英語句子成分劃分的基本概述附配套練習(xí)和答案

英語句子成分

定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主語和謂語次要成分：表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語、同位語ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主語：句子的主體Students

studyEnglish.

Smokingisbadforhealth.Whathehassaidistrue.從句做主語（主語從句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It是形式主語，從句that...tree才是真正主語）（主語從句）練習(xí)：劃出句中主語Thesunrisesintheeast.

Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.

Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.

Toseeistobelieve.

Whatheneedsisabook.謂語：動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞詞組簡單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如：Students

studyEnglish2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：HecanspeakEnglish.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.練習(xí)：選出下列句子中的謂語

I

don't

like

the

picture

on

the

wall.

I

usually

go

to

school

by

bus.

Did

the

twins

have

porridge

for

their

breakfast?

Tom

didn't

do

his

homework

yesterday.

What

I

want

to

tell

you

is

this.

We

had

better

send

for

a

doctor.

He

is

interested

in

music.

HecanspeakEnglishwell.

表語：系動(dòng)詞后面的成分名詞作表語Iamastudent.Myfatherisateacher.形容詞作表語This

table

is

long.Youlookyoung.It

gets

cold.It

sounds

interesting.副詞作表語Everyoneishere.

介詞短語作表語Theyareinthepark.不定式作表語MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.

動(dòng)名詞作表語Herjobistrainingthenurses.

從句作表語（表語從句）Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.系動(dòng)詞：(1)狀態(tài):be動(dòng)詞(2)持續(xù)：表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度,主要有keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand.(3)表像：表示“看起來好像”,主要有seem,appear,look(4)感官：表示“……起來”,有feel（摸起來,感覺）,smell（聞起來）,sound（聽起來）,taste（嘗起來,吃起來）等(5)變化：表示主語變成什么樣,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run(6)終止：主要有prove,turnout（結(jié)果是,證明是）等.如：

Hisstoryprovedfalse.他講的情況原來是假的.

Myintuitionturnedouttobecorrect.我的直覺證明是對(duì)的.練習(xí)：劃出句中表語Thespeechisexciting.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mtiredtoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelsad.That’swhyhecamehere.賓語：動(dòng)作承受者名/代詞作賓語Heneverforgivesothers.Heoftenhelpsme.

不定式作賓語Helikestosleepintheopenair.

動(dòng)名詞作賓語TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina.

從句做賓語（賓語從句）Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime.WefounditnecessarytostudyEnglish.（it形式賓語，todo是真正賓語）賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指物,間接賓語指人.Pleasepassmethebook.（me是間接賓語，thebook是直接賓語）練習(xí)：劃出句中賓語Showyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.句子成分劃分課后鞏固練習(xí)題1.

The

students

got

on

the

school

bus.

2.

He

handed

me

the

newspaper.

3.

I

shall

answer

your

question

after

class.

4.

His

job

is

to

train

swimmers.

5.

He

took

many

photos

in

Beijing.

6.

His

wish

is

to

become

a

scientist.

7.

Hetoldmethathisbrotherisaworld-famousdoctor.8.

He

found

it

important

to

master

English.

9.

He

sat

there,

reading

a

newspaper.

10.

The

apples

tasted

sweet.

11.

My

grandfather

bought

me

a

pair

of

sports

shoes.

12.I

love

you．

13.

Trees

turn

green

when

spring

comes.

14.

Grandma

told

me

an

interesting

story

last

night.

15.

Lily

is

cleaning

the

desk

now.

16.

Her

garden

is

the

best

in

our

town

17.

We

heard

her

singing

a

song.18.

I

like

this

book

very

much.

19.

The

girl

on

the

blue

bike

is

Jane’s

sister.

20.

She

didn’t

come

to

my

party

because

she

was

ill.

21.

Wang

Ping

does

his

homework

carefully.

22.

We

will

go

to

the

Children’s

Palace

once

a

week.

23.

They

are

in

the

classroom.

24.

We

enjoy

listening

to

the

music.

25.

I

see

her

dance.

26.

We

always

go

to

school

early.

27.I

always

find

her

happy

28.The

children

bought

their

parents

a

car

29.He

likes

to

play

basketball.30.YesterdayItalkedtomyEnglishteacher,Mr.James.隨堂練習(xí)參考答案：主語：Thesunrisesintheeast.

Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.

Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.

Toseeistobelieve.

Whatheneedsisabook.謂語：

I

don't

like

the

picture

on

the

wall.

I

usually

go

to

school

by

bus.

Tom

didn't

do

his

homework

yesterday.

What

I

want

to

tell

you

is

this.

We

had

better

send

for

a

doctor.

He

is

interested

in

music.

HecanspeakEnglishwell.表語：Thespeechisexciting.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mtiredtoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelsad.That’swhyhecamehere.賓語：Showyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?Isucceededinpassingtheexam.賓補(bǔ)：She

likes

the

children

to

read

newspapers

and

books

in

the

reading-room.

He

asks

her

to

take

the

boy

out

of

school.

She

find

it

difficult

to

do

the

work.

They

call

me

Lily

sometimes.

I

saw

Mr.

Wang

get

on

the

bus.

定語

：Heisacleverboy.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknowBetty’ssister?Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?同位語：Mrs.Brown,John'smotherisakindlady.（主語）Wordcamethatherhusbandwaskilledinanaccident.（主語）Iamsorrytohearthenewsthathisgrandfatherisdead.（賓語）狀語：Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseu