深圳市2020屆高三第二次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題

攀上山峰，見(jiàn)識(shí)險(xiǎn)峰，你的人生中，也許你就會(huì)有蒼松不懼風(fēng)吹和不懼雨打的大無(wú)畏精神，也許就會(huì)有臘梅的凌寒獨(dú)自開(kāi)的氣魄，也許就會(huì)有春天的百花爭(zhēng)艷的畫卷，也許就會(huì)有鋼鐵般的意志。祝：學(xué)子考試順利，學(xué)業(yè)有成

2020屆高三年級(jí)第二次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上,寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ANewYork’sbestclassesforkidsincludesportsclasses,performingartsclasses,artclasses,languageprogramsandbabyclasses.Makesureyourkidsarereadyfornewadventureswiththesesuper-coolofferings!92ndStreetYClassesAtthisinstitutionyourmusiciancanlearnhowtoplayaninstrument.After-schoolclassesexaminedifferentmusicalpiecesandencourageworkinagroupsetting.Attheendoftheprogram,miniMozartscanimpresstheirfamilyandfriendsatopen-houseperformances.Plus,whenthey'renotjamming,kidscantakeadvantageofhomeworkhelpintheClubhouse,wheretheyaredividedupbygradelevel.Ages5-15.TheCliffsatLICAfteradayoffightingtheacademicobstaclecourseatschool,yourfavoriteachieverscanreachnewheightsonarock-climbingwall.TheCliffs,offeringsallowdevelopingbodiestobuildmusclestrength.Forexample,introductorysessionsteachclimbershowtotiesafetyknots(結(jié))aswellasotherbasics,masteringthemwithhands-ongamesandactivities.TheCliffsatLIC,LongIslandCity.Ages6-18.StatenIslandSkatingPavilionThislargeareamaintainsitsyear-roundfrostytemperaturesforice-skatingfun.Coursesareofferedeverydayforavarietyofinterestsandskilllevels,andpublicandfreestylesessionsareavailableforchildrenwhowanttospendsomeafternoonstherewithoutinstruction.Ages4andup.WestSideYMCAIfyourchildwantstolearnhowtoswim,you'dbepressedtofindmoreoptionsthanthoseofferedattheY.Kidsaregroupedbyageandcapability.Thecoursescoverpersonalsafetyandstroketechniques.Ifyouroffspringpreferdryland,theYalsooffersdance,basketballandfootball.Visitwebsiteforclassdescriptionsanddetailedpriceinformation.Ages5-18.1.Whoisthepassageintendedfor?A.Elementaryschoolteachers. B.Childrenaroundschoolage.C.Familieslookingforattraction. D.Parentswithunder-agechildren.2.Whicheventwillyouattendforoccasionalacademichelp?A.TheCliffsatLIC. B.WestSideYMCA.C.92ndStreetYClasses. D.StatenIslandSkatingPavilion.3.WhatdoesStatenIslandSkatingPavilionprovide?A.Aminiopen-houseperformanceattheendoftheprogram.B.Coldtemperaturesalltheyearroundforice-skating.C.Teachingofskatingindividedgroupsaccordingtotheirage.D.Introductorylessonsonhowtoovercomethelearningobstacles.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【分析】本文是一則廣告應(yīng)用文。介紹幾項(xiàng)面向青少年的培訓(xùn)班，包括樂(lè)器培訓(xùn)班，攀巖課、滑冰課、游泳課?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中Makesureyourkidsarereadyfornewadventureswiththesesuper-coolofferings!可知，確保你家孩子準(zhǔn)備參與這些超級(jí)棒的活動(dòng)安排！由此可推知，本文是寫給家里有小孩的父母的。故選D。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)92ndStreetYClasses部分中Plus,whenthey'renotjamming,kidscantakeadvantageofhomeworkhelpintheClubhouse,wheretheyaredividedupbygradelevel.可知，當(dāng)學(xué)員不多的時(shí)候，孩子們?cè)诰銟?lè)部可以得到家庭作業(yè)方面的幫助，在那里他們按年級(jí)劃分。由此可知，你可以參加92ndStreetYClasses，以獲得偶爾的學(xué)術(shù)幫助。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)StatenIslandSkatingPavilion部分中Thislargeareamaintainsitsyear-roundfrostytemperaturesforice-skatingfun.可知，這一大片地區(qū)保持了全年的霜凍溫度，為滑冰提供樂(lè)趣。由此可知，StatenIslandSkatingPavilion為滑冰提供了全年的低溫。故選B?！军c(diǎn)睛】隱含意義推理判斷題。這類題的題干中常含有：infer/suggest/imply/conclude/intend/purpose/belikelyto等標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)。解決這類問(wèn)題時(shí)要理解文章潛在的含義和作者所給的提示。同時(shí)，要對(duì)文章的含義和作者的暗示作出合理的猜測(cè)和推斷。如第一小題，根據(jù)第一段中Makesureyourkidsarereadyfornewadventureswiththesesuper-coolofferings!可知確保你家孩子準(zhǔn)備參與這些超級(jí)棒的活動(dòng)安排！由此可推知，本文是寫給家里有小孩的父母的。故選D。BThatmorning，IdroppedoureldestatkindergartenandreturnedhometoletourtwoyoungerchildrenplaywhileIworkedonmymedicalreport.Itwaswonderful,butithitmethatmycareerinhospitalwasn'tmakingadifferenceinanyone'slife.Ineededsomethingthatwouldstretchmylimitsandpushmetogrow.Mycareerenabledmetoworkfromhome.Icouldworkfromhome,andbecomeafoster（領(lǐng)養(yǎng)）mother,providingsafetyforachildwhoneededitdesperately.OnMondaymorning,IpickedupthephoneanddialedthenumberIhadgoogledforthenearestDepartmentofChildren’Services.Themanontheotherendwasreceptivetomyquestionsandexplainedthenextstepoftraining,involvingeightweeksofclassesdesignedtoprepareandeducatefosterparents.Wecontinuedthroughalltheclasses,thehomevisits,backgroundchecks,andseeminglyendlesssteps.Fivelongmonthsafterwewereapproved,thephoneTang.Inthemiddleofthenight,IwokemyhusbandandrushedtoEastTennesseeChildren'sHospital-Ourplacementwaswaitingforusintheemergencyroom,sickandlackofnutrition.Itdidn'ttakelongforustorealizethefulldepthofhersuffering.Sixmonthslater,herhalf-brothercametousbyourrequest.Wenowhadfivechildrenunderourcare.OnAugust12,2016,ourfamilyofsevenwalkedintoasmallcourtroom.Thechildren'slawyerandsocialworkerwerethere.Withjustafewwords,ouradoptionwasfinalized.Thesetwoamazingchildrenweren'tgoinghome,becausetheywerealreadyhome.Wearetheirforeverfamily5andtheyareourforeverchildren.Wemaynotbeabletochangetheentireworld,butwehavechangedtheworldentirelyforournewchildren.4.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutherhospitalwork?A.Unusuallydemanding. B.Lackinginmotivation.C.Filledwithchallenges? D.Packedwithchances.5.Whatledtheauthortodecidetoadoptchildren?A.Shewantedtomakeadifferenceinotherpeople.B.Shefeltsympatheticforabusedchildrensheknew.C.Shefeltconfidentaboutherabilitytoraisechildren.D.Sheexperiencedtrainingtoraisechildrenproperly.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"placement"inPara.3referto?A.Thechildtobeadopted. B.Theneedtogettrained.C.Theapprovalofadoption. D.Theofficialatthehospital7.Whydidtheauthorappearatthecourtroom?A.Toputtheadoptedkidselsewhere.B.Toreceiveanotheradoptedchild.C.Tobeginthekids5adoptioninherhome.D.Tomaketheadoptionofficiallylegal,【答案】4.B5.A6.A7.D【解析】這是是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在醫(yī)院有一份滿意的工作，但是作者想要通過(guò)自己的努力來(lái)改善他人的人生，于是走上了收養(yǎng)孩子的道路?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Itwaswonderful,butithitmethatmycareerinhospitalwasn'tmakingadifferenceinanyone'slife.Ineededsomethingthatwouldstretchmylimitsandpushmetogrow.Mycareerenabledmetoworkfromhome.Icouldworkfromhome,andbecomeafoster（領(lǐng)養(yǎng)）mother,providingsafetyforachildwhoneededitdesperately.”可知，作者能在家工作很好，但是作者意識(shí)到自己在醫(yī)院的工作不能讓別人的生活發(fā)生改變，需要做一些事來(lái)拓展自己，促使自己成長(zhǎng)，由此推斷作者覺(jué)得自己在醫(yī)院的工作缺少動(dòng)力，故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Itwaswonderful,butithitmethatmycareerinhospitalwasn'tmakingadifferenceinanyone'slife.Ineededsomethingthatwouldstretchmylimitsandpushmetogrow.Mycareerenabledmetoworkfromhome.Icouldworkfromhome,andbecomeafoster（領(lǐng)養(yǎng)）mother,providingsafetyforachildwhoneededitdesperately”可知，作者意識(shí)到在醫(yī)院的工作并沒(méi)有改變?nèi)魏稳说纳?。她需要一些能拓展她的極限，推動(dòng)她成長(zhǎng)的東西。故作者覺(jué)得自己的職業(yè)沒(méi)有讓他人的人生更有意義，于是希望挑戰(zhàn)自己的能力，為需要安全的孩子提供安全的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境，故作者收養(yǎng)孩子的原因是她想給別人的生活造成影響。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選A。【6題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Ourplacementwaswaitingforusintheemergencyroom,sickandlackofnutrition.Itdidn'ttakelongforustorealizethefulldepthofhersuffering.Sixmonthslater,herhalf-brothercametousbyourrequest.Wenowhadfivechildrenunderourcare.”可知，語(yǔ)境說(shuō)這個(gè)placement在醫(yī)院的急診室等待作者，一臉的病態(tài)，并且營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良。沒(méi)過(guò)多久我們就意識(shí)到她的痛苦有多深。六個(gè)月后，她同父異母的弟弟應(yīng)我們的要求來(lái)找我們。我們現(xiàn)在照顧五個(gè)孩子。故這里的placement指作者準(zhǔn)備領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的孩子，故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“OnAugust12,2016,ourfamilyofsevenwalkedintoasmallcourtroom.Thechildren'slawyerandsocialworkerwerethere.Withjustafewwords,ouradoptionwasfinalized.”可知，2016年8月12日，我們一家七口走進(jìn)一個(gè)小法庭。孩子們的律師和社會(huì)工作者都在那里。只說(shuō)了幾句話，我們的收養(yǎng)就完成了。由此推斷，為什么作者出現(xiàn)在法庭上是為了使收養(yǎng)正式合法化。應(yīng)選D。CThekakapo,abirdthatlivesinNewZealand,isnotdesignedforsurvival.Weighingupto4kilograms,itistheworld'sfattestparrot.Itmates(交配)onlywhentherimutreeisinfruit,whichhappenseveryfewyears.Itdevelopedgraduallyintheabsenceofland-basednaturalenemies,soinsteadofflyingabovethetreesitwalkslikeaduckacrossthedryforestfloor.Whenitmovesunsteadilyacrosssomethingthatmightkillit,itwillstandstill.Suchunusualcharacteristicsturneditintofastfoodforhumansettlers,andforthecatsandratstheybroughtwiththem.Itseemedtohavedisappearedbythe1970s,untilscientistscameacrosstwoundiscoveredpopulationsinthecountry'ssouth.Thesesurvivorswereeventuallymovedtosmallenemy-freeislands,whereresearchershavespentdecadestryingtogetthemtobreed(繁殖).Thescientists'patienceisfinallyrewarded.Therimuwasinfruitthisyear,andmorethan80chickshatched,makingthisthebestbreedingseasononrecord.Manyhavesurvivedintoadolescence,increasingthenumberofadultkakaposbyathird,to200birds.Anotherdangertothekakapoisalackofgeneticdiversity.Thisisonereasonwhyfewerthanhalfofkakapoeggshatch.Byarrangingthegenome(基因組)ofeverylivingbirdscientistscanidentifyclosely-relatedindividualsandputthemondifferentislands.Everybirdisfittedwithsomethingtotrackitsslightestmovement.Ifafemalemateswithan"unsuitable”male,theprocesscanbestopped.AlltheseeffortscostalmostNewZealand$1.3millionthisbreedingseason.Yetthekakapo'sfuturestilllooksunsafe.Earlierthisyearaseverediseasetorethroughthepopulation.Andtinyasthenumberofkakaposis,spaceisrunningoutonthetwoislandswheremostofthemlive.Newenemy-freesettlementmustsoonbefound.8.Whichofthefollowingisadangerforthesurvivalofthekakapo?A.Itisthesmallestbirdintheworld. B.Itlacksexerciseandusuallystandsstill.C.Itadaptsslowlyingeneticdevelopment. D.Itcan'trespondactivelywhenfacingdanger.9.Inwhatwaymaythescientists'patienceberewarded?A.Theyhatched80kakapos'eggsthisyear.B.Theytriedtomaketherimutreeinfruitthisyear.CTwosurvivorsweremovedtoenemy-freeislands.D.50chickshatchedhavesurvivedintoadultsthisyear.10.Whydidthescientistsputkakapoindifferentislands?A.Tostopclosely-relatedkakaposmating. B.Toincreasethepopulationofkakapo.C.Tostopfemalesmatingwithmales. D.Tohatchmorekakapos'eggs.11.Accordingtotheauthor,theeffortstoprotectthekakapoinNewZealandare_______.Asuccessful B.unsafeC.doubtful D.inadequate【答案】8.D9.A10.A11.D【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了人們?yōu)榱吮Ｗo(hù)新西蘭的一種瀕臨滅絕的鳥(niǎo)類鸮鸚鵡所作出的一些努力?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Whenitmovesunsteadilyacrosssomethingthatmightkillit,itwillstandstill.可知，當(dāng)它搖搖晃晃地穿過(guò)可能會(huì)殺死它的東西時(shí)，它會(huì)靜止不動(dòng)。由此可推知，當(dāng)鸮鸚鵡面對(duì)危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，它不能做出積極的反應(yīng)，這對(duì)鸮鸚鵡的生存來(lái)說(shuō)是一種威脅。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Thescientists'patienceisfinallyrewarded.Therimuwasinfruitthisyear,andmorethan80chickshatched,makingthisthebestbreedingseasononrecord.可知，科學(xué)家的耐心終于得到了回報(bào)。今年的柚木結(jié)果了，80多只雛鳥(niǎo)破殼而出，這是有記錄以來(lái)最好的繁殖季節(jié)。由此可知，科學(xué)家們的耐心得到了回報(bào)，今年有80多只雛鳥(niǎo)破殼而出。故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中Anotherdangertothekakapoisalackofgeneticdiversity.Thisisonereasonwhyfewerthanhalfofkakapoeggshatch.Byarrangingthegenomeofeverylivingbird,scientistscanidentifyclosely-relatedindividualsandputthemondifferentislands.可知，鸮鸚鵡面臨的另一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)是缺乏遺傳多樣性。這就是為什么只有不到一半的鸮鸚鵡蛋孵化的原因之一。通過(guò)整理每只活鳥(niǎo)的基因組，科學(xué)家可以識(shí)別出親緣關(guān)系很近的個(gè)體，并把它們放在不同的島嶼上。由此可知，科學(xué)家們把鸮鸚鵡放在不同的島嶼上，是為了阻止近親鸮鸚鵡交配。故選A?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Yetthekakapo'sfuturestilllooksunsafe.Earlierthisyearaseverediseasetorethroughthepopulation.Andtinyasthenumberofkakaposis,spaceisrunningoutonthetwoislandswheremostofthemlive.可知，然而，鸮鸚鵡的未來(lái)看起來(lái)仍然不安全。今年早些時(shí)候，一種嚴(yán)重的疾病在鳥(niǎo)群中肆虐。盡管鸮鸚鵡的數(shù)量很少，但它們生活的這兩個(gè)島嶼上的空間已經(jīng)所剩無(wú)幾。由此可推知，作者認(rèn)為保護(hù)新西蘭鸮鸚鵡的努力是不夠的。故選D。D“Newandimproved.”Thesewordsareputinsomanymarketingcampaignsthatwetendtoacceptthemaslinked.Butmanynewdrugsaren'tanimprovementoverthebestexistingdrugforagivencondition,andthefastdrug-approvalprocessesinrecentyearshaveaddedtotheuncertaintyabouttheiradvantages.ArecentreportintheBritishMedicalJournal,"NewDrugs:WhereDidWeGoWrongandWhatCanWeDoBetter?,analysedtheissue,Theauthorslookedat216drugsapprovedbetween2011and2017；152werenewlydeveloped,and64wereexistingmedicineapprovedfornewuses.Only25%offeredamajoradvantageovertheestablishedtreatment,andfully58%hadnoconfirmedaddedbenefittoreducesymptomsorimprovehealth-relatedqualityoflife."Thisdoesn’tmeanthere'snoaddedbenefit,"leadauthorWieselersaid.“Itjustmeanswehavenopositiveproof.Eitherwehavenostudiesorhavestudiesnotgoodenough.”Wieselerandherco-authorsworkforaGermaninstitutewhichevaluatesnewtreatmentsandadvisesonwhetherthecountry'shealthcaresystemshouldpayapremium(占)forthem.Suchorganizations,knownashealthtechnologyassessment(HTA)agencies,workalittledifferentlyintheUS,saysSeanTunis，aresearcherinBaltimore:“Ifpayersthinkanewdrugisn'tbetterthananexistingdrug，theseagencieswillrequire.thathospitalstrythecheaperdrugfirst.”Germany'sHTAdemandstrialstoprovethatanewtreatmentbeatstheexistingstandard.Thisisn'talwayspracticalForonething,suchstudiescanbeexpensiveandtime-consuming,withnoguaranteeofsuccess.Secondly,itcandiscouragecompaniesfromattemptingtodevelopnewalternatives.Thisisalreadyhappening.Drugdevelopersareincreasinglyfocusedonareaswheretherearenogoodtreatmentstocompetewith,suchasrarediseases.ThislackofmeaningfuldatatoguidepatientsisamajorpointofWieseler'spaper-Withacceleratedapproval,therearemoreproductsapproved,withagreateramountofuncertaintyaboutrisksandbenefits.Butthereareothersolutionsbesidesdrugtrials.Oneideaistorequirepostmarketstudiestotracktheeffectivenessofnewlyapproveddrugs—asteptoooftenneglected.12.Whatmessagedoestherecentreportconvey?A.Manynewdrugshavenoimprovedadvantages.B.Theapprovalprocessesfornewdrugsaretoofast.C.Improveddrugshaveadvantagesoveroldones.D.Before2017noimprovementwasmadetodrugs.13WhatwillUSHTAagenciesdowhennoadvantageisfoundinnewdrugs?A.Removegovernmentpremiumonthem.B.Gethospitalstousethecheaperdrugs.C.Arrangefinancialsupportforthepatients.D.Putnewdrugsonfurthertrialsandstudies.14.What'sthedisadvantageofGermany'sHTAtrialdemands?A.Makingdrugcompaniesthinkofillegalwaystocutcost.B.Pushingcompaniestotryalternativesforexistingdrugs.C.Gettingpatientstodependonthegovernmentforsupport.D.Holdingcompaniesbackfromimprovingexistingdrugs.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheAdvantageofExistingDrugsB.MisunderstandingofNewandOldDrugsC.ADilemmawithNewDrugAlternativesD.PeopledPreferenceforNeworOldDrugs【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.C【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文文。文章主要講述了英國(guó)一項(xiàng)研究表明，與傳統(tǒng)藥物相比，市面上不斷推出的新藥大部分并不具有新的療效。作者分析其中原因并指出，因?yàn)橄嚓P(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)的要求，加上新藥耗時(shí)費(fèi)錢，因此藥品公司干脆轉(zhuǎn)向研究罕見(jiàn)病的藥品，而不是對(duì)已有的藥品進(jìn)行改良?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“heauthorslookedat216drugsapprovedbetween2011and2017；152werenewlydeveloped,and64wereexistingmedicineapprovedfornewuses.Only25%offeredamajoradvantageovertheestablishedtreatment,andfully58%hadnoconfirmedaddedbenefittoreducesymptomsorimprovehealth-relatedqualityoflife.”可知，英國(guó)《醫(yī)學(xué)期刊》的一篇報(bào)道對(duì)2011到2017年上市的藥品的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，其中58%的新藥與已有的藥物相比，沒(méi)有任何得到證實(shí)的新增加的藥效。故最近的報(bào)告?zhèn)鬟_(dá)了許多新藥沒(méi)有改進(jìn)的優(yōu)勢(shì)的信息。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Suchorganizations,knownashealthtechnologyassessment(HTA)agencies,workalittledifferentlyintheUS,saysSeanTunis，aresearcherinBaltimore:“Ifpayersthinkanewdrugisn'tbetterthananexistingdrug，theseagencieswillrequire.thathospitalstrythecheaperdrugfirst.”可知，美國(guó)的衛(wèi)生技術(shù)評(píng)估機(jī)構(gòu)的功能與德國(guó)不同，如果付費(fèi)方（病人）認(rèn)為某種新藥不比已有的藥品更好，那么“他們（評(píng)估機(jī)構(gòu)）就會(huì)要求醫(yī)院先試用便宜一些的藥品"，故選B。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“Germany'sHTAdemandstrialstoprovethatanewtreatmentbeatstheexistingstandard.Thisisn'talwayspracticalForonething,suchstudiescanbeexpensiveandtime-consuming,withnoguaranteeofsuccess.Secondly,itcandiscouragecompaniesfromattemptingtodevelopnewalternatives.Thisisalreadyhappening.Drugdevelopersareincreasinglyfocusedonareaswheretherearenogoodtreatmentstocompetewith,suchasrarediseases”（德國(guó)的HTA需要試驗(yàn)來(lái)證明新的治療方法優(yōu)于現(xiàn)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這并不總是可行的一件事，這樣的研究可能是昂貴和耗時(shí)的，沒(méi)有成功的保證。其次，它可以阻止公司嘗試開(kāi)發(fā)新的替代品。這已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。藥物開(kāi)發(fā)人員越來(lái)越關(guān)注那些沒(méi)有好的治療方法可與之競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的領(lǐng)域，例如罕見(jiàn)的疾病）可知，德國(guó)衛(wèi)生技術(shù)評(píng)估機(jī)構(gòu)要求有藥物試驗(yàn)來(lái)證實(shí)改良后的新藥比原先的藥品更好，這需要大量的金錢和時(shí)間。由此可以推斷出，德國(guó)HTA的試驗(yàn)的缺點(diǎn)是不利于公司對(duì)已有藥品進(jìn)行提升。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選D。【15題詳解】標(biāo)題判斷題。全文講述藥品研發(fā)的窘境：傳統(tǒng)藥物的更新未必有新的療效，即使有新療效，相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)的要求使這個(gè)更新過(guò)程漫長(zhǎng)而且費(fèi)用高，于是很多藥企干脆轉(zhuǎn)向研究罕見(jiàn)病的新藥，這就使已有藥品的更新面臨窘境。故C項(xiàng)ADilemmawithNewDrugAlternatives“新藥物的兩難選擇”作為標(biāo)題，符合題意。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。FromMozarttopopmusic,tonsofpeopleenjoylisteningtovarioustypesofmusicwhiletheypaint,write,ordraw.Manybelievethatmusichelpsimprovecreativity.Butaninternationalstudyischallengingthatviewpoint.___16___Tocometotheirconclusions,researchershadparticipantscompleteverbal(文字的)problemsdesignedtoinspirecreativitywhilesittinginaquietroom.___17___Theyfoundthatbackgroundmusicsignificantlyhurttheparticipants,abilitytocompletetasksassociatedwithverbalcreativity.Thetasksweresimplewordgames.___18___Then,theywereaskedtofindasinglewordassociatedwithallthreethatcouldbecombinedtoformacommonphraseorword.Participantscompletedthetasksineitheraquietroom,orwhileexposedtothreedifferenttypesofmusic:musicwithunfamiliarlines,instrumentalmusic,ormusicwithfamiliarlines.Dr.McLatchieandhiscolleaguesconcludethatmusicinterfereswith(干擾)theverbalworkingmemoryofthebrain.___19___Also,asfarasthelibrarybackgroundnoiseshavingseeminglynoeffect,theresearchersbelievethatisthecasebecauselibrarynoisescreateanenvironmentofsteadystatethatdoesn'tinterruptconcentration."____20____Instead,theydemonstratethatmusic,regardlessofthepresenceofitscontent,consistentlyinterruptscreativeperformanceininsightproblemsolving,"thestudyreads.A.Andthisinturnholdsbackcreativity.B.Ithasnothingtodowiththepositivereaction.C.Thenagain,theyweretestedwhilemusicwasplayedinthebackground.D.Psychologistssaythattheirfindingsindicatemusicactuallyblockscreativity.E.Forexample,participantsweregiventhreewords,suchasdress,dial,andflower.F.Beforetheexperiment,theparticipantsdidn'tstudythemusictheywouldlisten.G.Toconclude,thefindingsherechallengethepopularviewthatmusicbuildsupcreativity.【答案】16.D17.C18.E19.A20.G【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。有的人喜歡在有背景音樂(lè)的環(huán)境下工作。然而，研究表明，音樂(lè)會(huì)干擾人們解決問(wèn)題的創(chuàng)造性?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文Manybelievethatmusichelpsimprovecreativity.Butaninternationalstudyischallengingthatviewpoint.可知，許多人認(rèn)為音樂(lè)有助于提高創(chuàng)造力。但一項(xiàng)國(guó)際研究正在挑戰(zhàn)這種觀點(diǎn)。由此可知，一項(xiàng)新的國(guó)際研究并不認(rèn)為音樂(lè)有助于提高創(chuàng)造力，故D選項(xiàng)“心理學(xué)家說(shuō)，他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，音樂(lè)實(shí)際上阻礙了創(chuàng)造力”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選D。【17題詳解】根據(jù)前文Tocometotheirconclusions,researchershadparticipantscompleteverbalproblemsdesignedtoinspirecreativitywhilesittinginaquietroom.可知，為了得出結(jié)論，研究人員讓參與者坐在安靜的房間里完成一些旨在激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力的語(yǔ)言問(wèn)題。由此可知，本句承接上文繼續(xù)說(shuō)明研究的過(guò)程，上文中researchers與C選項(xiàng)中they形成對(duì)應(yīng)，故C選項(xiàng)“然后，他們?cè)俅卧诓シ乓魳?lè)的背景音樂(lè)中接受測(cè)試”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選C。【18題詳解】根據(jù)后文Then,theywereaskedtofindasinglewordassociatedwithallthreethatcouldbecombinedtoformacommonphraseorword.可知，然后，他們被要求找出一個(gè)與這三個(gè)詞相關(guān)的詞，這些詞可以組合成一個(gè)共同的短語(yǔ)或詞。由此可知，參與者被給予了三個(gè)單詞，并要求找出一個(gè)與這三個(gè)詞相關(guān)的詞。故E選項(xiàng)“例如，參與者被給予三個(gè)詞，如衣服，電話和鮮花”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選E?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)第二段最后一句Theyfoundthatbackgroundmusicsignificantlyhurttheparticipants,abilitytocompletetasksassociatedwithverbalcreativity.可知，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，背景音樂(lè)會(huì)顯著損害參與者完成與語(yǔ)言創(chuàng)造力相關(guān)的任務(wù)的能力。由此可知樂(lè)會(huì)干擾大腦的語(yǔ)言工作記憶，而這反過(guò)來(lái)又阻礙了創(chuàng)造性。故A選項(xiàng)“這反過(guò)來(lái)又抑制了創(chuàng)造力”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)后文Instead,theydemonstratethatmusic,regardlessofthepresenceofitscontent,consistentlyinterruptscreativeperformanceininsightproblemsolving,"thestudyreads.可知，相反，他們證明了音樂(lè)，不管它的內(nèi)容是什么，在解決問(wèn)題的過(guò)程中不斷地打斷創(chuàng)造性的表現(xiàn)。由此可知，研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)成功挑戰(zhàn)了音樂(lè)可以培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力這種流行觀點(diǎn)。故G選項(xiàng)“總而言之，這里的發(fā)現(xiàn)挑戰(zhàn)了流行的觀點(diǎn)，即音樂(lè)可以培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選G。第二部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。閱讀下面的短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Foryears,Ihadsufferedfromdepression.Ineverseemedtobehappywithmylife,especiallywhenI___21___ittosomeoneelse's.IfrequentlyfeltIwasnotlivinguptoeithermyown___22___ortheworldsexpectations.Then,theweekbeforeThanksgiving,everychairinthechurchhasapaperbagunderneath.Allwereexpectedtopickupone___23___andtakethemtoagrocerystoreandfillthemwithsomebasicfooditemstobe___24___tolocalchanty.Then,attheevening,ateamofvolunteersplacedallthe___25___bags,offoodatthefrontofthechurch.Includedintheeventwasasheetwith___26___,askingustothinkof100thingswewerethankfulfor.Thiswasa(n）___27___tohelpusfocusongratitude.___28___Iheardsomekidsnexttome___29___eachothertoseewhocouldfillinall100thefastest.My___30___naturepushedmetofillinblankswithany___31___inmylifethatIwasthankfulfor.Tomyown____32____,Ifilledinthelistinfourminutes.ThenIjoinedtheothers___33___thebagsaccordingtotheircategoriesbeforetheyweredonatedtothe___34___.Onedaynotlongafterward,Ifoundmyselfsinkingintomy___35___depressionwhenIrememberedthe___36___.Itookitoutandreadthroughitand___37___thatnotonlydidIhavealottobethankfulforbutthatthethingsIhadwrittenonthatlist___38___mytalents,hobbies,faith,andpeoplewhohadgreatly___39___me.___40___tohaveanattitudeofgratitudehasmadememorethanhappyandfilledmewithjoy.21.A.introduced B.compared C.exposed D.applied22.A.achievement B.nature C.potential D.patience23.A.randomly B.regularly C.alternatively D.considerately24.A.returned B.issued C.allocated D.donated25.A.circulated B.addressed C.filled D.supplied26.A.credits B.blanks C.inspirations D.suggestions27.A.celebration B.amusement C.communication D.exercise28.A.Accidentally B.Furthermore C.Otherwise D.Necessarily29.A.remind B.challenge C.support D.observe30.A.sympathetic B.creative C.competitive D.contradictory31.A.situation B.chance C.promotion D.awareness32.A.disappointment B.curiosity C.advantage D.astonishment33.A.distributing B.clarifying C.sorting D.decorating34.A.rich B.needy C.special D.worried35.A.guilty B.familiar C.temporary D.apparent36.A.list B.activity C.motivation D.report37.A.pretended B.claimed C.imagined D.realized38.A.ruledout B.droppedout C.broughtout D.workedout39.A.surprised B.touched C.promised D.concerned40.A.Choosing B.Offering C.Demanding D.Declining【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.C26.B27.D28.A29.B30.C31.A32.D33.C34.B35.B36.A37.D38.C39.B40.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。主要講了作者在生活中總是不開(kāi)心，認(rèn)為自己沒(méi)有完全發(fā)揮自己的潛力，沒(méi)有達(dá)成世人的期待，一次公益活動(dòng)讓他領(lǐng)悟到了人要感恩，擁有感恩的態(tài)度讓自己更快樂(lè)，充滿喜悅?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：多年來(lái)，我一直飽受抑郁之苦。我對(duì)自己的生活似乎從來(lái)都不滿意，尤其是當(dāng)我把自己的生活和別人比較的時(shí)候。A.introduced介紹；B.compared比較；C.exposed暴露；D.applied應(yīng)用。根據(jù)上文可知，作者對(duì)自己的生活不滿意，由especiallywhen結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，comparesth.tosth.是固定搭配，意為“把……和……作比較”，與題意相符，表示特別是與其他人的生活比較時(shí)，我對(duì)生活更不滿意。introducesb.tosth.把……介紹給……；exposesth.tosth.向……表示敬意；applysth.tosth.把某物應(yīng)用于某事物上，都不符合語(yǔ)境。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我常常覺(jué)得我既沒(méi)有發(fā)揮出自己的潛力，也沒(méi)有達(dá)到世人的期望。A.achievement成就；B.nature自然；C.potential潛力；D.patience耐心。根據(jù)空格18后的mytalents,hobbies,faith等幾處線索，可推知這里說(shuō)明作者還沒(méi)發(fā)揮出自己的潛力，故選C?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：所有人都被要求隨機(jī)挑選一個(gè)，然后帶到雜貨店，在里面裝上一些主要食品，捐贈(zèng)給當(dāng)?shù)氐拇壬茩C(jī)構(gòu)。A.randomly隨機(jī)地；B.regularly定期地；C.alternatively二者選其一的；D.considerately體量地。根據(jù)下文的accordingtotheircategories可知，孩子們把這些袋子根據(jù)類別進(jìn)行分類，可知這里是要求隨機(jī)（randomly）選擇袋子，而其他三項(xiàng)與題意不符，故選A。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：所有人都被要求隨機(jī)挑選一個(gè)，然后帶到雜貨店，在里面裝上一些主要的食物，捐贈(zèng)給當(dāng)?shù)氐拇壬茩C(jī)構(gòu)。A.returned返回；B.issued發(fā)行；C.allocated分配；D.donated捐獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)上下文可知，因下文提到localcharity，所以能推知此處是將食物捐獻(xiàn)給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后在晚上，一組志愿者把裝滿食物的袋子放在教堂前面。A.circulated傳達(dá)；B.addressed處理；寄給；C.filled裝滿；D.supplied提供。根據(jù)前文的fillthemwithsomebasicfooditems可知，孩子們將袋子里裝滿了食物，晚上志愿者將這些裝滿食物的袋子放在教堂前面。filled是過(guò)去分詞，表示“被裝滿的”，作定語(yǔ)。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：活動(dòng)中包括一張空白的表格，要求我們想100件我們要感謝的事情。A.credits積分；B.blanks空白；C.inspirations激勵(lì)；D.suggestions建議。根據(jù)下文的“Ifilledinthelistinfourminutes”可知，作者拿到的是一張空白的表格，故選B?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一個(gè)幫助我們注重感恩的練習(xí)。A.celebration慶祝；B.amusement娛樂(lè)；C.communication溝通；D.exercise（身體或腦力的）活動(dòng)。根據(jù)下文“tohelpusfocusongratitude”可知，讓我們想出100件我們感恩的事情填在一張紙上，是一種讓作者和其他孩子們注重感恩的活動(dòng)，其他選項(xiàng)不符合題意，故選D。【28題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：無(wú)意中，我聽(tīng)到旁邊的一些孩子在互相挑戰(zhàn)，看誰(shuí)能以最快的速度填滿所有的100個(gè)。A.Accidentally偶然地；B.Furthermore此外；C.Otherwise否則；D.Necessarily必要地。一些孩子在挑戰(zhàn)誰(shuí)填的最快，沒(méi)有作者，因此作者是偶然聽(tīng)到的。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：偶然地我聽(tīng)到旁邊的一些孩子在互相挑戰(zhàn)，看誰(shuí)能以最快的速度填滿所有的100個(gè)。A.remind提醒；B.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；C.support支持；D.observe觀察。根據(jù)下文toseewhocouldfillinall100thefastest可知，看誰(shuí)能以最快的速度填滿所有的100個(gè)，故推知這是一場(chǎng)挑戰(zhàn)，故選B?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我好勝的天性驅(qū)使我用生活中感動(dòng)我的那些情形去填充那些空白。A.sympathetic充滿同情心的；B.creative有創(chuàng)造力的；C.competitive競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的；好勝的；D.contradictory矛盾的。根據(jù)上文eachothertoseewhocouldfillinall100thefastest可知，孩子們?cè)谔魬?zhàn)，這激發(fā)了作者爭(zhēng)強(qiáng)好勝的天性，故選C?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我好勝的天性驅(qū)使我用生活中感動(dòng)我的那些情形去填補(bǔ)那些空白。A.situation情形；處境；B.chance機(jī)會(huì)；C.promotion提升；D.awareness意識(shí)。根據(jù)上文askingustothinkof100thingswewerethankfulfor可知，表格要求填寫那些生活中感恩的事情，因此作者把生活中自己感恩的情形填在了空白處。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：令我吃驚的是，在四分鐘內(nèi)我就填好了那張表格。A.disappointment失望；B.curiosity好奇心；C.advantage好處；D.astonishment驚訝。根據(jù)上下文可知，作者爭(zhēng)強(qiáng)好勝的心促使了自己在四分鐘內(nèi)就填好了那張表格，作者本人也很驚訝，toone’sastonishment意為“令某人驚訝的是”，故選D。【33題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，我和其他人一起把這些袋子按類別分類以后，它們被捐贈(zèng)給需要的人。A.distributing分布；B.clarifying澄清；C.sorting分類；D.decorating裝飾。根據(jù)上文accordingtotheircategories可知，作者和孩子們要將袋子按類別分類（sort），故選C?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，我和其他人一起把這些袋子按類別分類以后。它們被捐贈(zèng)給需要的人。A.rich富有的；B.needy貧困的；C.special特殊的；D.worried擔(dān)憂的。根據(jù)上下文和常識(shí)可知，慈善機(jī)構(gòu)是資助窮人的機(jī)構(gòu)，theneedy是the+形容詞表示一類人的用法，意為“有需要的人、窮人”故選B?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：之后不久的一天,我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己陷入熟悉的抑郁這時(shí)候我記起來(lái)那種清單。A.guilty有罪的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.temporary暫時(shí)的；D.apparent顯然的。根據(jù)第一段第一句Ihadsufferedfromdepression.可知，作者又陷入到了自己熟悉的情緒中，故選B。【36題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.list清單；B.activity活動(dòng)；C.motivation動(dòng)機(jī)；D.report報(bào)告。根據(jù)下文onthatlist可知，此處指的就是上文寫信的自己感恩的100件事的清單。故選A。【37題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我拿出它，通讀了一遍，意識(shí)到我不僅有很多要感恩的事情而且我寫在清單上的事情顯現(xiàn)出我的天賦，愛(ài)好，信念還有特別讓我感動(dòng)的人。A.pretended假裝；B.claimed宣稱；C.imagined想象；D.realized意識(shí)到。根據(jù)上文Itookitoutandreadthroughit可知，作者通讀清單后，意識(shí)到自己不僅有很多要感恩的事情，故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意同上。A.ruledout排除；B.droppedout輟學(xué)；C.broughtout使顯示；D.workedout計(jì)算出。根據(jù)下文的“mytalents,hobbies,faith”可知，這些清單上的內(nèi)容也顯示（broughtout）出我的才能等。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我寫在清單上的內(nèi)容也顯示了我的才能、信仰、以及那些深深感動(dòng)過(guò)我的人。A.surprised使驚訝；B.touched觸碰；C.promised許諾；D.concerned關(guān)心。清單上是我們感恩的事情，因此那清單上也顯示出那些深深感動(dòng)過(guò)自己的人，touch意為“感動(dòng)