外研社英語(yǔ)必修四module3

Ⅰ.高頻單詞思憶1.Languageisamajormeansof______________(交流),whichweknow.2.Thetemplehasbeenconsideredanexampleof________(古典的)design.3.Ourbossisvery_______(正式的).Shedoesn’tcallanyonebytheirfirstname.4.Itis____________(傳統(tǒng)的)forthebridegroomtomakeaspeech.基礎(chǔ)落實(shí)Module3BodyLanguageandNon-verbalCommunicationcommunicationclassicformaltraditional5.Ididn’trealizeputtingonaplay_________(包括)somuchwork.6.Fluisan___________(有感染性的)diseasecharacterizedbyfever,achesandpainsandexhaustion.7.Thecrowd_________(恐慌)atthesoundofthegunfire.8.Womenneedthefull________(平等)withmeninworkplace.9.They’vemadeanurgent_______(請(qǐng)求)forinternationalaid.10.Amothershouldn’tshowtoomuch_______(喜歡)tooneofherchildren.involvedinfectiouspanickedequalityrequestfavourⅡ.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)再現(xiàn)1.beon______保持警惕;站崗→guard________sth.防止;提防(某事)2.communicate_____sb.(與某人)交流信息;溝通→communicatesth.__sb.把某物傳遞給某人→be___communicationwith與……交流3.makea_____達(dá)成協(xié)議→deal_____處理;涉及→It’s__deal!［口］成交！4.shakehands____sb.同某人握手→shakelikea_____全身發(fā)抖→shake__it［口］握手為定5.give_____泄露→givein___屈服于→give__doingsth.放棄做某事guardagainstwithtoindealwithawithleafonawaytoup6.___one’srequest應(yīng)某人的請(qǐng)求→___one’sinvitation應(yīng)某人之邀→___request應(yīng)要求7.____up舉起→_____up舉起;堅(jiān)持8.upand_____上上下下→backand______前前后后;來(lái)來(lái)回回9.by_______________偶然→___purpose故意地10.sayhello/goodbye___向……問(wèn)好/說(shuō)再見(jiàn)→_____sb.goodbye向某人揮手告別→_____sb.goodbye吻別atatonliftholddownforthaccident/chanceontowavekiss重點(diǎn)單詞1.communicatev.傳達(dá);傳送;交流;交際

觀(guān)察思考Thenovelisaboutafamilywhocan’tcommunicatewitheachother.這部小說(shuō)是關(guān)于成員彼此無(wú)法溝通的一個(gè)家庭。

Ababycommunicateshis/herneedsbycrying.

嬰兒用哭聲來(lái)表達(dá)需要。歸納拓展communicationn.溝通;交流communicatewithsb.與某人交流信息/溝通communicatesth.tosb.把。。。(一般指想法、感情、思想等)傳達(dá)給某人communicatesth.by...通過(guò)……表達(dá)……beincommunicationwith與……通訊;與……保持聯(lián)系havenocommunicationwith...與……沒(méi)有聯(lián)絡(luò)/交流活學(xué)活用Englishcanhelp____peopleandmakethestayinaforeigncountryeasyandcomfortable.A.agreewithB.communicatewithC.communicatetoD.writeto解析

communicatewithsb.與某人交流信息/溝通。句意為:英語(yǔ)能夠幫助人們交流,而且使得在外國(guó)停留變得容易和舒適。

B2.(1)varywith隨……而變化varyfrom不同于……varyin在……方面不同，有差異varyfrom...to...由……到……情況不等(2)varietyn．變化，多樣性，種類(lèi)avarietyof(varietiesof)各種各樣的(3)variousadj.各種各樣的；多方面的3.involvevt.包括;牽涉;使參與觀(guān)察思考Youhaveinvolvedmeinagreatdealofextrawork.

你給我添了一大堆額外的工作。Howmanyvehicleswereinvolvedinthecrash?

這起撞車(chē)事故涉及多少輛汽車(chē)？Shewasinvolvedinreadingallnight.她整晚都在專(zhuān)心致志地讀書(shū)。歸納拓展involvedadj.有關(guān)的;有牽連的;復(fù)雜的involvesb.in(doing)sth.使某人參與(干)某事involve(sb.)doingsth.包括(讓某人)干某事;需要(某人)干某事get/beinvolvedwith和……混在一起;和……有密切聯(lián)系get/beinvolvedin卷入……;參與……get/beinvolvedindoingsth.一心一意做某事

注意involvedadj.作前置定語(yǔ)時(shí),意為“復(fù)雜

的”;作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí),意為“涉及到的”。

theinvolvedsituation

復(fù)雜的形勢(shì)(前置定語(yǔ))

thepeopleinvolved

所涉及的人(后置定語(yǔ))活學(xué)活用He’sdeeplyinvolved____herandfeelshemustmarryher.A.inB.toC.withD.for解析be/getinvolvedwith和……有密切聯(lián)系。

C4.dealn.交易;協(xié)議;大量;v.相處;處理

觀(guān)察思考

Ihatedealingwithlargeimpersonalcompanies.我討厭與那些沒(méi)有人情味的大公司打交道。Ourbankdealsinstocksandsharesnow.我們銀行現(xiàn)在經(jīng)營(yíng)債券與股票。歸納拓展makeadealwithsb.與某人達(dá)成一筆交易Itisadeal?。劭冢莩山唬?就這么辦吧！)agreat/gooddealof許多的,大量的dealin經(jīng)營(yíng)買(mǎi)賣(mài)dealwith處理;做生意;涉及;論述That’sadeal.一言為定

注意deal用作名詞指“協(xié)議,交易”時(shí),多指生意或政治上雙方的協(xié)議;作動(dòng)詞時(shí),過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞為dealt。易混辨異dowith/dealwith在表示“處理,對(duì)待”時(shí),dowith和dealwith在陳述句中可以互相替換。但是在特殊疑問(wèn)句中，表示“怎么處理,怎么對(duì)待”時(shí),用法不同。Whatdoyoudowiththedifficultiesyouface?=Howdoyoudealwiththedifficultiesyouface?活學(xué)活用—Let’smeetatthestationat6∶00a.m.thisSaturday,OK?—____Anyoneshouldn’tbelate.A.That’sadeal!B.Callitadeal!C.It’sadeal!D.Alltheabove.解析A,B,C三項(xiàng)都表示“就這么定了;一言為定”,均符合句意。D5.panicv.(使)驚慌;(使)驚恐;n.驚慌;恐慌

觀(guān)察思考IpanickedwhenIsawsmokecomingoutoftheengine.我看見(jiàn)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冒煙時(shí),嚇得手足無(wú)措。Panictookholdofhimandhecouldn’tmove.

他突然驚慌得動(dòng)彈不得。歸納拓展panicodoingsth.使某人因驚慌而做某事beinapanic處于恐慌中g(shù)etintoapanic陷入恐慌

注意

panic的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞分別是panicked,panicked。

6.requestn.&v.請(qǐng)求,要求觀(guān)察思考Hewasthereattherequestofhismanager.他按照經(jīng)理的要求到了那里。Alltheclubmembersarerequestedtoattendtheannualmeeting.所有的俱樂(lè)部成員都被要求出席年會(huì)。歸納拓展atsb.’srequest應(yīng)某人的要求onrequest一經(jīng)要求byrequest應(yīng)……的要求(請(qǐng)求)requeststh.from/ofsb.requestsb.todosth.請(qǐng)求某人做某事易混辨異request/ask/demand/require(1)request指通過(guò)正式手續(xù)非常有禮貌、客氣地“請(qǐng)求”,常用于恐怕對(duì)方由于種種原因不能答應(yīng)的場(chǎng)合。(2)ask是常用詞，往往帶有期望得到肯定答復(fù)的意思。(3)demand語(yǔ)氣嚴(yán)厲,表示非答應(yīng)不可的“要求”。(4)require強(qiáng)調(diào)根據(jù)事業(yè)、需要或紀(jì)律、法律等而提出的“要求”?；顚W(xué)活用用request,ask,demand,require的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)He______mewhereTomwas.(2)Thepolice_________thatallthepersonsinthehousecomeoutimmediately.(3)AllI__________ofyouwasthatyoucomeearlier.(4)Mr.Green_________hisstudentstokeepsilence.askeddemandedrequestedrequired7.favourn.好意;恩惠;幫助;v.支持;喜愛(ài)

Canyoudomeafavourandturnoffthatlight?

勞您大駕,請(qǐng)把那盞燈關(guān)上好嗎？EveryoneisinfavourofTom’sproposal.每個(gè)人都贊同湯姆的提議。Thepresidentisbelievedtofavourfurthertaxcuts.大家認(rèn)為總統(tǒng)支持進(jìn)一步減稅。歸納拓展favourableadj.贊成的;有利的,有幫助的favouriteadj.最喜歡的;最有希望的(無(wú)比較、最高級(jí))askafavourofsb.=asksb.afavour請(qǐng)某人幫忙doafavourforsb.=dosb.afavour給某人恩惠,幫某人的忙infavour得寵的;流行的inone’sfavour受(某人)喜愛(ài)的,對(duì)(某人)有利的infavourof支持,贊同活學(xué)活用Mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrotherwas____it.A.infavourofB.inmemoryofC.inhonourofD.insearchof解析infavourof贊成,支持;inmemoryof紀(jì)念;inhonourof為了對(duì)……表示敬意;insearchof尋找。A重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)與句型1.holdup舉起,抬起;阻礙;使停頓;支撐

觀(guān)察思考Thebuildingworkhasbeenheldupbybadweather.由于天氣不好,建筑工程被耽擱下來(lái)了。

歸納拓展holdback縮回;阻止;隱瞞;抑制holdin抑制(感情等)holdout伸出;提供;堅(jiān)持;維持holddown阻止(某人),制止;限制holdonto抓緊;不放開(kāi);保住(優(yōu)勢(shì)等);不送(或不賣(mài))某物holdon等著;停住;堅(jiān)持住;等一下(別掛斷)活學(xué)活用____

amomentandIwillgotoyourrescue.A.GoonB.HoldonC.MoveonD.Carryon解析goon繼續(xù);holdon抓住不放,堅(jiān)持;moveon繼續(xù)前進(jìn);carryon繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。根據(jù)后句的“Iwillgotoyourrescue”可知,這里應(yīng)是“堅(jiān)持住;別松手”的意思。B2.giveaway贈(zèng)送;泄露;喪失觀(guān)察思考Ineedtogiveawaysomeoftheseoldbabyclothes.

我需要把這些舊的嬰兒衣服送出去一些。Don’tgiveawaymysecret.

不要泄露我的秘密。歸納拓展giveup放棄;讓出;戒掉giveback送還,歸還givein交上;投降,屈服giveoff發(fā)出;釋放giveout分發(fā);放出;用完,耗盡giveway讓路;讓步givewayto給……讓路/讓步;被……代替活學(xué)活用用givein,giveup,giveout,giveaway的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)Thebravesoldierpreferreddyingto__________.(2)Afteramonth,ourfoodsupplies________.(3)—Smokingisbadforyourhealth.—Yes,Iknow.ButIcan’tsimply_____it____.(4)Herface____her____whenshetoldalie.

givingingaveoutgiveupawaygave(教材原句P22)WheninRome，doastheRomansdo.WheninRome＝WhenyouareinRome.when，while，if，asif，although/though，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等引導(dǎo)的從句中，如果其謂語(yǔ)為be，而主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，則從句的主語(yǔ)和be可省略。有時(shí)從句的主語(yǔ)為it時(shí)，也可省略it或從句中的有關(guān)成分。1.When(Iwas)walkingalongthestreet，Iheardmy

name

called.當(dāng)我一個(gè)人在街上走的時(shí)候，我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人叫我的名字。2.Unless(itis)necessary，you’dbetternotrefertothedictionary.除非有必要，你最好不要參考詞典。12.(2010·浙江卷)Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise，if________regularly，canimproveourhealth.A．beingcarriedout B．carryingoutC．carriedout D．tocarryout答案：

C13．(2009·湖南卷)Everyeveningafterdinner，ifnot________fromwork，Iwillspendsometimewalkingmydog.A．beingtired B．tiringC．tired

D．tobetired解析：根該句是ifIamnottired的省略。betiredfrom表示“因……而疲勞”。答案：

C(教材原句P22)Onepersonthenholdsuphishand，palmoutwardsandfivefingersspread.然后一個(gè)人舉起手，手掌向外，五指分開(kāi)。本句中獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)palmoutwards和fivefingersspread作狀語(yǔ)。前一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成方式是：名詞＋副詞；后一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成方式是：名詞＋過(guò)去分詞。①Weatherpermitting，theywillgoforanoutingtotheseasidetomorrow如果天氣允許的話(huà)，他們明天將去海邊游玩。②Classover，thechildrenrushedoutoftheclassroom.下課了，孩子們沖出教室。③Workfinished，theywenthome.14.(重慶高考)Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool，theirlessons________fortheday.A．finishing B．finishedC．hadfinished

D．werefinished答案：B15．(山東高考)Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft，themostrecent________attheendoflastMarch.A．hasbeenlaunched B.having

beenlaunchedC．beinglaunchedD．tobelaunched答案：B【例1】____

hungryIam,Ineverseemtobeabletofinishoffthisloafofbread.(遼寧高考)A.WhateverB.WheneverC.WhereverD.However

解析句意為:無(wú)論我是多么饑餓,我似乎永遠(yuǎn)都不能吃完這個(gè)面包。A項(xiàng)“無(wú)論什么”;B項(xiàng)“無(wú)論在什么時(shí)候”;C項(xiàng)“無(wú)論在哪里”;D項(xiàng)“無(wú)論多么”。

課文原文Howeverhungryyouare,youshouldn’tstarttoeatbeforeyourhostdoes.考題回扣D【例2】—Sorry,Ihaveto____now.It’stimeforclass.—OK,I’llcallbacklater.(天津高考)A.hangupB.breakupC.giveupD.holdup

解析hangup掛斷電話(huà);breakup分解,分裂；拆散;giveup放棄;holdup支撐;耽擱。由語(yǔ)境中出現(xiàn)的callbacklater可知，此處應(yīng)選擇與打電話(huà)有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)。課文原文Onepersonthenholdsuphishand,palmoutwardsandfivefingersspread.A【例3】ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butit____berathercoldsometimes.(福建高考)A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would

解析must必然,一定;can可能;should應(yīng)該;would(過(guò)去)將,總會(huì)。本題提供的語(yǔ)境是“有時(shí)可能會(huì)……”。

課文原文Inalloftheseexamples,thehandsarebusywiththegreetingandcan’tholdaweapon.B【例4】Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew____withallbyourselveseveryday.(重慶高考)A.dealB.dealtC.todealD.dealing

解析句意為:隨著世界的快速變化,每天我們都有些新東西要自行應(yīng)對(duì)。由句意知,表示“有……要做”要用have...todo。

課文原文Soeveryculturehasdevelopedaformalway

togreetstrangers,toshowthemwearenotaggressive.C【例5】Wetriedtofindatableforseven,buttheywereall____.(安徽高考)A.givenawayB.keptawayC.takenupD.usedup

解析

句意為:我們想要找到一個(gè)七人餐桌,但它們都被占用了。giveaway泄露;分發(fā);keepaway使離開(kāi);useup用盡,均不合題意。takeup占據(jù),符合題意。

課文原文Peoplegiveawaymuchmorebytheirgesturesthanbytheirwords.C寫(xiě)作技能翻譯重組的基本方法一、合并法合并法是把若干個(gè)短句合并成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句。漢語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)意合，結(jié)構(gòu)較松散，因此簡(jiǎn)單句較多；英語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)形合，結(jié)構(gòu)較嚴(yán)密，因此長(zhǎng)句較多。所以漢譯英時(shí)要根據(jù)需要注意利用連詞、分詞、介詞、不定式、定語(yǔ)從句、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)等把漢語(yǔ)短句連成長(zhǎng)句。如：沒(méi)有農(nóng)業(yè)，人類(lèi)便不能生存，社會(huì)生產(chǎn)也就不能繼續(xù)下去。Butfor/Withoutagriculture,humancouldnotexist,norcouldsocialproductioncontinue.二、正譯法和反譯法所謂正譯，是指把句子按照與漢語(yǔ)相同的語(yǔ)序或表達(dá)方式譯成英語(yǔ)。所謂反譯則是指把句子按照與漢語(yǔ)相反的語(yǔ)序或表達(dá)方式譯成英語(yǔ)。正譯與反譯常常具有同義的效果，但反譯往往更符合英語(yǔ)的思維方式和表達(dá)習(xí)慣，因此比較地道。如：政府應(yīng)致力于降低房?jī)r(jià)，讓百姓買(mǎi)得起房。正譯：Thegovernmentshouldmakeeffortstobringdownthepricesofhousessothatpeoplecanaffordthem.反譯：Thegovernmentshouldmakeeffortstobringdownthepricesofhousessothathousesareavailable（topeople）.

三、倒置法在漢語(yǔ)中，定語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)往往位于被修飾語(yǔ)之前；在英語(yǔ)中，許多修飾語(yǔ)常常位于被修飾語(yǔ)之后，因此翻譯時(shí)往往要把原文的語(yǔ)序顛倒過(guò)來(lái)。如：改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasincetheintroductionofthereformandopeningpolicy.

四、插入法把難以處理的句子用破折號(hào)、括號(hào)或前后逗號(hào)插入譯句中，即用同位語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)處理一些解釋性成分。如：在某種程度上，成功源自自信，而成功也會(huì)增強(qiáng)自信。Tosomeextent,successresultsfromselfconfidencewhileitalsohelpsenhanceselfconfidence.即時(shí)練習(xí)——請(qǐng)用以上翻譯重組的技巧翻譯下列句子1.他仍然沒(méi)有弄懂我的意思。（正反譯）2.我們需要大量有豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)的志愿者。3.我們覺(jué)得幫助他人是我們的職責(zé)。Hestillcouldnotunderstandme.（正譯）Stillhefailedtounderstandme.（反譯）Weneedanumberofvolunteerswhohaverichexperience.Wefeelitourdutytohelpothers.4.不保護(hù)環(huán)境，我們就將沒(méi)有干凈的飲用水。5.我們可以通過(guò)經(jīng)常鍛煉和保持健康的飲食來(lái)強(qiáng)身健體。6.我想知道講座是否有錄音。如果有，我可以借嗎？（插入法）Ifwedonotprotecttheenvironment,wewillhavenocleandrinkingwater.Wecanbuildupourbodybytakingregularexerciseandkeepingahealthydiet.Iwonderifthelecturewasrecorded.Ifso,canIborrowatape?7.我的家鄉(xiāng)位于北江河畔，是個(gè)風(fēng)景秀麗適合居住的城市。8.如果您能考慮我的建議，我將感激不盡。Myhometown,abeautifulcitylocatedontheBeijingRiver,isaplacesuitableforliving.I’llappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldconsidermyadvice.Ⅰ.品句填詞1.She________(做手勢(shì))herdisappointmentbylayingherhandonherforehead.2.Youareonly_________(稍稍)underweightforyourheight.3.Thiswoundedsoldierwas____________(無(wú)意識(shí)的)forlosingalotofblood.4.Thisfestivalis______________(傳統(tǒng)地)heldinMay.5.Shemaybeangryifyoudon’treplytoher___________(邀請(qǐng)).自主檢測(cè)gesturedslightlyunconscioustraditionallyinvitation6.Their_____________(交流)lastedabouttwohoursabouttheproblem.7.Everydayeachofusmakesdecisionsthat________(包含)takingachance.8.Theprotestsbecamemoreviolentandmanylandownerswere________(驚慌)intoleavingthecountry.9.Theblackpeoplearestillstrugglingfor_________(平等)withthewhites.10.Peopleareeasilybe__________(傳染)bythepersonswhohavegotA(H1N1)flu.communicationinvolvepanickedequalityinfectedⅡ.詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用1.Thevillagersare

againsttheflooddayandnight.2.We_____________onourwaytotheairportinatrafficjam.3.Icame_______special________.4.Ispoke____________hisopinion.5.Mygrandfatherusedtowalk___________intheyard,withabookinhishand.onguard,makeadeal,holdup,giveaway,liftup,upanddown,switchon,sayhelloto,atone’srequest,infavorofonguardwereheldupatyourrequestinfavorofupanddown6.Itwastoodarkintheroom,sohe___________thelight.7.Thebehaviorofthethief____himself____andwascaughtbythepoliceman.8.Asastudent,youshould_____________yourteacherswhenmeetingthem.9.Fortunately,thetwoparts____________attheendofthediscussion.10.Nobodycan________thestonebucketinthisarea.switchedongaveawaysayhellotomadeadealliftupⅢ.翻譯句子1.請(qǐng)不要把我牽連到你們的問(wèn)題中。(involve)Pleasedon’tinvolvemeinyourproblem.2.他要求用完房子后要清理一下。(request)Herequestedthattheroom(should)becleanedafterbeingused.3.人們通過(guò)姿勢(shì)所傳達(dá)的信息比用語(yǔ)言所傳達(dá)的要多。(giveaway)Peoplegiveawaymoreinformationbytheirgesturesthanbytheirwords.4.無(wú)論何時(shí)需要,你都可以向我求助。(whenever)Youcanturntomeforhelpwhenevernecessary.5.Ifyouhaveameal,don’tstarteatingbeforeeveryoneelseisserved.假如你在吃飯,在別人的飯菜未端上來(lái)之前不要開(kāi)始吃。Ⅳ.單項(xiàng)填空1.Allclubmembersarerequested____theannualmeeting.A.attendingB.toattendC.forattendingD.tobeattended

解析句意為:要求所有的俱樂(lè)部成員都要出席年會(huì)。requestsb.todosth.要求某人做某事,故選B項(xiàng)。

B2.Thereweretoomanypeople____thematter.A.involvingB.involvinginC.involvedD.involvedin

解析beinvolvedinsth.與……有牽連。句意為:太多的人與此事有瓜葛。3.Honestyisakindofqualityandthat’swhatittakesto____withotherssuccessfully.A.communicateB.reportC.sayD.tell

解析communicatewithsb.和某人交流。其它三個(gè)詞不和with搭配使用。DA4.—Areyouworriedabouthersafety?—Just____.Sheisn’talone.A.entirelyB.slightlyC.graduallyD.generally

解析由答語(yǔ)中的just和sheisn’talone知是“有一點(diǎn)兒擔(dān)心”。5.Thosechildren____whentheyrealizedthattheyhadlosttheirway.A.hurriedoffB.leftC.nervousaboutD.panicked

解析句意為:當(dāng)他們意識(shí)到他們迷路了,那些孩子變得驚慌失措起來(lái)。BD6.Featuressuchasheight,weight,andskincolor____fromindividualtoindividual.A.changeB.varyC.alterD.convert

解析vary常和from搭配使用,構(gòu)成:varyfrom...to...由……到……不等。7.Wehaveplantedagreatmanytreesinorderto____windandsandinthedesert.A.holddownB.holdupC.holdbackD.holdout

解析

holdback阻擋;holddown抑制(價(jià)格等);holdup舉起;推遲;holdout伸出;堅(jiān)持。BC8.It’sbadmannersto____whenothersaretalkingtoyou.A.switchto