）表升降、增減的程度（by+數(shù)量詞）Thenumberofthestudentshasincreasedbyone-third.學(xué)生數(shù)量增加了三分之一。She’stallerthanheryoungerbrotherbytwoinches.她比她小弟高兩英寸。（7）在…旁邊Comeandsitbyme.過來坐在我的旁邊。（8）從看；依；按照Bytheway,whattimeisitbyyourwatch?順便問一下，你的表幾點了?要點精講3：for（1）因為；由于Thankyouforcomingtoseeme.謝謝你來看我。Heisfamousforhispoems.他因為他的詩出名。Forseveralreasons,I’drathernotmeether.由于種種原因，我寧愿不見她。（2）（表示目的地或方向）向；前往They’llleaveforBeijingtomorrow.明天他們動身去北京。IsthisthetrainforShanghai?這是開往上海的火車嗎？（3）支持；贊成（反義詞：against）Areyoufororagainsttheplan？你是支持還是反對這個計劃？I’mallfortheyoungenjoyingthemselves.我完全贊成年輕人多玩玩。（4）就…而言；相對…來說（表示相對來說不尋常）He’sdonewellforabeginner.作為新手，他干得很好。Heisheavyforasmallboy.作為一個小男孩而言，他的身體算重的了。ThedayiscoolforJuly.在7月里這樣的日子算是涼快的了。（5）對于；至于；關(guān)于Forher,bookswereasnecessarytolifeasbread.對她來說，書就像面包一樣，是生活必需品。Itwouldbeexcellentexperienceforhimtotravelalittle.對他來說，偶爾出去旅游會是很不錯的經(jīng)歷。（6）(表示時間、距離、數(shù)量)持續(xù)，達(dá)Forafewminutesshesatonherbedwatchingtheclock..她坐在床上盯著時鐘看了幾分鐘。Wedroveonforafewmiles.我們繼續(xù)往前開了幾公里。（7）（表示目的或功能）為了；用于Theywentoutforawalk.他們出去散步了。Whatdidyoudothatfor?你干嗎這樣做？Thisknifeisforcuttingbread.這把小刀是用于切面包的。（8）（表示對象）為了，給，對于Hereisaletterforyou.這是你的信。Isn'tthatenoughforyou?.那對你來說不夠嗎？（9）(與不定式連用引出邏輯上的主語)Isthereanyneedformetogo?我有沒有必要去？Itisagreatpityforhimtoleaveheresosoon.他這么快就離開這里真是遺憾。Itisdangerousforasmallchildtocrosstheroadalone.小孩子自己過馬路很危險。要點精講4：from（1）(表示時間)從…起，始于Sheissingingfrommorningtonight.她從早唱到晚。（2）(表示范圍或狀態(tài))從…(到…)Heranallthewayhomefromschool.他從學(xué)校一路跑回家。Unemploymenthasfallenfrom7.5%to7.2%.失業(yè)率從％降到％。（3）(表示距離)離(某處)…Ourschoolistwomilesfromthestation.我們學(xué)校離車站兩英里。（4）（表示來源）來自；出自HecomesfromShanghai.他來自上海。（5）(用于protect,free,keep,prevent等動詞后)免于，阻止，防止Thepillwillrelieveyoufrompain.這藥丸將使你免受痛苦。（6）(表示區(qū)別、比較)Heisoldenoughtoknowrightfromwrong.他已長大,能夠辨別是非了。Ican’ttellonetwinfromtheother.我分不出雙胞胎中誰是誰。（7）(表示原料)由…(制成)Flourismadefromwheat.面粉由小麥制成。（8）（表示原因）因為,由于Hewasn'till;hestayedinbedfromlaziness.他沒病,躺在床上是因懶惰之故。Heistremblingfromfear.他嚇得發(fā)抖（9）(表判斷、觀點)由(…來看)，根據(jù)(…來判斷)Fromherlooksyouwouldsayshewasabouttwenty.從她的模樣看，你會說她約摸20歲。Theexpressiononhisfacechangedfromsympathytosurprise.他臉上的表情從同情變?yōu)轶@訝。要點精講5：through（1）從…中通過；貫穿，穿過（強調(diào)從物體內(nèi)部透過）Thejourneythroughthejunglewasperilous.穿過叢林的旅行充滿了危險。TheRiverThamesflowsthroughLondon.泰晤士河流經(jīng)倫敦。Thesunshinecomesinthroughthewindow.陽光透過窗戶照進來。（2）通過，憑借（方法手段）Thosewhoseektograbpowerthroughviolencedeservepunishment.企圖通過暴力奪權(quán)的人理應(yīng)受到懲罰。Yousimplycan'tgetaticketthroughofficialchannels.通過官方渠道是壓根兒搞不到票的。Youcanonlyachievesuccessthroughhardwork.你得孜孜不倦方能成功。Ilearntofthepositionthroughanewspaperadvertisement. 我是從報紙廣告上得悉有此職位的。（3）由于，因為Hebecameillthroughoverwork. 他因工作過于勞累而病倒了。ItwasthroughhimthatImissedmytrain.就是因為他，我才誤了火車。Theyareunderstoodtohaveretiredthroughageorillhealth.據(jù)知他們是因年齡或健康問題而退休。Thethoughtofsomeonesufferingthroughamistakeofminemakesmeshiver.想到有人因為我犯的錯誤而吃苦頭，我就不寒而栗。（4）自始至終；從頭到尾/底We'llbeinNewYorkMondaythroughFriday.我們從周一至周五將一直待在紐約。Theywillcontinueconstructionthroughthewintermonths. 他們整個冬季將繼續(xù)施工。Weworkedthroughthenight.我們通宵的工作。（5）經(jīng)受；經(jīng)歷Thecountryhasgonethroughtoomanywars.這個國家經(jīng)歷了太多的戰(zhàn)爭。She'sbeenthroughabadpatchrecently.她最近經(jīng)歷了一段困難時期。要點精講6：under（1）[表示位置]在…下面；在…下方；在…底下Shesatverystillunderthetree.她在樹底下靜靜地坐著。Allthishappenedunderhiseyes.這一切都發(fā)生在他的眼皮底下。（2）[表示年齡或數(shù)量]低于；在…以下歲以下的許多兒童都上幼兒園。Thewatchcannotbesoldforunder100yuan.這塊表低于100元不賣。Thetotalisunderwhatwasexpected.總數(shù)低于預(yù)計數(shù)。（3）[表示從屬關(guān)系、影響所及]在（…領(lǐng)導(dǎo)）下；在（…影響）下；在（…統(tǒng)治）之下He'sverymuchundertheinfluenceoftheolderboys.那些比他大的男孩對他影響很大。ThearmyisunderthecommandofGeneralSmith.這支部隊由史密斯將軍指揮。Hekeptthesituationundercontrol.他把情勢控制下來。（4）[尤指一層衣服]在的里面（或底下)Iwaswearingtwosweatersunderthegreenarmyjacket.我在綠軍裝里套了兩件毛線衫。Hehadnoshirtonunderhisthinjumper.他在薄套頭衫里面沒有穿襯衣。Heworeavestunderhisjacket.他在夾克里穿了件背心。（5）在（…狀況或條件）下Hisbestfriendwaskilledbypoliceunderextremelyquestionablecircumstances.他最好的朋友在極其可疑的情況下被警察打死了。Undernormalconditions,onlyabout20to40percentofvitaminEisabsorbed.正常情況下，僅有20%到40%的維生素E會被吸收。Thecarisunderrepair. 這輛汽車在修理中。（6）用（…之名）；以（…的名義）；假借（…之名）Heneverwroteunderhisrealname.他從來不用真名實姓寫作。Thepatientwasregisteredunderafalsename.那位患者掛號時用了假名。要點精講7：under（1）在…上Hesetthetrayuponthetable.他把盤子放在桌子上。Hebentforwardandlaidakisssoftlyuponherforehead.他彎身向前，在她額頭上輕輕一吻。Shesatuponthesofa.她坐在沙發(fā)上。（2）一…即…；一…就…Uponseeingher,Ismiledandrantowardher.一看到她，我就笑了并跑了過去。UponhisarrivalatQinhuangdao,hegavemearing.他已到達(dá)秦皇島就給我打了電話。（3）將要發(fā)生；馬上來臨Thelong-threatenedstormwasuponus.醞釀多時的暴風(fēng)雨就要向我們襲來。Theweddingseasonisuponus.結(jié)婚旺季就要來了?！径陶Z】onceuponatime很久以前l(fā)ookdownupon瞧不起uponmyword的確；我發(fā)誓要點精講8：with（1）與…（在）一起Comewithme.跟我一起來吧。Iwentonholidaywithmyfriend.我跟我朋友一起去度假。Doyouwanttowalkhomewithme?你愿意和我一道走回家嗎（2）[表帶有或擁有]有；帶有；具有；隨身帶著Heisamanwithahottemper.他是一個脾氣暴躁的人。Weboughtahousewithagarden.我們買了一座帶花園的房子。Chinaisaverylargecountrywithalonghistory.中國是一個具有歷史悠久的大國。Ihavenomoneywithme.我沒有帶錢（3）[表方式、手段或工具]以；用Hecaughttheballwithhislefthand.他用左手接球。Shewrotetheletterwithapencil.她用鉛筆寫那封信。注：①用英語說：speakinEnglish②用鋼筆寫：writeinink③用現(xiàn)金/美元支付：payincash/dollar（4）[表材料或內(nèi)容]以；用Filltheglasswithwine.把杯子裝滿酒。Theroadispavedwithstones.這條路用石頭鋪砌。（5）[表狀態(tài)]在…的情況下；…地HecanreadFrenchwithease.他能輕易地讀法文。Ifinishedmyhomeworkthoughwithdifficulty.雖然有困難，我還是做完了功課。注：用于此意時，with多與某些抽象名詞連用時，其作用相當(dāng)于一個副詞。如：withcare=carefully認(rèn)真地withkindness=kindly親切地withjoy=joyfully高興地withanger=angrily生氣地withsorrow=sorrowfully悲傷地withdelight=delightedly高興地withgreatfluency=veryfluently很流利地（6）[表讓步]盡管，雖然Withallhismoney,heisunhappy.盡管他有錢，他并不快樂。Withallhisefforts,helostthematch.雖然盡了全力，他還是輸了那場比賽。（7）[表條件]若是；如果Withyourpermission,I’llgo.你若同意，我就去。注：表示條件時，根據(jù)情況可與虛擬語氣連用。如：WithmoremoneyIwouldbeabletobuyit.要是錢多一點，我就買得起了。Withbetterequipment,wecouldhavefinishedthejobevensooner.要是設(shè)備好些，我們完成這項工作還要快些。（8）[表原因或理由]因為；由于(某種感情而使某人有某種表現(xiàn)或行為)Gilwaswhiteandtremblingwithanger.吉爾氣得臉色煞白，渾身發(fā)抖。Shetrembledwithcold.他凍得發(fā)抖。Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.聽到這個消息，他高興得跳起來。Hewasshakingwithanger.他氣得渾身發(fā)抖。Herfacebecameredwithembarrassment.她因為難為情而臉紅。Herfaceburnedwithshame.她的臉因為羞愧而發(fā)燙。（9）[表時間]當(dāng)…的時候；在…之后；隨后Withthatremark,heleft.他說了那話就離開了。WithdaylightIhurriedtheretoseewhathadhappened.天一亮我就去那兒看發(fā)生了什么事。（10）[表同時或隨同]隨著；跟著（…的變化而變化）Theriskofdevelopingheartdiseaseincreaseswiththenumberofcigarettessmoked.吸食香煙的數(shù)量越多，患心臟病的風(fēng)險就越大。Bloodpressuredecreaseswithexercise.血壓隨著鍛煉而降低。Thegirlseemedtobegrowingprettierwitheachday.那女孩好像長得一天比一天漂亮。比較：with和as均可表示“隨著”，但前者是介詞，后者是連詞。如：Hewillimproveashegrowsolder.隨著年齡的增長，他會進步的。People’sideaschangewiththechangeofthetimes.時代變了，人們的觀念也會變化。（11）[表伴隨或附帶情況]與…同時Michellehadfallenasleepwithherheadagainsthisshoulder.米歇爾睡著了，頭靠在他的肩上。Isleptwiththewindowopen.我開著窗戶睡覺。Don’tspeakwithyourmouthfull.不要滿嘴巴食物說話。（12）贊成；同意Iamwithyouthere.在那點上我同你意見一致。（13）[表對象或關(guān)系]對…（懷有某種感情）；關(guān)于；就…而言；對…來說Heispleasedwithhisnewhouse.他對他的新房子很滿意。Theteacherwasveryangrywithhim.老師對他很生氣。It’sthesamewithusstudents.我們學(xué)生也是這樣。（14）[表對立或敵對]對立；反對Thedogwasfightingwiththecat.狗在同貓打架。He’salwaysarguingwithhisbrother.他老是跟他弟弟爭論。（15）與（風(fēng)、水流等）方向一致；順著…（反義詞：against）sailwiththewind順風(fēng)駛船swimwiththetide順著潮流游泳（16）伴著（聲音或手勢）；帶著（表情）Withasigh,sheleantbackandclosedhereyes.她嘆了口氣，身體向后倚靠，閉上了眼睛。Thefrontdoorclosedwithacrashbehindhim.前門在他身后砰的一聲關(guān)上了。分類訓(xùn)練（一）單句填空（高考真題）1.（2023新高考I卷）Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferently-moredumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressed40handratherthanrolled.2.（2023新高考II卷）AndwhodotheyspeakEnglish38?2.（2023全國甲卷）Shewarnsoftheenvironmentaldangersfacingsociety,andsheteachesthatpeoplemusttakeresponsibility68savingtheirenvironment.4.（2023全國乙卷）FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutong61royalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefullybuiltsystemofringroads.5.（2023北京卷）Ninahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Allofherrunshaveaguidingpurpose:tocallattention____17____globalwaterissues.6.（2023浙江1月卷）ThankstoBeijing’slonghistorycapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoricevents.7.（2022新高考I卷）Giantpandasalsoserve___________anumbrellaspecies(物種),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.9.（2022全國甲卷）Now,CaohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadroute.Heflew4,700kilometers___________Xi’antoKashgaronseat20,planningtohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.0.（2022全國乙卷）May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially___________theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.10.（2022北京卷）Helenwaswalkingdownthestreetlate________theevening,herarmsfilledwithgrocerybags.11.（2021新高考I卷）Acompanyrepresentativewrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingover___________plastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.12.（2021年全國甲卷）Itwasbuiltoriginallytoprotectthecity__________theTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù)).13.（2021年全國乙卷）Duetothegrowingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypes___________tripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.14.（2021年全國乙卷）Ecotourismhasitsoriginwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept_________thelate1980s.15.（2020年北京高考）Overtime,thebagsfallapart___________countlesstinypieces,andfishcanaccidentallyeatsomeofthem.16.（2020全國II卷）Museumsmustcompete__________people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.17.（2020全國III卷）Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(謙卑)bythegreatestartist___________earth,MotherNature.18.（2020浙江卷）Thisagingofthepopulationisdriven___________twofactors.19.(2019全國I卷)Modernmethods__________trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensivetoperformconsistentlyoveralargearea.20.(2019全國III卷)Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack__________dogs,seventobeexact.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasterswhohadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.21.(2019浙江6月卷)Butcanuniformshelpimproveschoolstandards?Theanswer__________thisquestionisnotclear.22.(2019北京卷)EarthDay,markedon22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated__________1970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地區(qū)).23.(2018全國III卷)MynameisMireyaMayor.I’mascientistwhostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.Iwassearching__________thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI’dbeenobserving.24．(2018江蘇卷)Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum'shome________dinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher.25．(2018天津卷)Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy(愛窺探的),keepingtheireyesonme________curiosity.26．(2018全國Ⅲ卷)WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferred________astheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFebruary28.27．(2018江蘇卷)Therearesolutionsthatcouldlightapath________amoresustainableandfairfarmeconomy,butfarmerscan'tclumsilyputthemtogetherbeforeus.28．(2018北京卷)—Goodmorning,MrLee'soffice.—Goodmorning.I'dliketomakeanappointment________nextWednesdayafternoon.29．(2018江蘇卷)DevelopingtheYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltisasystematicprojectwhichcalls________aclearroadmapandtimetable.30.(2017全國II卷)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible61(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandwork.分類訓(xùn)練（二）單句填空（模擬試題）1.（2022廣東一模）ForLucy,nothingbeatstraveling,whichshedescribed__________herfavoritepartofbeingalive.2.（2022新疆一模）Studieshaveshownthatstudentswhousehandwritingtotakenotesinclassrememberinformationbetter—improvingtheirscores________asmuchas15percent.3.（2022云南一模）IthaslongbeenadreamfortheLaopeopletoseetheircountrychangefromaland-lockedcountry______a“l(fā)and-linkedone”,andtheopeningofthenewrailwayisabigsteptowardturningtheirdreamintoreality.4.（2022河南模擬）Watermistwassprayed______theair,whichwasthencrystallized(結(jié)晶)thesnowwiththefreezingairtemperature.5.（2022重慶一模）ItbeganonJanuary19andfinished_____theearlymorningofJanuary20.6.（2023浙江模擬）Scientistssaythatanother26.5trillionpoundswillbeproducedworldwide_____2050.7.（2023成都三診）Aftertakingmypulse,lookingatmytongue,andaskingafewquestions______mydietandlifestyle,theacupuncturistcorrectlyreasonedthatIwasworn-out.8.（2022珠海二模）Analysisofelementsintherelicsindicatessourcessimilar_______thoseofotherculturesalongtheYangtzeRiver.9.（2023肇慶三模）Changestowaterresourcescanhaveabigimpact____2____people'slives.10.（2023漳州模擬）Theasteroid(小行星)10930Jinyong(1998CR2)isnamed______him.11.（2