聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織：農(nóng)業(yè)與林業(yè)的聯(lián)系 Agriculture and forestry linkages

May2022

COAG/2022/12

E

COMMITTEEONAGRICULTURE

Twenty-eighthSession

18-22July2022

Agricultureandforestrylinkages

ExecutiveSummary

Atits164thand165thSessionstheFAOCouncilrequestedFAO“toshowcaseandpromoteexistingandcomplementarypracticesbetweenagricultureactivitiesandtheconservation,restorationandsustainableuseofforests,avoidingdeforestationandmaintainingecosystemservices,notingthatagricultureandforestrycansynergisticallysupportsustainabledevelopment”.

i

ItalsosuggestedthattheCommitteeonForestry(COFO)“reviewthedriversoftheexpansionofagriculturallandinlightofsustainableforestmanagement”,

ii

andrequested“strengtheningcoordinationbetweenCOFOandCOAGoncross-sectoralmatters,andrecommendedthatfuturepapersdealingwithinter-relatedissuesbetweenagricultureandforestsbepresentedtobothCOFOandCOAG”.

iii

Thisdocumentwillbepresentedtothe28thsessionoftheCommitteeonAgriculture(COAG)andthe26thSessionofCOFO.Ithighlightsopportunitiesforcloserintegrationbetweentheagricultureandforestrysectorsinordertoaddressglobalchallenges,includingendinghunger,haltingdeforestation,andcombattingclimatechange,landdegradationanddesertification,andbiodiversityloss.Acceleratedprogressisessential,andonecriticalareaforactionistheneedforamoreintegratedapproachtoagricultureandforestry,socialandeconomicpolicies,andsocialprotectioninparticular.SpecialattentionwillbegiventoIndigenousPeoplesasrightandknowledgeholders,whoareguardiansof80percentofourplanet’sbiodiversityand11percentoftheworld’sforests

1

.

Drawingonthelatestevidenceanddataonlandusechange,thisdocumentprovidesanoverviewofthemultiplelinkagesbetweentheagricultureandforestsectors,includingcommonchallengesandopportunities.Itstressestheneedforacross-sectoralapproachandtheimportanceofscalingupinnovativeapproachesrequiredtoachievetransformationtowardsmoresustainableagrifoodsystems,includingforestry,toachievetheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs),andhighlightsexamplesfromrelevaIntFAOinitiatives.

1WorldBank.2008.TheRoleofIndigenousPeoplesinBiodiversityConservationtheNaturalbutOftenForgottenPartners.Washington,D.C.Cited19September2021./curated/en/995271468177530126/pdf

Documentscanbeconsultedat

NJ009

2COAG/2022/12

SuggestedactionbytheCommittee

TheCommitteeisinvitedto:

?recommendFAOtofurtheridentifyopportunitiestoimprovecomplementaritybetweentheagricultureandforestsectors,strengthencoordinatedpolicyresponsesinaddressingcommonchallenges,andimproveunderstandingofsynergiesandtrade-offsbetweenagricultureandforestry;

?callonFAOtocontinuetocollectandanalysenecessarydataandevidence,includingonthedirectandunderlyingdriversofdeforestationandlanddegradation,byfurtherenhancingconsistencybetweenagriculturalandforestdatasets,andbycompilingcasestudiesandbestpractices,andtoreportbacktothenextrespectivesessionsofCOFO27andCOAG29;

?inviteFAOtoconduct,subjecttoavailableextra-budgetaryresources,aglobalassessmentofthestatusandscaling-uppotentialofagroforestry,buildingon,improvingandintegratingmethodologiesrelatedtomeasuringtheextentandstatusofagroforestryandtreesonagriculturalland,andtoreportonprogresstothenextrespectivesessionsofCOFO27andCOAG29;and

?encourageFAOtocontinueplayinganactiveroleinrelevantinternationalfora,bypromotingopendialogueonenhancingsustainableproductionandreducingtheenvironmentalimpactofagrifoodsystems.

TheCommitteemaywishtoinviteMembersto:

?promotegreaterandinclusivepolicycoherencebetweentheagricultureandforestsectors,includingthroughintegratedlanduseplanningandlandscapeapproaches,withaspecialfocusonwomen,youthandIndigenousPeoples;

?supportsmall-scaleproducers,includingyouthandwomen,familyfarmers,localcommunities,IndigenousPeoplesandproducerorganizations,bysafeguardingaccesstolandwhilstenhancingaccesstoresourcesandmarketsandcontributingtosustainableandgender-responsivevaluechains.Thismaybeachieved,asappropriate,throughthedevelopmentofclearandconsistentlegalframeworks;recognitionofcustomaryrightstonaturalresources;andprovisionofequalopportunitiestowomenandmen;

?enhancemainstreamingofbiodiversityintheagricultureandforestrysectorsbypromotingsustainableagroforestrypractices,landrestorationanddevelopmentofsustainableagriculturalandforestryproductsvaluechains;and

?strengthenextensionservicesthattakeaholisticapproachtopromotesustainableagrifoodsystems,agroforestryandsustainableforestmanagementinanintegratedandinclusivemanner,whilecombatingclimatechangeandusingbiodiversityinasustainableway.

Queriesonthesubstantivecontentofthedocumentmaybeaddressedto:

MsBethBechdol

DeputyDirector-General

Tel.+390657051800

MsMariaHelenaSemedo

DeputyDirector-General

Tel.+390657052060

COAG/2022/123

I.Introduction

1.Atits164thand165thSessions,theFAOCouncilrequestedFAO“toshowcaseandpromoteexistingandcomplementarypracticesbetweenagricultureactivitiesandtheconservation,restorationandsustainableuseofforests,avoidingdeforestationandmaintainingecosystemservices,notingthatagricultureandforestrycansynergisticallysupportsustainabledevelopment”.

iv

ItalsosuggestedthattheCommitteeonForestry(COFO)“reviewthedriversoftheexpansionofagriculturallandinthelightofsustainableforestmanagement”,

v

andrequested“strengtheningcoordinationbetweenCOFOandCOAGoncross-sectoralmatters,andrecommendedthatfuturepapersdealingwithinter-relatedissuesbetweenagricultureandforestsbepresentedtobothCOFOandCOAG”.

vi

2.Thepurposeofthisdocumentistohighlightopportunitiesforcloserintegrationbetweentheagricultureandforestrysectorsinordertoaddressglobalchallenges,includinghungerandmalnutrition,povertyandinequalities,climatechange,landdegradation,andbiodiversityloss.Itwillbepresentedtothe28thsessionoftheCommitteeonAgriculture(COAG)andthe26thSessionofCOFO.

II.Commonchallengesfacingagricultureandforestry

3.Hunger,malnutritionandtheCOVID-19pandemic.DespiteeffortstoachieveSDG2(ZeroHunger),hungerandmalnutritioninallitsformsareontherise.Aboutone-tenthoftheglobalpopulation–upto811millionpeople–wereundernourishedin2020,around15percentmorethanin

2019.ThechallengeshavegrownwiththeCOVID-19pandemicandrelatedcontainmentmeasures,whichhavehighlyaffectedwomen.Therearealsoseriousregionaldisparities,withabout21percentofthepopulationfacinghungerinAfrica,9.1percentinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean,and9.0percentinAsia.

2

Itisestimatedthatby2050foodproductionwillhavetoincreasebyover50percent,comparedto2012,tomeetprojecteddemands.

3

ThisneedstobeachievedwithoutlimitingprogresstowardotherSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs),includingthoserelatingtogenderequality(SDG5),water(SDG6),energy(SDG7),climateaction(SDG13),andterrestrialecosystems(SDG15).

4.Climatechange.Climatechangeisadverselyaffectingagrifoodsystems,includingforestsandothernaturalresources,andisexacerbatinghungerandpoverty.TheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)andtheParisAgreement’sgoalstolimitglobalwarmingwillnotbemetwithoutsignificantreductionsingreenhousegas(GHG)emissions.

4

Approximately23percentoftotalanthropogenicGHGemissions(from2007to2016)derivedfromagriculture,forestryandotherlanduse,notablythroughdeforestation.

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Haltingdeforestation,restoringdegradedforestsandpromotingsustainablelandmanagementcanprovideuptoone-thirdofclimatemitigationneededbetweennowand2030,tostabilizeglobalwarmingbelow1.5°C

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whilebuildingresilienceandsupportingadaptationtoclimatechangeimpacts.TheKoroniviaJointWorkonAgricultureundertheUNFCCCacknowledgestheuniqueroleofagricultureandisfocusingonadaptation,soils,nutrientuse,livestock,andthesocio-economicandfoodsecuritydimensionsofclimatechangeacrosstheagriculturalsectors.

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5.Biodiversityloss.Biodiversityiskeytofoodsecurityandnutrition.Theagriculturalsectorsarecriticallydependentonbiodiversityandhavethepotentialtocontributetoitsprotection.Sustainableagricultureandsustainableforestryarekeytoreversingtrendsthatleadtobiodiversityloss,damaged

2FAO.2021.TheStateofFoodSecurityandNutritionintheWorld2021.

/3/cb4474en/online/cb4474en.html

3FAO.2018.Thefutureoffoodandagriculture–Alternativepathwaysto2050.Rome.

/3/I8429EN/i8429en.pdf

4IPCC.2021.SixthAssessmentReport.SummaryforPolicyMakersB.1.

https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Headline_Statements.pdf

5IPCC.2019.SpecialReportonClimateChangeandLand.

https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/chapter/technical-

summary

6C2021/28,para38

/3/nf649en/nf649en.pdf

7FCCC/CP/2017/11/Add.1,4/CP.23

4COAG/2022/12

ecosystems,deforestation,andtheoveralldegradationofnaturalresources.Forestshaveafundamentalroleinhelpingtorealizeambitionstohaltbiodiversitylossglobally.

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However,deforestationandforestdegradationcontinuetotakeplaceatalarmingrates,resultinginsignificantlossofbiodiversity.

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6.Across-sectoralapproachandconcertedactionareneededtoaddressthecommonchallengesfacingtheagricultureandforestrysectors.TheUNSecretary-General’sChairSummaryandStatementofActionofthe2021UNFoodSystemsSummithighlightedtheurgentneedforasystemsapproach.

10

The2021GlasgowLeaders’DeclarationonForestsandLandUseattheUNFCCCConferenceofPartiesCOP26emphasizedthecriticalandinterdependentrolesofforestsofalltypes,biodiversityandsustainablelanduseinenablingtheworldtomeetclimategoalsandtheSDGs.

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TheUNConventiontoCombatDesertification(UNCCD)tooknoteoftheVoluntaryGuidelinesontheResponsibleGovernanceofTenureofLand,FisheriesandForestsintheContextofNationalFoodSecurity(VGGT),

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andoftherolethatIndigenousPeoples’knowledgecanplayinthecontextofnationalfoodsecurity,andrecognizedtheirpotentialcontributiontotheeffectiveimplementationoftheUNCCD2018?2030StrategicFramework.TheCOP15oftheConventiononBiologicalDiversity(CBD)isexpectedtoadoptaPost-2020GlobalBiodiversityFramework(P2020GBF),whichwillsetthedirectionforglobalactiononbiodiversityoverthenextdecadeandbeyond.ThefirstdraftoftheP2020GBFincludesgoals,targets,andindicatorstoreducethreatstobiodiversity,enhancethesustainableuseofbiodiversity,andensurethefairandequitablesharingofbenefitsfromtheuseofgeneticresources.ManyofthesetargetsarecloselyrelatedtoFAO’smandate,inparticularinagricultureandforestry.

III.Opportunitiesforimprovingcomplementarity

Interconnectionsbetweenagricultureandforestry

7.Therearemultiplelinkagesbetweenagrifoodsystems,includingforests.Inmanyruralareas,farmersworkinbothagricultureandforestry,andaround40percentofallagriculturallandshaveover

10percenttreecover.

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Forestsandtreesofferecosystemservicesthatarecrucialforagriculture:theyareintegraltothewatercycle;theyhelpreducesoilerosionandenhancenutrientcycling;theyprovidehabitatforpollinators;theycreateshadeandshelterfromwindandsandstorms,andtheyprovidesupplementaryfeedforlivestock.Forestandtreeproductsimprovefoodsecuritybyprovidingincome,aswellasfoodproductsofhighnutritionalvalue,andthiscanbevitalforthepoorestandmostvulnerable.

14

IndigenousPeoples’territoriescover28percentoftheworld’slandsurface,harbour80percentoftheplanet’sbiodiversity

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andintersectwith40percentofallterrestrialprotectedareasandecologicallyintactlandscapes(forexample,borealandtropicalprimaryforests,savannasandmarshes.

16

Inaddition,around2.4billionpeopleusefirewoodorcharcoalforcookingtheirfood:thosemostdependentonwoodfuelareoftenvulnerablegroupsindevelopingcountries.

17

Itisestimatedthat60

8MillenniumEcosystemAssessment,page79.

/documents/document.273.aspx.pdf

9C2021/28,para35

/3/nf649en/nf649en.pdf

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/en/food-systems-summit/news/making-food-systems-work-people-planet-and-prosperity

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/glasgow-leaders-declaration-on-forests-and-land-use

12

/3/i2801e/i2801e.pdf

13Zomer,R.Jetal.2009.Treesonfarm:analysisofglobalextentandgeographicalpatternsofagroforestry.ICRAFWorkingPaper89.Nairobi,Kenya,WorldAgroforestryCentre.

14FAO.2018StateoftheWorld’sForests2018,page15./documents/card/en/c/I9535EN/.

15WorldBank.2008.TheRoleofIndigenousPeoplesinBiodiversityConservationtheNaturalbutOftenForgottenPartners.Washington,D.C.Cited19September2021./curated/

en/995271468177530126/pdf

16Garnett,S.T.,Burgess,N.D.,Fa,J.E.,Fernández-Llamazares,á.,Molnár,Z.,Robinson,C.J.,Watson,J.E.M.etal.2018.AspatialoverviewoftheglobalimportanceofIndigenouslandsforconservation.NatureSustainability,1(7):369–374.

/articles/s41893-018-0100-6

17FAO.2018.StateoftheWorld’sForests2018,pages22-24.

/documents/card/en/c/I9535EN

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millionIndigenousPeoplesrelyonvariousforestecosystems,whicharepartoftheirfoodsystemsandarealsohighlysusceptibletotheeffectsofclimatechange.

8.Themaintrade-offbetweenagricultureandforestsrelatestocompetitionforland.Since1990,anestimated420millionhectaresofforesthavebeenlostthroughdeforestation.

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Thefirstfindings

fromtheFAOGlobalRemoteSensingSurvey

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revealedthat,overtheperiodfrom2000to2018,agricultureremainedthemaindriverofdeforestationinallregionsexceptEurope,whereurbanandinfrastructuredevelopmenthadmoreimpact.Theseresultsindicatethatagriculturalexpansiondrivesalmost90percentofglobaldeforestation:52.3percentofforestlossisduetoconversionintocropland,37.5percentisduetolivestockgrazing,5.6percentisduetourbanandinfrastructuredevelopment,and4.6percentisduetoothercauses.

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Indirect,underlyingdriversofforestlossincludepopulationgrowth,changingincomelevels,insecurelandtenureandineffectivelandusegovernance.

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Furthermore,wideevidenceshowsthatwomenaresignificantlydisadvantagedcomparedtomenwithregardtotheirlandrightsforalldimensionsassociatedwithagriculturalland(ownership,management,transferandeconomicrights)

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.Globally,about15percentofalllandholdersarewomen,withsignificantdifferencesbetweenregions

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.

Needforpolicycoherenceandintegratedlanduseplanning

9.IncreasingagrifoodproductivitywithoutrestrictingprogresstowardsotherSDGsrequirespolicycoherence,effectivegovernanceandtheuseofappropriatepolicytoolsthattargettheunderlyingcausesofunsustainablepracticesandexistinginequalities.Manysectoralpolicies,suchasthoserelatingtowater,energy,builtinfrastructure,andagrifoodsystems,includingforestry,havemajorimplicationsforlanduseandmustbealignedwithpoliciesaddressingotherSDGs.Conservationmeasurescanalsoimplytrade-offswithpovertyreductionefforts.

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Toachievethenecessarypolicycoherence,stronginstitutionalcoordinationisneeded,bothhorizontally(betweendifferentnationalgovernmentministriesandagencies)andvertically(betweennationalandsub-nationallevelsandstakeholders).

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10.Integratedlanduseplanningisessential,withacross-sectoralapproachthatbringstogethermultiplestakeholderstoidentifyneedsandbalancetrade-offs.Theactiveengagementofallrelevantstakeholdersisessentialforsecuringcommitmenttoeffectiveimplementation.

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Therightsofallstakeholders,includingwomen,youthandIndigenousPeoples,mustberespectedthroughoutthedevelopmentandimplementationoflandusepolicies,programmesandplans.

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Needforbetterdataandevidence

11.Effectiveuseofdataandevidenceisnecessarytoinformdecisionsandcatalysesupportforaninclusiveandequitabletransformationoftheagricultureandforestrysectors.ImportantsourcesofdataincludetheFAOSTAT

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statisticsonagriculturalandforestsproductsandtheGlobalForest

18GlobalForestResourcesAssessment2020.Keyfindings,page4.

/3/ca8753en/ca8753en.pdf

19

/3/cb7449en/cb7449en.pdf

20FAO.2021.FAORemoteSensingSurvey.

/3/cb7449en/cb7449en.pdf

.

/newsroom/detail/cop26-agricultural-expansion-drives-almost-90-percent-of-global-

deforestation/en

21FAO.2016.StateoftheWorld’sForests,pages20-22.

/publications/sofo/2016/en

22FAO.2018.TheGenderGapinLandRights.

/3/I8796EN/i8796en.pdf

23FAO.2018.TheGenderGapinLandRights.

/3/I8796EN/i8796en.pdf

24Davis,B.,Lipper,L.&Winters,P.2022.Donottransformfoodsystemsonthebacksoftheruralpoor.FoodSec.

/10.1007/s12571-021-01214-3

25OECD(OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment).2020.TowardsSustainableLandUse:AligningBiodiversity,ClimateandFoodPolicies.OECDPublishing.Paris.

/10.1787/3809b6a1-en

26FAO.2021.TheStateoftheWorld’sLandandWaterResourcesforFoodandAgriculture,pp44-52.

/3/cb7654en/cb7654en.pdf

27SeeVoluntaryGuidelinesontheResponsibleGovernanceofTenure.

/3/i2801e/i2801e.pdf

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/faostat/en/#home

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ResourcesAssessments(FRA).

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Thereis,however,aneedforfurtheranalyticalworkon:thedriversofchangeinlanduseandforestloss;thesynergiesbetweenagricultureandforestryatthelandscapeandfarmlevels;andthevalueofforestfoods.Moreeffortsshouldalsobemadetoenhancetheconsistencyofagriculturalandforestdatasets,suchasthoserelatingtogloballanduseandproduction,includinglandandwater,andtoensurethatdataismadewidelyavailableinaneasy-to-usemannerthroughopen-access,on-linedatabases.TheFAOHand-in-HandInitiativeasanevidence-based,country-led,andcountry-ownedinitiativetoaccelerateagriculturaltransformationandsustainableruraldevelopment.Itsgeospatialplatformofferstoolstocombineactionsonagriculture,forestryandotherareas,usingintegratedgeospatial,bio-physicalandsocio-economicdata.

Needforscalingupinnovativeapproaches

12.Capacitydevelopmentmayberequiredtoinclusivelyandequallyprovidethetechnical,financialandinstitutionalsupportnecessaryforscalinguptheinnovativeapproachesthatwillincreasesustainablefoodproductionandbuildresilience.Thisentailsthefollowingkeyelements:continuedinvestmentinresearchanddevelopment;disseminationofknowledge,includingtraditionalknowledge,throughextensionservices;policyimplementation;andstrengtheningofforestandfarmproducerorganizations.Thelatteraimstoaddvaluetoagricultureandforestproducts,developmarketsandfacilitateaccesstofinance,andensureadequaterepresentationofwomenandyouth.

13.Lookingahead,thereisaneedtodevelopandscaleupmoresustainableagrifoodsystems,drawingonthepotentialofinnovationforsustainableagriculturalproduction.Someofthetechnologiesthathelpedachievesignificantincreasesinagriculturalproductivityoverthepast50years,suchasundertheGreenRevolution,ledtounintendedenvironmentalandsocialimpacts.Advancesinagriculturalresearchhavebroadenedthetechnicalpaletteforlandandwatermanagement,andoptionsforfarmersnowinclude:conservationagriculture;reductionofsyntheticchemicalinputs;increaseproductionofhighvalue,nutrient-densecrops;agroecologicalapproaches;superiorandadaptedplantandanimalgeneticresources;improvedlivestockmanagement,includingappropriatefeeding,animalhealthandwelfaremeasures;applicationofinclusivedigital-technologysolutions;andeffectiveuseoftraditionalknowledge.

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14.Restoringdegradedterrestrialecosystemsforsustainablefoodproductionconstitutesapriorityatinternationalandnationallevels.TheBonnChallengehasreceivedpledgesfromover60countriestorestore350millionhectaresofdegradedanddeforestedlandscapesby2030,and115countrieshavemadecommitmentstorestoreover1billionhectaresundertheUNDecadeonEcosystemRestoration(2021-2030).Theselandscaperestorationinitiativeswillcreateopportunitiestoincreasetheavailabilityoflandforsustainableagriculturalproductionwithinamosaicoflanduses.

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TheP2020GBFwillincludeaspecifictargetontherestorationofdegradedecosystems.Accesstosocialprotectioncanplayakeyroleinfosteringsustainablenaturalresourcemanagementpractices.

15.Agroforestryincludesawiderangeofland-usesystemswheretrees(andotherwoodyperennials)aremanagedinconjunctionwithagriculturalcropsorlivestock,orboth.

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Agroforestrysystemscanhelpincreasebiodiversity,conservesoils,enhanceagriculturalyieldsandstrengthen

29

/forest-resources-assessment/en/

30CFS2021/48/2,Policyrecommendationsonagroecologicalandotherinnovativeapproachesforsustainableagricultureandfoodsystemsthatenhancefoodsecurityandnutrition.

/3/nf777en/nf777en.pdf

31FAO.2021.TheStateoftheWorld’sLandandWaterResourcesforFoodandAgriculture,page43,

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/conservation-agriculture/en

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/3/cb2186en/CB2186EN.pdf

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/digital-agriculture/en

35FAO&CIRAD(Centredecoopérationinternationaleenrechercheagronomiquepourledéveloppement).2021.Fruitandvegetables–Opportunitiesandchallengesforsmall-scalesustainablefarming.

/documents/card/en/c/cb4173en

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/10.1007/s12571-019-00970-7

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/news-and-

stories/story/panel-unveils-10-guiding-principles-campaign-revive-earth

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/forestry/agroforestry/80338/en

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livelihoodresilienceofmenandwomenfarmersandforestdwellers.

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Achievingthesebenefitsisdependentuponskilledmanagementandthenecessaryenablingconditions,includingsecuretenureforbothlandandtreesandaccesstocapitalandmarkets.

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Toprovideasolidevidencebaseinsupportofcountries’effortstoscaleupsustainableagroforestry,thereisaneedformorecomprehensiveinformationontheglobalextent,statusandbenefitsofagroforestry,anditsscaling-uppotential.

16.Agrosilvopastoralsystemsareatypeofagroforestrywherelivestockareintegratedwithcrops,pasturesandtreesorshrubswithinthesamelandscape.Thesesystemscanbeparticularlyimportantforfoodsecurityandnutrition,livelihoodsandresilienceindrylands,wheresuitablegrazingmanagementandhusbandrypracticescanhelppreventdegradationanddesertification.

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,

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In2020,COAGendorsedtheGlobalProgrammeonSustainableDrylandAgriculture

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whichaimsatempoweringsmall-scaleproducersindrylandzonesbypromotinginnovationsincrop,soil,water,livestock,fisheriesandforestmanagement.Meanwhile,throughtheGrazingwithtreesinitiative,FAOisdrawinguponfarmers’andpastoralists’knowledgetoenhancetheroleofagrosilvopastoralsystemsinpromotingfoodsecurityandrestoringdrylandforestsandrangelands,andisprovidingrelatedguidance.

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17.Continuedmainstreamingofbiodiversityisakeyareaforactioninboththeagricultureandforestrysectors.TheFAOStrategyonMainstreamingBiodiversityacrossAgriculturalSectors

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adoptedin2019andits2021-23ActionPlanforitsImplementation

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recognizethatachievingfoodsecurityandnutritionforalldependsonbiodiversity.TheStrategywasdevelopedtoreducethenegativeimpactsofunsustainableagriculturalpracticesonbiodiversity,topromoteatransitiontosustainableagriculturalpractices,andtoconserve,enhance,preserveandrestorebiodiversity.TheActionPlanofferstechnicalandpolicysupportforMemberstodevelopandimplementtheirownnormativeandstandard-settinginstrumentsrelatedtobiodiversity,andtoincreaseknowledgesharingandthe