電子科技大學(xué)考博英語歷年真題及詳解

2008年秋電子科技大學(xué)考博英語真題PartI Vocabulary&Structure(15%;0.5foreach)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.1.______dullhemaybe,heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.[A].Although[B].whatever[C].As[D].However2.IfonlyI______playtheguitaraswellasyou![A]would[B].could[C].should[D].might3.Theparty,______Iwastheguestofhonour,wasextremelyenjoyable.[A].bywhich[B].forwhich[C].towhich[D].atwhich4.It’shightimewe______cuttingdowntherainforests.[A].stopped[B].hadtostop[C].shallstop[D].stop5.Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayhe______impossibletocomprehend.[A].hasfound[B].wasfinding[C].hadfound[D].wouldfind6.Loudspeakerswerefixedinthehallsothateveryone______anopportunitytohearthespeech.[A].oughttohave[B].musthave[C].mayhave[D].shouldhave7.Iamsurprised______thiscityisadullplacetolivein.[A]thatyoushouldthink[B].bywhatyouarethinking[C]thatyouwouldthink[D].withwhatyouwerethinking8.Susanisveryhardworking,butherpayisnot______forherwork.[A].enoughgood[B].goodenough[C].asgoodenough[D].goodasenough9.Itisimperativethatthegovernment______moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.[A].attracts[B].shallattract[C].attract[D].hasto10.Landbelongstothecity;thereis______hingasprivateownershipofland.[A].nosucha[B].notsuch[C].notsucha[D].nosuch11.Mydaughterhaswalkedeightmilestoday.Weneverguessedthatshecouldwalk______far.[A]./[B].such[C].that[D].as12.Thestatistics______thatlivingstandardsintheareahaveimproveddrasticallyinrecenttimes.[A].proves[B].isproving[C].areproving[D].prove13.Thereareonlytenapplesleftinthebaskets,______thespoiltones.[A].notcounting[B].nottocount[C].don’tcount[D].havingnotcounted14.Itwas______wehadhoped.[A].moreasuccessthan[B].asuccessmorethan[C]asmuchofasuccessas[D].asuccessasmuchas15.Thereusedtobeapetrolstationnearthepark,______?[A].didn’tit[B].doesn’tthere[C].usedn’tit?[D].didn’tthere16.Itisanoffencetoshow______againstpeopleofdifferentraces.[A].distinction[B].difference[C].separation[D].discrimination17.Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto______theC.athedraltoitsprevioussplendour.[A].refreshing[B].restoring[C].renovating[D].renewing18.Thethievesfledwiththelocalpolicecloseontheir______.[A].backs[B].necks[C].toes[D].heels19.Theeconomicrecessionhasmeantthatjob______isararething.[A].security[B].safety[C].protection[D].secureness20.Manypeoplenowadayssavemoneyto______fortheiroldage.[A].cater[B].supply[C].provide[D].equip21.Thetoneofthearticle______thewriter’smoodatthetime.[A].reproduced[B].reflected[C].imagined[D].imitated22.Thisisnottheright______toaskformyhelp;Iamfartoobusyeventolisten.[A].time[B].opportunity[C].chance[D].case23.Thejobofastudentaccommodationofficer______agreatmanyvisitstolandladies.[A]concerns[B].offers[C].asks[D].involves24.Ourfamilydoctor’sclinic______atthejunctionoftwobusyroads.[A].rests[B].stands[C].stays[D].seats25.Shewassofatthatshecouldonlyjust______throughthedoor.[A].assemble[B].appear[C].squeeze[D].gather26.Aftertheheavyrain,abuilderwascalledtorepairtheroof,whichwas______[A]leaking[B].trickling[C].prominent[D].noticeable27.Thereceptionwasattendedby______membersofthelocalcommunity.[A].excellent[B].conspicuous[C].prominent[D].noticeable28.SharepricesontheStockExchangeplungedsharplyinthemorningbut______slightlyintheafternoon.[A].regained[B].recovered[C].restored[D].revived29.Hisbrainhasworkedawayontheideaofauniversalcure.[A].rich[B].quick[C].productive[D].fertile30.Thecouplehasdonatedanot______amountofmoneytothefoundation.[A].inconsiderable[B].inconsiderate[C].inaccurate[D].incomparable PartII ReadingComprehension(50scores;twoforeach)Directions:Therearesixpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.TEXTAInthecaseofmobilephones,changeiseverything.Recentresearchindicatesthatthemobilephoneischangingnotonlyourculture,butourverybodiesaswell.First.Let’stalkaboutculture.Thedifferencebetweenthemobilephoneanditsparent,thefixed-linephone,yougetwhoeveranswersit.Thishasseveralimplications.Themostcommonone,however,andperhapsthethingthathaschangedourcultureforever,isthe“meeting”influence.Peoplenolongerneedtomakefirmplansaboutwhenandwheretomeet.Twentyyearsago,aFridaynightwouldneedtobearrangedinadvance.Youneededenoughtimetoalloweveryonetogetfromtheirplaceofworktothefirstmeetingplace.Now,however,anightoutcanbearrangedontherun.Itisnolonger“seeyouthereat8”,but“textmearound8andwe’llseewhereweallare”.Textingchangespeopleaswell.Intheirpaper,“insightsintotheSocialandPsychologicalEffectsofSMSTextMessaging”,twoBritishresearchersdistinguishedbetweentwotypesofmobilephoneusers:the“talkers”andthe“texters”-thosewhoprefervoicetotextmessageandthosewhoprefertexttovoice.Theyfoundthatthemobilephone’sindividualityandprivacygavetexterstheabilitytoexpressawholenewouterpersonality.Texterswerelikelytoreportthattheirfamilywouldbesurprisediftheyweretoreadtheirtexts.Thissuggeststhattextingallowedtexterstopresentaself-imagethatdifferedfromtheonefamiliartothosewhoknewthemwell.Anotherscientistwroteofthechangesthatmobileshavebroughttobodylanguage.Therearetwokindsthatpeopleusewhilespeakingonthephone.Thereisthe“speakeasy”:theheadisheldhigh,inaself-confidentway,chattingaway.Andthereisthe“spacemaker”:thesepeoplefocusonthemselvesandkeepoutotherpeople.Whocanblamethem?Phonemeetingsgetcancelledorreformedandcamera-phonesintrudeonpeople’sprivacy.So,itisunderstandableifyourmobilemakesyounervous.Butperhapsyouneedn’tworrysomuch.Afterall,itisgoodtotalk.31.whenpeopleplantomeetnowadays,they______[A]arrangethemeetingplacebeforehand.[B]postponefixingtheplacetilllastminute.[C]seldomcareaboutwhenandwheretomeet.[D]stilllovetoworkoutdetailedmeetingplans.32.AccordingtothetwoBritishresearchers,thesocialandpsychologicaleffectaremostlylikelytobeseenon______[A]TALKERS[B]the“speakeasy”[C]the“spacemaker”[D]texters33.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthetextssentbytextersare______[A]quiterevealing[B]wellwritten[C]unacceptablebyothers  [D]shockingtoothers34.Accordingtothepassage,whoisafraidofbeingheardwhiletalkingonthemobile?[A]talkers[B]thespeakeasy [C]thespacemaker[D]texters35.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe______.[A]theSMSeffect[B]culturalimplicationofmobileuse[C]changeintheuseofthemobile [D]bodylanguageandthemobilephone!TEXTBOverthelast25years,Britishsocietyhaschangedagreatdeal-oratleastmanypartsofithave.Insomeways,however,verylittlehaschanged,particularlywhereattitudesareconcerned.Ideasaboutsocialclass-whetherapersonis“working-class”or“middle-class”-areoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow.Inthepast,theworking-classtendedtobepaidlessthanmiddle-classpeople,suchasteachersanddoctors.Asaresultofthisandalsoofthefactthatworkers’jobsweregenerallymuchlesssecure,distinctdifferencesinlife-stylesandattitudescameintoexistence.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved,havinggivenhiswifeher“housekeeping”,wouldgooutandsquandertherestonbeerandbetting.Thestereotypeofwhatamiddle-classmandidwithhismoneywasperhapsnearerthetruth.Hewas-andstillis—inclinedtotakealonger-termview.Notonlydidheregardbuyingahouseoftheseprovidedhimandhisfamilywithsecurity.Onlyinveryfewcasesdidworkershavetheopportunity（ortheeducationandtraining）tomakesuchlong-termplans.Nowadays,agreatdealhaschanged.Inalargenumberofcasesfactoryworkersearnasmuch,ifnotmore,thantheirmiddle-classsupervisors.Socialsecurityandlawstoimprovecentury,havemadeitlessnecessarythanbeforetoworryabout“tomorrow”.Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast.Infacttherehasbeenagrowingtendencyinthepastfewyearsforthemiddle-classestofeelslightlyashamedoftheirposition.Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople.Theygenerallytendtoshareverysimilartastesinmusicandclothes,theyspendtheirmoneyinhavingagoodtime,andsaveforholidaysorlonger-termplanswhennecessary.Thereseemstobemuchlessdifferencethaninpreciousgenerations.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid（whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave）andthelow-paid.Aslongasthisgapexists,therewillalwaysbeapossibilitythatnewconflictsandjealousieswillemerge,orratherthattheoldconflictswillre-appear,butbetweendifferentgroups.36.whichofthefollowingisseenasthecauseofclassdifferencesinthepast?[A]lifestyleandoccupation[B]Attitudeandincome[C]incomeandjobsecurity [D]jobsecurityandhobbies37.thewriterseemstosuggestthatthedescriptionof  isclosertotruth?[A]middle-classwaysofspendingmoney[B]working-classwaysofspendingtheweekend[C]working-classdrinkinghabits[D]middle-classattitudes38.accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnotatypicalfeatureofthemiddle-class?[A]desiringforsecurity  [B]Makinglongtermplans[C]havingprioritiesinlife [D]savingmoney39.working-classpeople’ssenseofsecurityincreasedasaresultofallthefollowingfactorsexcept?[A]bettersocialsecurity [B]morejobopportunities[C]higherlivingstandard [D]betterlegalprotection.40.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisincorrect?[A]ChangesareslowlytakingplaceinallsectorsoftheBritishsociety.[B]Thegapbetweenworking-classandmiddle-classyoungpeopleisnarrowing.[C]differenceinincomewillremainbutthoseinoccupationwilldisappear.[D]middle-classpeoplemaysometimesfeelinferiortoworking-classpeople.TEXTCForseveraldaysIsawlittleofMr.Rochester.Inthemorningheseemedmuchoccupiedwithbusiness,andintheafternoongentlemenfromtheneighourhoodcalledandsometimesstayedtodinewithhim.Whenhisfootwaswellenough,herodeoutagreatdeal.Duringthistime,allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimitedtooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse,whenhewouldsometimespassmecoldly,andsometimesbowandsmile.Hischangesofmannerdidnotoffendme,becauseIsawthatIhadnothingtodowiththecauseofthem.Oneevening,severaldayslater,IwasinvitedtotalktoMr.Rochesterafterdinner.Hewassittinginhisarmchair,andlookednotquitesosevere,andmuchlessgloomy.Therewasasmileonhislips,andhiseyeswerebright,probablywithwine.AsIwaslookingathim,hesuddenlyturned,andaskedme,“doyouthinkI’mhandsome,MissEyre?”TheanswersomehowslippedfrommytonguebeforeIrealizedit:‘No,sir.”“ah,youreallyareunusual!Youareaquiet,seriouslittleperson,butyoucanbealmostrude.”“Sir,I’msorry.Ishouldhavesaidthatbeautydoesn’tmatter,orsomethinglikethat,”“no,youshouldn’t!Isee,youcriticizemyappearance,andthenyoustabmeintheback!Youhavehonestyandfeeling.Therearenotmanygirlslikeyou.ButperhapsIgotoofast.PerhapsyouhaveawfulfaultstocounterbalanceyourfewgoodpointsIthoughttomyselfthathemighthavetoo.Heseemedtoreadmymind,andsaidquickly,”yes,you’reright.Ihaveplentyoffaults.IwentthewrongwaywhenIwastwenty-one,andhaveneverfoundtherightpathagain.Imighthavebeenverydifferent.Imighthavebeenasgoodasyou,andperhapswiser.Iamnotabadman,takemywordforit,butIhavedonewrong.Itwasn’tmycharacter,butcircumstanceswhichweretoblame.WhydoItellyouallthis?Becauseyou’rethesortofpersonpeopletelltheirproblemsandsecretsto,becauseyou’resympatheticandgivethemhope.”Itseemedhehadquitealottotalktome.Hedidn’tseemtoliketofinishthetalkquickly,aswasthecaseforthefirsttime.“Don’tbeafraidofme,MissEyre.”Hecontinued.“Youdon’trelaxorlaughverymuch,perhapsbecauseoftheeffectLowoodschoolhashadonyou.Butintimeyouwillbemorenaturalwithme,andlaugh,andspeakfreely.You’relikeabirdinacage.Whenyougetoutofthecage,you’llflyveryhigh.Goodnight.”41.atthebeginningmissEyre’simpressionsofMr.Rochesterwereallexcept______.[A]busy [B]sociable[C]friendly [D]changeable42.in“……andallmyknowledgeofhimwaslimitedtooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse,…”.theword“about”means______.[A]around [B]on [C]outside[D]concerning.43.whydidMr.Rochestersay“……andthenyoustabmeintheback!”（7thpara.）?[A]becauseJanehadintendedtokillhimwithaknife.[B]becauseJanehadintendedtobemorecritical.[C]becauseJanehadregrettedhavingtalkedtohim.[D]becauseJanehadsaidsomethingelsetocorrectherself.44.fromwhatMr.RochesttoldMissEyre,wecanconcludethathewantedto______.[A]Tellherallhistroubles  [B]tellherhislifeexperience.[C]changeheropinionofhim  [D]changehiscircumstances45.attheendofthepassage,Mr.Rochestersounded______.[A]rude[B]cold [C]friendly [D]encouraging.TEXT DTheidealcompanionmachine-thecomputer-wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesthatmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser’slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.46.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?[A]Activeincommunication [B]Attractiveinpersonality[C]Enjoyableinperformance [D]unpredictableinbehaviour47.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina（n）______way.[A]quick[B]unpredictable [C]productive[D]inconspicuous48.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?[A]Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.[B]Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.[C]Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson’slife.[D]Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.49Throughoutthepassage,theauthoris______inhisattitudetowardthecomputer.[A]favorable[B]critical [C]vague[D]hesitant50.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?[A]ArtificialRelationships.[B]HowtoFormIntimateRelationships.[C]TheAffectionateMachine. [D]HumansandComputers.TextEThousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumentterms,formanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry,butwhichwasalso,intime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofLight.Asweallknow,lightishot;anysourceoflight—fromthesunitselfdowntoahumblematchburning—willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamsshowedresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnowpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingthefrontoftheeye,simplybypassingalaserbeamrightthroughtheeyeball.Noknives,nostitches(刀口縫合),nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogether,tomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanbetreatedmedically.51.Upuntilthe1960stheinstrumentsusedtoperformsurgicaloperationswere______.[A]fashionable[B]extraordinary [C]special [D]basic52.Afterthedevelopmentofthelaserinthe1960s,wefindthat______.[A]medicalhelpbecameavailableforindustrialworkers.[B]thestudyofartwentthroughacompleterevolution.[C]moreandmoresurgeonsbeganusingsurgicalinstruments.[D]man’swholeapproachtosurgerychangedcompletely53.Thelaserbeamissostrongbecause______.[A]itiscomposedofaconcentratedbeamoflight[B]itsheatisincreasedbytheheatofthesun[C]itcanbepluggedintoanordinarylightfitting[D]itsendsoutheatinmanydifferentdirections54.Surgeonscannowcarryoutoperationswhich______[A]canbeperformedsuccessfullyonlyonthehumaneye[B]resultinlongperiodsofrecoverytimeforpatients[C]aremademuchmorecomplicatedbyusingthelaserbeam[D]resultinverylittledamagetothepatientsthemselves55.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniqueshasmeantthat______[A]inanothertenyearsweshallbeabletocurecancer[B]surgeryislikelytoimproveconsiderably[C]weshallbeabletotreatallthediseaseswesufferfrom[D]wearenowabletotreatmostformsofcancerPartIII Cloze(20scores;oneforeach)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet withasinglelinethroughthecentre.IntheUnitedStates,olderpeoplerarelylivewiththeiradultchildren.Butinmanyothercultureschildrenareexpectedtocare(56)  theiragedparents.InsomepartsofItaly,thepercentageofadultchildrenwho(57)  withtheirparents(58)  65to70percent.InThailand,too,childrenareexpectedtocarefortheirelderlyparents;fewThaielderlylive(59)  56.[A]about  [B]after  [C]for [D]over57.[A]reside [B]recite [C]redeem[D]rebel58.[A]amasses  [B]amounts [C]attains[D]reaches59.[A]lone   [B]alone  [C]lonesome  [D]lonelyWhatexplainsthesedifferencesinlivingarrangements(60)  cultures?Modernizationtheory(61)  theextendedfamilyhouseholdtolowlevelsofeconomicdevelopment.Intraditionalsocieties,theelderlylivewiththeirchildreninlargeextendedfamilyunitsforeconomicreasons.Butwithmodernization,childrenmovetourbanareas,leavingoldpeople(62)  in(63)  ruralareas.YetmodernizationtheorycannotexplainwhyextendedfamilyhouseholdswerenevercommonintheUnitedStatesorEngland,orwhyfamiliesinItaly,whichisfullymodernized,(64)  astrongtraditionofintergenerationalliving.Clearly,economicdevelopmentalonecannotexplain(65)  livingarrangements.60.[A]over [B]across[C]within  [D]above61.[A]associated[B]linked[C]united[D]combined62.[A]aside [B]after [C]over[D]behind63.[A]isolated  [B]segregated [C]idealized [D]secluded64.[A]maintain [B]promote [C]reserve   [D]support65.[A]appointed  [B]assigned  [C]preserved  [D]preferredAnothertheoryassociatedintergenerationallivingarrangementswithinheritancepatterns.Insomecultures,thestemfamilypatternofinheritance(66)  .(67)  thissystem,parentslivewithamarriedchild,usuallytheoldestson,whothen(68) &