河南省黃河流域生物多樣性保護戰(zhàn)略與行動計劃

BiodiversityStrategyandActionPlanintheYellowRiverBasininHenan

Province河南省黃河流域生物多樣性保護戰(zhàn)略與行動計劃（2024-2030年）目錄CONTENTS123生物多樣性保護戰(zhàn)略和行動計劃StrategyofBiodiversityConservationandAction

Plan45河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護優(yōu)先區(qū)域PriorityAreasofBiodiversity

Conservation介紹Introduction 河南黃河流域生物多樣性價值和保護狀況BiodiversityValuesand

Conservation生物多樣性保護面臨的挑戰(zhàn)Challengesforbiodiversity

conservation介紹Introduction河

南

黃

河

流

域

位

于

河

南

省

中

北

部

，

地

理

坐

標

在

東

經(jīng)110°21′~116°6′，北緯33°39′~36°7′之間。本項目具體研究范圍是指水文意義上的黃河流域。自陜西潼關進入河南，西起靈寶市，東至臺前縣，河道總長711公里，流域面積3.6萬平方公里，占黃河流域總面積的5%，占河南省總面積的21.7%，涉及10個省轄市（濟源示范區(qū)）52個縣（市、區(qū)）。TheYellowRiverBasininHenanProvinceislocatedinthenorthcentralpartofHenanProvince.Itsgeographicalcoordinatesarebetween110°21′~116°6′Eand33°39′~36°7′N.TheYellowRiverentersHenanfromTongguan,ShaanxiProvince,startsfromLingbaoCityintheWestandreachesTaiqianCountyintheEast.Thetotallengthoftherivercourseis711kmandthedrainageareais36,000squarekilometers,accountingfor5%ofthetotalareaoftheYellowRiverBasinand21.7%ofthetotalareaofHenanProvince.Thescopeoftheprojectinvolves10provincialcities(Jiyuandemonstrationarea)and52counties(citiesanddistricts).TopographicandGeomorphicDistributionMapofHenan

Province項目范圍Project

Background項目范圍Project

Background項目區(qū)共涉及常住人口3,054.51萬人，城鎮(zhèn)化率60%，人口密度603人/平方公里。項目區(qū)土地總面積390萬公頃，其中耕地210萬公頃，占總面積的53.76%；水域13萬公頃，占3.3%；林地82萬公頃，21.11%；草地35萬公頃，占9.07%；建設用地49萬公頃，占12.70%。The

project

areainvolvesatotalof30.5451millionpermanentresidents,withanurbanizationrateof60%andapopulationdensityof603peoplepersquarekilometer.Thetotallandareaoftheprojectareais3.9millionhectares,ofwhich2.1millionhectaresarecultivatedland,accountingfor53.76%ofthetotalarea;130,000hectaresofwater,accountingfor3.3%;820,000hectaresofforestland,accountingfor21.11%;350,000hectaresofgrassland,accountingfor9.07%;490,000hectaresofconstructionland,accountingfor

12.70%.演示者2023-05-24

16:07:11--------------------------------------------河南黃河流域因為人口眾多，所以生態(tài)保護和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的矛盾尤為突出。該區(qū)域涉及常駐人口達3000多萬人，耕地面積占土地面積的53.76%。從圖中可以看出，西部的伏牛山北坡、小秦嶺地區(qū)，生態(tài)環(huán)境良好。但是在中下游地區(qū)，即使在黃河灘地，農(nóng)業(yè)和生產(chǎn)建設活動仍然很多。項目描述

Project

Profile：項目地點：河南省黃河流域項目周期：2022年1月21日-2023年12月31日項目資金：30萬美元執(zhí)行機構(gòu)：河南省林業(yè)局實施機構(gòu)：河南省林業(yè)生態(tài)建設發(fā)展中心項目目的：支持河南省政府部門加強河南省黃河流域的生物多樣性保護ProjectLocation:YellowRiverbasininHenan

ProvinceDuration:January21,2022toDecember31,

2023.Amount:USD0.3

millionExecutingagency:HenanForestry

AdministrationImplementingAgency:ForestryEcologicalConstructionDevelopmentCenterof

HFA.Objective:SupportrelevantdepartmentsofHenanProvincetostrengthenthebiodiversityconservationintheYellowRiverBasininHenan

Province項目概述ProjectProfileand

Introduction項目成果和產(chǎn)出

Project

Outcome

and

Outputs：項目成果：加強河南省黃河生物多樣性和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務保護Outcome:ConservationofYellowRiverbiodiversityandecosystemservicesinHenanProvince

strengthened產(chǎn)出

1：分析省級保護政策框架和黃河生物多樣性及生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務價值Output1:AnalysisofprovincialconservationpolicyframeworkandYellowRiverbiodiversityandecosystemservicevalues

produced.產(chǎn)出

2：編制河南省黃河流域五年生物多樣性戰(zhàn)略和行動計劃

Output2:Five-yearBiodiversitystrategyandactionplanfortheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvince

prepared.產(chǎn)出

3：加強生物多樣性保護方面的知識和能力Output3:Knowledgeandcapacityonbiodiversityconservation

enhanced.項目概述ProjectProfileand

Introduction啟動報告、中期報告、終期報告Inception

report,

midtermreport

and

final

report一份河南省黃河流域五年生物多樣性戰(zhàn)略和行動計劃

A

Five-year

BSAPofHenan

Province

intheYellowRiver

Basin三份技術(shù)指南

Three

technical

guidelines

for

biodiversity

conservation一份關于技援調(diào)查結(jié)果的技術(shù)書籍

Atechnical

book

publication

on

theTA

findings一份簡短的視頻紀錄片A

brief

video

documentary一份政策簡報A

policy

brief兩次技術(shù)培訓Two

technical

trainings項目成果Deliverables技援團隊Team

IntroductionPositionNameof

SpecialistOrganizationNationalTeamLeader/Wetland

Specialist國內(nèi)組長/濕地專家ZHANGMingxiang張明祥BeijingForestry

University北京林業(yè)大學NationalDeputyTeamLeader/Forest

Ecologist國內(nèi)副組長/森林生態(tài)專家YANDongfeng閆東鋒HenanAgricultural

University河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學InternationalBiodiversityandConservationPlanning

Specialist國際生物多樣性和保護規(guī)劃專家Christoph

ZOCKLERSelf-employed獨立專家NationalNaturalCapitalandEcosystemServices

Specialist國內(nèi)自然資本和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務專家XIE

Gaodi謝高地University of Science andTechnologyof

China中國科學技術(shù)大學NationalPolicyandLegal

Specialist國內(nèi)政策和法律專家LI

Zhou李周Self-employed獨立專家NationalFinance

Specialist國內(nèi)財務專家YAOShunbo姚順波NorthwestA&F

University西北農(nóng)林科技大學NationalHydrologicalandClimateChange

Specialist國內(nèi)水文和氣候變化專家XU

Hongmei許紅梅NationalClimate

Center中國氣象局國家氣候中心NationalGeographicInformationSystemandMapping

Specialist國內(nèi)地理信息系統(tǒng)和制圖專家DENG

Tan鄧坦HenanForestryInvestigationandPlanning

Institute河南省林業(yè)調(diào)查規(guī)劃院NAREEProject

Manager納睿項目經(jīng)理LIYue李悅NAREENAREEProject

Assistant納睿項目助理SHEN

Xuanrong申軒榕NAREENAREEProject

Director納睿項目總監(jiān)WANG

Mengjue王夢玨NAREENAREEProject

Director納睿項目總監(jiān)ZHOULijun周麗君NAREE生物多樣性價值和保護狀況BiodiversityValuesand

Conservation河南是中國生物多樣性最豐富的省份之一，重點野生動植物物種保護率達95%。河南省黃河流域位于我國第二階梯和第三階梯的過渡地區(qū)，地處氣候帶交匯區(qū)，是我國生物多樣性的關鍵地帶，是我國中西部重要生態(tài)保護屏障和物種基因庫。河南黃河流域植被分布具有明顯的地帶性；黃河干流及其支流魚類資源豐富，三門峽水庫和小浪底水庫是大型魚類聚集地；河南黃河流域也是候鳥的重要越冬地和繁殖地，已知觀測到的鳥類約有336種，其中國家一級重點保護鳥類有20種。HenanisoneoftheprovinceswiththerichestbiodiversityinPRC,withakeywildlifespeciesconservationrateof95%.TheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvinceislocatedinthetransitionareabetweenthePRC’sSecondandThirdLadder,andissituatedatthenorth-southclimategeographicboundaryofPRC.IthasthespecialgeographicallocationandisakeyzoneofbiodiversityinPRCandanimportantecologicalprotectionbarrierandspeciesgenepoolincentralandwesternPRC.ThevegetationcharacteristicsoftheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvincehaveobviouszonalcharacteristics,influencedbyclimateandtopography,showingthetransitionalnatureofdifferentzonesandthecomplexity.ThemainstreamofYellowRiveranditstributariesarerichinfishresources.TheSanmenxiaReservoirandXiaolangdiReservoirarelargefishgatheringplaces.TheYellowRiverbasininHenanisanimportantwinteringareaandrestingplaceformigratorybirds.Thereare20nationalscheduleIprotectedwildlifespeciesand53nationalscheduleIIprotectedspeciesintheTA

area.TopographicandGeomorphicDistributionMapofHenan

Province01

概述Overview銀杏（分布廣泛，嵩縣集中分布）Ginkgobiloba(widely

distributed,concentratedinSong

County)紅豆杉（分布廣泛）Taxuschinensis(widely

distributed)南方紅豆杉（分布廣泛）Taxuschinensisvar.mairei

(widelydistributed)02項目區(qū)生物多樣性價值BiodiversityValuesintheProject

Area植物Plant根據(jù)《國家重點保護野生動植物名錄（2021年）》，河南黃河流域存在國家一級保護植物7種，分別為：銀杏、紅豆杉、南方紅豆杉、水杉、紫斑牡丹、曲莖石斛、華山新麥草。Accordingtothe"ListofNationalKeyProtectedWildAnimalsandPlants(2021)",thereare7nationalschedule1protectedplantsintheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvince,namely:Ginkgobiloba,Taxuswallichianavar.chinensis,Taxuswallichianavar.mairei,Metasequoiaglyptostroboides,Paeoniasuffruticosavar.papaveracea,Dendrobiumflexicaule,Psathyrostachys

huashanica.水杉（伏牛山）Metasequoiaglyptostroboides(Funiu

Mountain)紫斑牡丹Paeonia

rockii曲莖石斛Dendrobiumflexicaule華山新麥草Psathyrostachys

huashanica02項目區(qū)生物多樣性價值BiodiversityValuesintheProject

Area生物多樣性價值

Biodiversity

Values哺乳動物

Mammals區(qū)域內(nèi)共有62種哺乳動物。國家一級保護哺乳動物4種，分別為豹、豺、大靈貓、林麝。AccordingtothepointdatadistributionmapintheChineseMammalsGuide(2008),62mammalspecieshavebeenrecordedintheTAarea.Thereare4nationalfirst-classprotectedmammals,namely,Pantherapardus，Cuonalpinus,Viverrazibetha,andMoschus

berezovskii.鳥類

Birds黃河流域濕地是遷徙候鳥的重要越冬地和停歇地，有336個物種。包括20個受國家野生動物保護一級保護的物種和另外53種二級保護的物種。一級保護物種包括青頭潛鴨、中華秋沙鴨、大鴇、卷羽鵜鶘、小青腳鷸、彩鹮、獵隼、黃胸鹀

、2種鸛類、3種鶴類、7種鷹科鳥類。The

wetlands

in

the

Yellow

RiverBasinareimportantwinteringandrestingplacesformigratorybirds,with 336 species including 20 species under national first-classprotectionand53speciesundersecond-classprotection.First-classprotectedspeciesincludeAythyabaeri，Mergussquamatus，Otistarda，Pelecanuscrispus，Tringaguttifer，Plegadisfalcinellus，F(xiàn)alcocherrug，Emberizaaureola，2speciesofstorks,3speciesofcranes,and7speciesof

eagles林麝Moschusberezovskii大鴇Otis

tarda青頭潛鴨Aythya

baeri02項目區(qū)生物多樣性價值BiodiversityValuesintheProject

Area爬行動物

Reptiles河南現(xiàn)生爬行動物計有2目8科28種。其中烏龜為國家二級保護動物。Thereare28speciesofreptileslivinginHenan,belongingto8familiesand2orders.Amongthem,theMauremysreevesiiisanationalsecondlevelprotected

animal.兩棲動物Amphibians河南省現(xiàn)有兩棲動物計有2目6科13種。大鯢和寧陜齒突蟾2種為國家二級保護動物，其中大鯢為我國特有珍稀瀕危兩棲動物。Thereare13speciesofamphibiansinHenanprovince,belongingto2ordersand6families.Amongthem,twospecies,AndriasdavidianusandScutigerningshanensis,aresecond-classprotectedanimalsinChina,andthegiantsalamanderisarareandendangeredamphibianuniqueto

China.魚類

Fish河南黃河流域的魚類117種，分別隸屬于9目24科69屬。鯉科各亞科屬種分布變化鯉科是最大科，分布于9個亞科

。Thereare117speciesoffishintheYellowRiverBasininHenanprovince,belongingto9orders,24families,and69genera.TheCyprinusfamilyisthelargestfamily,distributedin9

subfamilies.黃河鯉魚Cyprinus

carpio大鯢Andrias

davidianus虎紋蛙Hoplobatrachusrugulosus02項目區(qū)生物多樣性價值BiodiversityValuesintheProject

Area03

生物多樣性保護現(xiàn)狀Conservation

Status保護區(qū)網(wǎng)絡

Protected

area

network現(xiàn)有自然保護地85個，面積占流域總面積的10.20%。自然保護區(qū)、濕地公園等各類自然保護地的設立，使項目區(qū)國家重點保護野生動植物保護率達到95%以上。nationalwetlandparks,whicharemainlydistributedinthecoastalareasofthemainandtributariesoftheYellowRiverbasin.The

key河南省黃河流域重點的森林保護地和以森林為生境的野生動物類型的自然保護地包括3個國家級自然保護區(qū)、3個省級自然保護區(qū)和11個國家級森林公園，總面積27.26萬公頃，其中黃河流域重點森林保護地面積14.23萬公頃。ThekeyforestprotectedareasintheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvinceandtheprotectedareasofwildlifewithforestsashabitatinclude3nationalnaturereserves,3provincialnaturereservesand11nationalforestparks,withatotalareaof272,600hectares,including142,300hectaresofkeyforestprotectedareasintheYellowRiverbasin.河南省黃河流域重點的濕地保護地和以濕地為生境的野生動物類型的自然保護地共包括2個國家級自然保護區(qū)、3個省級自然保護區(qū)和5個國家級濕地公園，重點濕地保護地涉及黃河流域面積12.92萬公頃。ThekeywetlandprotectedareasintheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvinceandtheprotectedareasofwildlifewithwetlandashabitatinclude2nationalnaturereserves,3provincialnaturereservesand5nationalwetlandparks,whicharemainlydistributedinthe

coastal流域內(nèi)自然保護地主要分布在太行山、伏牛山及黃河流域的干支流沿岸地區(qū)，保護地內(nèi)分布有大量天然林、天然濕地。通過建立保護地，有效保護河南省重要的森林、濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和野生動植物物種。TheprotectedareasinthebasinaremainlydistributedintheTaihangMountain,FuniuMountainandthecoastalareasofthemainandtributariesoftheYellowRiverbasin.Therearealargenumberofnaturalforestsandnaturalwetlandsintheprotectedareas.Throughtheestablishmentoftheprotectedareas,itcan

effectively03生物多樣性保護現(xiàn)狀Conservation

Status保護成效

Conservation

Effectiveness河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護工作成效顯著。各級各類保護地通過打擊破壞野生動物棲息地的專項行動和自然保護地建設工程，使野生動植物棲息地得到有效保護，一些珍稀、瀕危野生動植物的數(shù)量得到明顯增加，流域生態(tài)環(huán)境明顯改善。相對于未被保護的臨近區(qū)域，各類自然保護地的植被和野生動物棲息地生態(tài)環(huán)境明顯改善，現(xiàn)有的植被得到充分的發(fā)育，物種數(shù)量明顯增加。ThebiodiversityconservationintheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvincehasachievedremarkableresults.Variousprotectedareashaveeffectivelyprotectedthehabitatsofwildanimalsandplantsthroughspecialactionstocombatthedestructionofwildlifehabitatsandnaturereserveconstructionprojects,andthenumbersofsomerareandendangeredwildanimalsandplantshavebeensignificantly

increased.生物多樣性威脅Biodiversity

Threat河南黃河流域生物多樣性遭受威脅的主要原因包括：生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化、氣候變化、社區(qū)居民生產(chǎn)生活、重大建設工程（包括高速公路、水利工程等）、旅游開發(fā)、環(huán)境污染、外來物種入侵等。ThemainthreatstothebiodiversityoftheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvinceinclude:degradationofecologicalfunctions,climatechange,productionandlivingofcommunityresidents,majorconstructionprojects(includinghighwaysandwaterconservancyprojects),tourismdevelopment,environmentalpollutionandinvasionofalien

species.生物多樣性保護面臨的挑戰(zhàn)ChallengesforBiodiversity

Conservation黃河流域人類活動頻繁，過度放牧、采砂、排污、圍墾等嚴重影響著黃河流域的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康，而且黃河流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類型多樣并對全球變化敏感，導致生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)和功能退化以及生物多樣性降低。河南黃河流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)本底脆弱，大部分地區(qū)屬于半干旱、半濕潤地區(qū)，經(jīng)過長期發(fā)展已成為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)負荷“過滿狀態(tài)”，這集中表現(xiàn)在水資源嚴重短缺、生態(tài)破壞和環(huán)境污染，

“水少”已成為黃河流域保護和發(fā)展的主要瓶頸。HumanactivitiesarefrequentintheYellowRiverbasin.Overgrazing,sandmining,sewagedischarge,reclamation,etc.seriouslyaffectthehealthoftheecosystemintheYellowRiverbasin.Moreover,theecosystemintheYellowRiverbasinisdiverseandsensitivetoglobalchange,resultinginthedegradationoftheecosystemstructureandfunctionandthereductionof

biodiversity.TheecosystemoftheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvinceisfundamentallyfragile,withmostareasbelongingtosemi-aridandsemihumidregions.Afterlong-termdevelopment,ithasbecomeanoverloadedecosystem,whichismainlymanifestedinseverewaterresourceshortage,ecologicaldamage,andenvironmentalpollution."Waterscarcity"hasbecomethemainbottleneckfortheprotectionanddevelopmentoftheYellowRiver

basin技援概述–

存在不足ProjectProfile-

Shortcomings演示者2023-05-24

16:07:17--------------------------------------------黃河流域生態(tài)保護方面到底存在哪些問題。我們專家組也梳理了一下，初步認為有三個方面。一是該區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱，但是人為活動頻繁，是重要的農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)、城市發(fā)展區(qū)，保護和發(fā)展的矛盾十分突出。生態(tài)保護的壓力巨大。2

、河南黃河流域生物多樣性面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn) ChallengesfacedbytheBiodiversityofHenanYellowRiver

Basin（1）目前，河南黃河流域內(nèi)濕地面積占比較小，且受人類活動影響大；森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)簡單，林齡普遍較低，人工林多而天然林少。生境破碎化嚴重，野生植物保護亟待加強，野生動物棲息地亟待修復和保護。(1)ThebiodiversityoftheYellowRiverBasininHenanProvincefacesmanychallenges.Atpresent,thewetareaoftheYellowRiverBasininHenanisrelativelysmallandgreatlyaffectedbyhumanactivities;Theforestecosystemissimple,withgenerallylowerforestage,moreartificialforestsandlessnaturalforests.Thehabitatisseverelyfragmented,andtheprotectionofwildplantsurgentlyneedstobestrengthened.Thehabitatofwildanimalsurgentlyneedstoberepairedand

protected.技援概述–

存在不足ProjectProfile-

Shortcomings濟源黃河三峽三門峽靈寶破碎化的山區(qū)植被演示者2023-05-24

16:07:18--------------------------------------------2、河南黃河流域生物多樣性面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn)。這方面有3點。一是濕地面積不大，且受人類活動影響大，比如魚塘、耕地等等；森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)簡單，植被的防護作用有限。生境破碎化嚴重，野生動物的棲息地亟待修復。(2)TheintensivetourismdevelopmentintheurbanareaalongtheYellowRiverposesapotentialthreattoecologicalbalance.SanmenxiaCityandLuoyangCityoftheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvincearelocatedinthetransitionzonefromthenorthernsubtropicalzonetothewarmtemperatezoneinPRC.Theypreservethespeciesdiversityofthetypicaltransitionzone,andhavehighbiodiversityconservationvalue.However,thiszoneisalsoamineraldevelopmentzone,withseriousecosystemdamageandhabitatfragmentation.Thereisariskofseriousecosystemdegradationandbiodiversityloss,andtheecosystemservicefunctionneedstobeimproved

urgently.技援概述

–存在不足ProjectProfile-

Shortcomings河南黃河流域生物多樣性面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn)Challenges

facedbytheBiodiversityofHenanYellowRiver

Basin（2）黃河城市段旅游開發(fā)嚴重，對生態(tài)平衡產(chǎn)生了潛在威脅。河南黃河流域的三門峽市、洛陽市地處我國北亞熱帶向暖溫帶過渡區(qū)，保存有典型過渡區(qū)的物種多樣性，具有很高的生物多樣性保護價值，但是該區(qū)也是礦產(chǎn)開發(fā)區(qū)，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)受損和生境破碎化嚴重，存在嚴重的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化和生物多樣性喪失的風險，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務功能急需提升。小浪底黃河三峽景區(qū)演示者2023-05-24

16:07:18--------------------------------------------另外，黃河流經(jīng)河南三門峽、洛陽、鄭州等城市，開發(fā)了一些一黃河為主體的景區(qū)，旅游開發(fā)與生態(tài)保護如何協(xié)調(diào)，也是一個難題。技援概述

–存在不足ProjectProfile-

Shortcomings河南黃河流域現(xiàn)有生態(tài)修復與生物多樣性保護理念、方法和技術(shù)體系有待完善。The

existing

ecological

restoration

andbiodiversityprotectionconcepts、methodsandtechnologysystemintheYellowRiverBasinofHenanProvinceandisyettobe

improved.在生物多樣性保護中，一方面，現(xiàn)有的生態(tài)修復與生物多樣性方法和技術(shù)還有待完善，需要進一步加強以指導生物多樣性工作實踐。另一方面，頂層設計，因地制宜、分類施策的建設與管理模式還需要加強。Inbiodiversityconservation,ononehand,theexistingecologicalrestorationandbiodiversityconservationmethodsandtechnologiesshouldbeimprovedfortheguidanceonbiodiversityconservation.Ontheotherhand,Theconstructionandmanagementmodeloftailoredandclassifiedpoliciesstillneedstobe

strengthened.黃河濕地修復，楊樹林？退魚塘還濕地，黃河濕地演示者2023-05-24

16:07:19--------------------------------------------最后，生物多樣性保護和生態(tài)修復相關理念、政策、技術(shù)還不夠完善，河南尚無發(fā)布生物多樣性保護戰(zhàn)略和行動計劃，頂層設計亟待加強。比如在生態(tài)保護實踐中，濕地的修復要不要種植高大的喬木，尤其是楊樹。再比如緊鄰黃河的大面積魚塘，因為在濕地保護區(qū)內(nèi)，現(xiàn)在不讓發(fā)展之后，原來的魚塘干枯，濕地作用也沒得到發(fā)揮，下一步如何發(fā)展？這些都是待解的問題。02生物多樣性保護存在的管理挑戰(zhàn)Challengesfacedbybiodiversity

conservation法律和政策框架。生物多樣性保護法律和政策體系尚不完善。相關部門間的合作機制有待繼續(xù)加強。Thelegalandpolicysystemofbiodiversityconservationisnotperfect,Thecooperationmechanismbetweenrelevantdepartmentsneedstobe

furtherstrengthened。生物多樣性保護還沒有主流化。公眾參與保護的積極性不夠高，對生物多樣性的重要性認識不足，特別是對重要動植物資源保護意識不夠強。Biodiversity

conservation

has

not

yet

been

mainstreamed.

The

public

isnotsufficientlyawareoftheimportanceofbiodiversity,especiallytheawarenessofprotectingimportantplantandanimal

resources.生物多樣性基礎調(diào)查、監(jiān)測和評估能力有待提高。Biodiversity

basic

survey,

monitoring

and

assessmentcapacityneedstobe

improved.保護管理經(jīng)費不足。建設管理運行經(jīng)費普遍缺乏，保護管理機構(gòu)不完善，與其他職能存在交叉重疊，生物多樣性保護工作強度大；生物多樣性保護執(zhí)法體制、機制尚未理順，執(zhí)法難度大；從事野生動植物保護的隊伍薄弱，人員素質(zhì)不能很好適應高質(zhì)量生物多樣性保護工作的要求。Insufficient

funds

for

protectionandmanagement.Thereisagenerallackoffundsforconstructionmanagementandoperation,incompleteprotectionmanagementinstitutions,overlappingwithotherfunctions,andahighintensityofbiodiversityprotectionwork;Thelawenforcementsystemandmechanismforbiodiversityconservationhavenotbeenrationalized,makinglawenforcementdifficult;Theteamengagedinwildlifeconservationisweak,andthepersonnelqualitycannotadaptwelltotherequirementsofhigh-qualitybiodiversityconservation

work.生物多樣性保護戰(zhàn)略和行動計劃BiodiversityConservationStrategyandAction

Plan01背景Background中國幅員遼闊，陸海兼?zhèn)?，地貌和氣候復雜多樣，孕育了豐富而又獨特的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、物種和遺傳多樣性，是世界上生物多樣性最豐富的國家之一。黃河流域是連接青藏高原、黃土高原、華北平原的生態(tài)廊道，擁有三江源、祁連山等多個國家公園和國家重點生態(tài)功能區(qū)，構(gòu)成我國重要的生態(tài)屏障，支持著全球重要的生物多樣性價值。河南省黃河地處黃河中下游，屬我國西部山地、丘陵與東部平原的過渡地帶，地理位置獨特，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)多樣，物種豐富，是遷徙候鳥的重要越冬地和停歇地。為進一步加強河南黃河流域的生物多樣性保護工作，有效彌補區(qū)域生物多樣性保護空缺，迎接新問題和新挑戰(zhàn)，亞行生態(tài)修復與生物多樣性技援團隊編制了《河南黃河流域生物多樣性戰(zhàn)略與行動計劃》（2024-2030年，以下簡稱“行動計劃”）。Biodiversityisthesumofecologicalcomplexesformedbylivingorganisms(animals,plants,microorganisms)andtheenvironmentandthevariousecologicalprocessesassociatedwiththem.Biodiversityisessentialtohumanwell-being,providingthefoundationforhumansurvivalanddevelopment.TheYellowRiverbasinisanecologicalcorridorconnectingtheQinghaiTibetPlateau,theLoessPlateauandtheNorthChinaPlain.IthasmanynationalparksandnationalkeyecologicalfunctionalareassuchastheThree-River-SourceNationalParkandtheQilianMountains.ItplaysanimportantroleinthePRC’secologicalconstructionlayoutandconstitutesanimportantecologicalbarrierinPRC.TheYellowRiverinHenanProvinceislocatedinthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYellowRiver,whichisatransitionzonebetweenthemountainoushillsinthewestandtheplainsintheeastofPRC,withauniquegeographicallocation,diverseecosystemsandrichspecies,andisanimportantwinteringgroundandrestingplaceformigratorybirds.TostrengthenthebiodiversityconservationintheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvinceandeffectivelyrespondtonewissuesandchallengesofbiodiversityconservationfacedintheregion,theProjecthaspreparedthedraftBiodiversityStrategyandActionPlan(BSAP)intheYellowRiverBasininHenanProvince

(2024-2030).02目的Objective在對項目區(qū)生物多樣性的現(xiàn)狀特點、物種保護情況、保護政策框架、自然資產(chǎn)和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務價值進行詳細分析論述的基礎上，本行動計劃按照國家要求，結(jié)合河南黃河流域?qū)嶋H情況，提出了到2030年和2050年生物多樣性保護行動目標，制定了河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護策略、行動計劃以及保障措施，為今后一段時期內(nèi)河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護工作的開展提供一定的參考價值和指導。Basedonadetailedanalysisanddiscussionofthecurrentcharacteristicsofbiodiversity,speciesconservation,conservationpolicyframework,andnaturalcapitalandecosystemservicevaluesoftheprojectarea,theBSAP,inaccordancewithnationalrequirementsandincombinationwiththeactualsituationoftheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvince,proposesactionobjectivesforbiodiversityconservationby2030and2050,andstrategies,actionplans,andsupportingmeasuresforbiodiversityconservationintheYellowRiverbasinofHenanProvince.ItwillprovidecertainreferenceandguidancefortheimplementationofbiodiversityconservationintheYellowRiverbasinofHenanProvinceinthe

future.04生物多樣性保護戰(zhàn)略與行動計劃BiodiversityConservationStrategyand

Plan指導思想

Guiding

Ideology以《黃河保護法》為遵循，立足黃河流域生態(tài)保護與高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，堅持生態(tài)優(yōu)先、綠色發(fā)展，以有效應對生物多樣性面臨的挑戰(zhàn)、全面提升河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護水平為目標，扎實推進生物多樣性保護重大工程，持續(xù)加大監(jiān)督和執(zhí)法力度，進一步提高保護能力和管理水平，確保河南黃河流域重要生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、生物物種和生物遺傳資源得到全面保護，將生物多樣性保護理念融入生態(tài)文明建設全過程，共建萬物和諧的美麗家園。Theoverallgoalistoachievetheconservationofkeyecosystems,biologicalspeciesandbiologicalgeneticresourcesintheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvinceandintegratetheconceptofbiodiversityconservationintotheentireprocessofecologicalcivilizationconstructiontobuildaharmonioushomeforalllivingbeings,guidedbytheYellowRiverProtectionLaw,basedonecologicalprotectionandhigh-qualitydevelopmentintheYellowRiverbasin,adheringtoecologicalpriorityandgreendevelopment,aimingateffectivelyaddressingthechallengesfacingbiodiversityandcomprehensivelyimprovingthelevelofbiodiversityconservationintheYellowRiverBasininHenanProvince,aswellasthroughpromotingmajorbiodiversityconservationprojects,continuingtoincreasesupervisionandlawenforcement,andfurtherimprovingtheprotectioncapacityandmanagement

level.04生物多樣性保護戰(zhàn)略與行動計劃BiodiversityConservationStrategyand

Plan基本原則Basic

Principles保護優(yōu)先，持續(xù)恢復。牢固樹立尊重自然、順應自然、保護自然的生態(tài)文明理念，堅持保護優(yōu)先、自然恢復為主。Prioritizeprotectionandcontinuerestoration.Respectnatureandconservationfirst.Itshallfirmlyestablishtheecologicalcivilizationconceptofrespectingnature,respondingtonature,protectingnature,adheretothepriorityofprotection,natural

restoration.健全體制，統(tǒng)籌推進。在河南省委、省政府的領導下，發(fā)揮統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)作用，完善年度工作調(diào)度機制。各有關單位各司其職，協(xié)調(diào)一致，密切配合，互通信息，有序推進河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護工作。Improvethesystemandmakeoverallprogress.UndertheleadershipoftheHenanProvincialPartyCommitteeandthePeople’sGovernmentofHenanProvince,improvingtheannualworkschedulingmechanism.Allrelevantagenciesshouldperformtheirrespectiveduties,coordinate,cooperateclosely,exchangeinformation,andorderlypromotethebiodiversityconservationoftheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvince.04生物多樣性保護戰(zhàn)略與行動計劃BiodiversityConservationStrategyand

Plan基本原則

Basic

Principles科學規(guī)劃，合理利用。遵循科學規(guī)律，合理規(guī)劃，促進河南黃河流域生物資源可持續(xù)利用，科學、合理和有序地利用河南黃河流域的生物資源。Scientificplanandrationalutilization.Itshallfollowscientificlaws,makereasonableplanning,promotethesustainableutilizationofbiologicalresourcesintheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvince,andmakescientific,reasonableandorderlyutilizationofbiologicalresourcesintheYellowRiverbasininHenanProvince.政府主導，多方參與。發(fā)揮河南省沿黃地區(qū)各級政府在生物多樣性保護中的主導作用，加大管理、投入和監(jiān)督力度，建立健全企事業(yè)單位、社會組織和公眾參與生物多樣性保護的長效機制，提高社會各界保護生物多樣性的自覺性和參與度。

Government-ledandmulti-partyparticipation.ItshallgivefullplaytotheleadingroleofgovernmentsatalllevelsinthebiodiversityconservationalongtheYellowRiverinHenanProvince,increasemanagement,investmentandsupervisionefforts,establishandimprovealong-termmechanismforenterprises,institutions,socialorganizationsandthepublictoparticipateinthebiodiversityconservation,improvetheawarenessandparticipationofall