寫作指導(dǎo)-句式的多樣化

寫作指導(dǎo)----句式的多樣化句式就是句子的結(jié)構(gòu)方式，也就是句子的式樣或格式。不同的思想內(nèi)容要用不同的句式來表達(dá)；而同一思想內(nèi)容也可以用不同的句式來表達(dá)。句式不同，表達(dá)效果也就不同。只有句式多樣化，文章才會生動有趣，充滿活力。一篇文章中若只是采用千篇一律的簡單句，文章定會單調(diào)乏味，毫無生氣。恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂媚承┓椒ɑ蚴侄斡兄趯?shí)際表達(dá)形式的多樣化，增強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果。茲將常用方法簡單介紹如下：一、改變句子開頭許多學(xué)生在寫作中傾向于用與人有關(guān)系的詞性，用名詞和代詞作為句子的開頭，如People，We，I，He，They，She等。但這種開頭見多了，難免讓人厭倦。試比較：A.Peoplethroughoutthecountryhavegreatlydemandedallkindsofnutritiousfood.B.Thereisagreatdemandacrossthecountryforallkindsofnutritiousfood.第一句改用非人稱名詞作為主語開頭，第二句則用there＋be句型開頭。這樣既改變了主語＋謂語＋賓語單調(diào)句型，又把想強(qiáng)調(diào)的意思突出出來。實(shí)際上，為了把文章寫得生動活潑，除了用主語開頭外，還可以用句子的其他成分開頭。一、改變句子的開頭Studentsfallintothehabitofcheatingonteststoooften.Too

often，studentsfallintothehabitofcheatingontests.1.用副詞開頭一、改變句子的開頭Air，waterandoxygenareallnecessaryforlife.Air，waterandoxygen，everythingthatisnecessaryforlife.2.用同位語開頭一、改變句子的開頭ThehouselookedverydifferentfromthewayIrememberedit,darkandempty.Darkandempty，thehouselookedverydifferentfromthewayIrememberedit.3.用狀語開頭一、改變句子的開頭Intenseinterestpluspersistenteffortareequallyessentialtothehighestsuccessinlearningalanguage.Equallyessentialtothehighestsuccessinlearningalanguageare

intenseinterestpluspersistenteffort.4.用表語開頭一、改變句子的開頭youwouldnotlistentomyadvice；youlaughedatmyhelps.Nowyouwillhavewhatyouaskedfor.Myadviceyouwouldnotlistento；myhelpsyoulaughedat.Nowyouwillhavewhatyouaskedfor.5.用賓語開頭一、改變句子的開頭Thenewswasveryinterestingtome，butitwasveryboringtomywife.Tomethenewswasveryinteresting，buttomywifeveryboring.6.以介詞短語開頭一、改變句子的開頭MiketookflightforthepacificislandsbecausehewasdisturbedbythediscordofAmericanlifeinrecentdecades.DisturbedbythediscordofAmericanlifeinrecentdecades，Miketookflightforthepacificislands.7.以分詞短語開頭一、改變句子的開頭Youshouldworkveryhardtopasstheexam.Topasstheexam，youshouldworkveryhard.8.以不定式短語開頭有的學(xué)生在作文中使用過多簡單句，成了簡單句堆砌；有的寫復(fù)雜句時，動輒用so，and，then，but，or，however，yet等非但達(dá)不到豐富表達(dá)方式的目的，反而使句子結(jié)構(gòu)松散、呆板。為了避免這種現(xiàn)象，可以通過使用連接詞，尤其是一些表示從屬關(guān)系的連接詞，如who，which，that，because，since，although，after，as，before，when，whenever，if，unless，asif等，不僅能夠豐富句型，而且還能夠把思想表達(dá)得更清楚，意義更連貫。二、巧用連接詞Naturalresourcesareverylimited.Theywillbeexhaustedinthenearfuture.Itisnottrue.Butitbecomesamajorconcernaroundtheworld.Thisisawidelyacceptedfact.Itisawidelyacceptedfactthatthereisamajorconcernaroundtheworldfortheexhaustionoflimitednaturalresourcesinthenearfuture，thoughitisunlikelytobetrue.前段文字用簡單句表達(dá)，它們之間內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系含糊不清，意思支離破碎。后段文字使用連接詞，將單句與其前后合并，形成主次關(guān)系，就把一個比較復(fù)雜的內(nèi)容和關(guān)系表達(dá)得層次清楚、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。TheMississippiRiverisoneofthelongestriversintheworld，andinspringtimeitoftenoverflowsitsbanks，andthelivesofmanypeopleareendangered.TheMississippiRiver，whichisoneofthelongestriversintheworld，oftenoverflowsitsbanksinthespringtime，endangeringthelivesofmanypeople.前句用and把三個分句一貫到底，既乏味又可笑。后句了關(guān)系代詞which，語義更連貫，語言更流暢。高考大綱中常用連接詞在同一話題上補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容----另外,還有

whatismore,besides,

also,moreover,inadditionA.Therentisreasonable,andmoreover,thelocationisperfect.B.Idon’twanttogo;besides,

I’mtootired.高考大綱中常用連接詞2.表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系----但是,然而,相反

but,however,yet,instead,ontheotherhand,onthecontraryA.It’stoohottogoforawalk;let’sgoswimminginstead.B.Theyoungmandidn’tenjoyhisoldjob.Onthecontrary,hefindsthenewjobveryinteresting.高考大綱中常用連接詞3.表示因果關(guān)系1)因?yàn)?since,as,because(of)2)因此,所以so,thus,therefore,asaresult,sothat

A.Becauseoftheheavyrain,theyhadtoputoffthematch.B.Idon’twanttodisturbherasshe’satanimportantmeeting.C.Thesebirdsareveryrareandthereforeprotectedbylaw.高考大綱中常用連接詞4.表示條件關(guān)系1)如果,只要if,aslongas,onthecondition(that)2)除非unless3)否則orelse

A.Hecouldborrowmycaraslongashedidn’tdrivetoofast.B.I’llcomeonconditionthatJohnisinvitedtoo.高考大綱中常用連接詞5.表示時間關(guān)系當(dāng)-----的時候when,while在-----之后after在-----之前before直到until一-----就assoonas不久soon后來,然后later,afterwards自從since近來lately,recently從那時起fromthenon

A.Iwaiteduntil10o’clock,buthestilldidn’tcome.B.It’sbeenyearssinceIlastsawhim.C.Wehaddinnerandwenthomeafterwards.高考大綱中常用連接詞6.表示順序關(guān)系首先firstofall,firstly,first首先,最主要的aboveall其次secondly然后then,next最后finally,intheend

A.Andaboveall,remembertosendusyournewaddress.B.Firstly,I’llmentiontheadvantages,

thenI’lltalkaboutthedisadvantages.C.FirstIneedyournameandaddress.

Secondly,what’syourdateofbirth?高考大綱中常用連接詞7.換一種方法表達(dá)換句話說:

inotherwords,thatistosay,toputitanotherway

Yourperformanceintheexamdidnotreachtherequiredstandard----inotherwords,youfailed.高考大綱中常用連接詞8.進(jìn)行舉例說明例如,比如:

forinstance,forexample,like,suchas

A.Alotofuswanttoleavenow----Bill,forexample.B.We’veplantedlotsofdifferentflowers,suchasroses,carnations,andpopies.高考大綱中常用連接詞9.用于陳述事實(shí)實(shí)際上infact,actually,asamatteroffact

Shesaysit’sagoodfilm.Actually,shehasn’tseenitatall.高考大綱中常用連接詞10.總而言之,總的說來inaword,inshort,onthewhole,allinall,ingeneral

A.Inshort,thefilmwasthebestI’veeverseen.B.Inaword,theareaofdesertintheworldisgrowingeveryyear.1.巧用倒裝句三、巧用特殊句式A.Onlyinthiswaycanweachieveourgoal.B.NeverbeforehaveIseensuchawonderfulfilm.

2.巧用強(qiáng)調(diào)句三、巧用特殊句式Itwasnotuntilallthepeoplearrivedthatthemeetingbegan.

3.巧用感嘆句三、巧用特殊句式A.HowtimefliesB.Whatabeautifulgirlsheis

!!4.巧用省略句三、巧用特殊句式A.Ifso,victorywillbeours.B.Youcanmakesomechangeswherevernecessary.

5.巧用反意疑問句三、巧用特殊句式Everythingbeginstogrowinspring,doesn’tit?

Tomisn'tagoodstudent,foritisthetenthtimehehasbeenlatethisweek,isn'tit?6.巧用祈使句三、巧用特殊句式Neverdothingsbyhalves!Let’sworkhardtogether!

四、巧用固定句型1、as句型：2、prefer句型：3、when句型：4、seem句型：5、too句型：6、倍數(shù)句型：7、It＋不及物動詞＋從句8、比較句型：9、表法猜測的句型：

10、‘IF’虛擬條件句11、Itis+時間+since句型12、Ifonly...!真希望……!若是……那該多好啊!…

句式轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)1.Thereisanoldtempleontopofthehill.2.Mr.Greenisatallman,whowearsapairofthickglasses.3.Theproblem(thatwewilldiscussatthemeeting)isveryimportant.4.ShehasalargeofbooksandmostofthemareEnglishbooks.5.Ittooktheworkerstwoandahalfyearstobuild