英語(yǔ)八種基本時(shí)態(tài)

英語(yǔ)八種基本時(shí)態(tài)一．概念：英語(yǔ)中表示不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，需用不同的動(dòng)詞形式表示，這種不同的動(dòng)詞形式稱為時(shí)態(tài)。二．種類：（基本時(shí)態(tài)）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)三．用法：1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)及客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)和普遍真理。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常以動(dòng)詞原形表示，但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s或-es。2）句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)＋Ｖ.（包括be動(dòng)詞）＋賓語(yǔ)＋…

Sheisanengineer.

Hehasbreakfastat6:00everyday.3）注意：a)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常與always,often,usually,everyday,sometimes,onceaweek

等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

IalwayswatchTVat8:00in

theevening.

Theygohomeonceaweek.

Weusuallydoourhomeworkathome.

b)表客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)或普遍真理。

Thesunalwaysrisesintheeast.

Thelighttravelsfasterthanthesound.

c)表永遠(yuǎn)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

Helivesinthecountry.4）第三人稱單數(shù)變化形式。

a)一般情況動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-s.

come---comes

speak---speaks

work---works

live---lives

b)以o,s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的單詞在詞后加-es.

do---does

go---goes

finish---finishes

brush---brushes

fix---fixes

pass---passes

watch---watches

c)以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的單詞變y為i加-es.

Study---studies

carry-carries

cry---cries

d)以“元音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-s.

play---plays

stay---stays

例句：我們每天晚上九點(diǎn)做作業(yè)。我在早上七點(diǎn)半起床。他每天七點(diǎn)去上班。我們經(jīng)常下午打籃球。他喜歡音樂(lè)。地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)?；疖嚵c(diǎn)出發(fā)。5）否定句和疑問(wèn)句。a)-----Heisanengineer.

-----Heisn’tanengineer.

-----Isheanengineer?

-----Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.

b)----Wegetupat7:30in

themorning.

-----Wedon’tgetupat7:30in

themorning.

-----Doyougetupat7:30in

themorning?

-----Yes,wedo./No,wedon’t.

c)----Helikesmusic.

-----Hedoesn’tlikemusic.

-----Doeshelikemusic?

-----Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.2．一般過(guò)去時(shí)1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday,lastnight,someyearsago,in1990,inthosedays.等連用。Iwasastudent6yearsago.Iwentto

Beijing

lastyear.Theysawafilmlastnight.2）句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)＋Ｖ.過(guò)去時(shí)＋賓語(yǔ)＋…例句：昨天他很忙。去年他抽煙了。兩年前他去參軍了。他在1990年去世了。3）否定句和疑問(wèn)句。a)----Hewasbusyyesterday.

-----Hewasn’tbusy.

6.他們下周日將去買汽車。4．過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

1）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是立足于過(guò)去某時(shí)，從過(guò)去的觀點(diǎn)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。主要用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。

2）基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+would/should

was/weregoingto+V.原形+…

Hesaidthathewouldhaveameetingnextweek.

(Hesaysthathewillnaveameetingnextweek.)

Theysaidweshouldleaveschooltomorrow.

(Theysayweshallleaveschooltomorrow.)5．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。通常與now,atpresent

等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+v-ing+…

Youarelisteningtomecarefullynow.

Sheiswritingaletterthisyear.

Look!Theyaredancing.

WearestudyingEnglishatpresent.

It’sraininghardnow.3）動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成①

一般動(dòng)詞直接在詞后加-ingdo–doing

read-readingwork–working

think–thinkingstudy–studying

go–goingwatch–watching

jump-jumping②

以不發(fā)音的字母e

結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)先去掉

e

然后加

–inglike–liking

take–takingleave–leaving

live–livingreceive–receivingdance–dancingcome–coming

smoke–smoking

write-writing③

以“一個(gè)元音字母

+

一個(gè)輔音字母”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母然后再加-ingstop–stopping

begin–beginningdig–digging

swim–swimmingrun–running

sit–sitting(注意：listen–listening

open–opening

eat–eating

rain–raining

sleep-sleeping)4)

6

．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1）

表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，

通常與

at6:00yesterday,atthis/thattimeyesterday,when

引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等連用。2）

基本結(jié)構(gòu)

主語(yǔ)+be(was/were)+v-ing+…1.

Itwasrainingat7:00thedaybeforeyesterday.2.

Theywerebuildingareservoiratthistimelastwinter.3.

We

werereading

whentheteachercamein.Weweren’treading…Wereyoureading…Whatwereyoudoingwhentheteachercamein.3)

例句

1.

前天那個(gè)時(shí)候Tom

正在看電影。

2.

上周日四點(diǎn)我們正在游泳。3.師看見(jiàn)我們時(shí)我們正在玩撲克。4.

I____(do)myhomeworkyesterday.5.

He____(do)hishomeworkat5:00yesterday.6.

He____(do)hishomeworknow.

7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1）

1.

表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響2．表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)通常與下列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用

uptonow,inthepast,recently,by…,for5years,since1994,sofar,already,yet,ever,just…2)

基本結(jié)構(gòu)

主語(yǔ)+have/has+P.P(動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞)1.

I’vefinishedthiswork.2.

Hehaseverbeento

Australia.3.

Ihavenotheardfromherrecently.4.

Ihavealreadyread

thisbook.

Haveyouread…?

Yes,Ihave.

No,Ihaven’t.

Whathaveyouread?3)

過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成

（規(guī)則變化同過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成）不規(guī)則變化如下

do

did

donego

went

goneeat

ate

eaten

come

came

comehave

had

hadwrite

wrote

writtenbe

was/were

beensee

saw

seenhear

heard

heardswim

swam

swumdrink

drank

drunk

give

gave

givenforget

forgot

forgottentake

took

takenkeep

kept

keptsleep

slept

sleptteach

taught

taughtbuy

bought

boughttell

told

toldmake

made

madecut

cut

cut

hurt

hurt

hurtread

read

read

let

let

let

4）

注意1.

含有終止意義或暫短意義的動(dòng)詞不能與

for,since

引導(dǎo)的一般時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。（buy,begin,die,come,go,join,leave

等）A)

Ihaveboughtabook.Ihaveboughtabookfor3day.

(wrong)Ihavehadabookfor3years.B)

Hehavejoinedthearmyfor3years.

(wrong)Hehasbeeninthearmyfor3years.Hejoinedthearmy3yearsago.C)

Hehasbeendeadfor3years.Hedied2yearsago.Itis2yearssincehedied.Hehasdiedfor2years.

(wrong)D)

Hehasgoneto

Australia.Hehasbeento

Australia.2.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別

（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別）I___(hear)formherrecently/yesterday.3.

例句：他已經(jīng)閱讀了這本書。我們到目前為止已學(xué)習(xí)了兩千個(gè)單詞。他們居住在中國(guó)三年了。他看這部電影兩次了。Bob

自從

1997

年在這所學(xué)校教學(xué)。

8.過(guò)去完成時(shí)1）

表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，

強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，

常與

bythetime,bytheendof…,before,by

等引導(dǎo)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。2）

基本結(jié)構(gòu)

主語(yǔ)+had+

動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞

+…WhenIgottothecinemayesterdaythefilmhadbegunalready.昨天當(dāng)我到達(dá)電影院時(shí)電影已經(jīng)開始了。HehadlearnedEnglishbeforehecamehere.他來(lái)這兒之前已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)了。Hehadaughtthisclassfor3yearsbythetimeIlefttheschool.當(dāng)我離開這個(gè)學(xué)校為止

他已教這個(gè)班級(jí)三年了。BytheendoflasttermIhadlearned200