名詞-中考英語語法專題課件

初中語法綜合復(fù)習(xí)全解初中語法綜合1P1NounP1Noun2Objectives可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)；不可數(shù)名詞；專有名詞；4.名詞所有格。Objectives可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)；3名詞概述名詞的概念：用來表示各種各樣的人和事物名稱的詞就是名詞。名詞的范圍：人稱、具體事物、抽象事物、時間、地點、方向等。名詞概述名詞的概念：用來表示各種各樣的人和事物名稱的詞就是名4名詞的分類專有名詞：姓名，國家，語言，月份，星期，節(jié)日，大學(xué)等普通名詞可數(shù)名詞(有單復(fù)數(shù)之分)個體名詞集體名詞不可數(shù)名詞（沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式)物質(zhì)名詞：自然物質(zhì)，食品、飲料等抽象名詞：情感，學(xué)科，概念等（某類人或東西中的個體）（若干個個體組成的集合體）（無法分為個體的實物）名詞名詞的分類專有名詞：姓名，國家，語言，月份，星期，節(jié)日，大學(xué)5考點例析—Mum,1amhungry.May1havesome__?—Ofcourse.Butdon'teattoomuch.

（2012山東濟(jì)南）breadB.noodleC.dumplingD.hamburger【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。bread“面包”;noodle“面條”;dumpling“水餃”;hamburger“漢堡”由下文的toomuch（太多）,修飾不可數(shù)名詞,可知空格處也須用不可數(shù)名詞。故選A。

考點例析—Mum,1amhungry.May1h6

可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化：①一般加-s，清輔音后讀/s/，濁輔音后讀/z/。friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;②以-s,-x,-sh,-ch結(jié)尾的加-es讀/iz/。

bus→buses;fox→foxes;match→matches;dish→dishes.

可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化：7③輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，改y為i再加-es；元音字母加y結(jié)尾，直接加-s。

candy→candies;boy→boys.④部分以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞：把f、fe改為v，再加-es,口訣:半片樹葉自己黃(half,leaf,self)妻子拿刀去殺狼(wife,knife,wolf)

架后小偷逃命忙(shelf,thief,life)

③輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，改y為i再加-es；元音字母加y結(jié)尾，8名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化：

①含man的名詞，一般變man為men。

woman→women,policeman→policemen,Englishman→Englishmen，但German→Germans。

②將oo改為ee的有foot→feet,

tooth→teeth,goose→geese等。

③復(fù)數(shù)以en結(jié)尾的有child→children,ox→oxen等。

④將ouse改為ice的有mouse→mice,louse→lice(虱子)等。

名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化：9⑤有些名詞是單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)不分的

deer;fish;sheep;Chinese;Japanese.⑥以o結(jié)尾的詞：黑人英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿-es;廣播錄像動物園，鋼琴袋鼠照相片-s.⑦外來詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化：datum-data

數(shù)據(jù)basis-bases基礎(chǔ)。⑧復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化主要詞變復(fù)數(shù):

passer-by→passers-byfather-in-law→fathers-in-law前后兩詞都變復(fù)數(shù):manteacher→menteachers

⑤有些名詞是單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)不分的10

不可數(shù)名詞“量”的表達(dá)

不可數(shù)名詞前面不能用定冠詞a/an,也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。不可數(shù)名詞的“量”經(jīng)常由可數(shù)名詞來幫助表達(dá)，常用結(jié)構(gòu)：

表示數(shù)量的詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞。

不可數(shù)名詞“量”的表達(dá)111.確切數(shù)量的表達(dá)方式：當(dāng)表示“一杯/袋……”時，單位詞要用單數(shù)形式，如:aglassofwater。

當(dāng)表示“兩杯/袋……”時，單位詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如:twoglassesofwater。2.不確切數(shù)量的表達(dá)方式：當(dāng)表示大概，不確定的數(shù)量時，可運用下列單詞或短語：①修飾可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞：some,any,plentyof,alotof,lotsof等。

Pleasegivemesomepaper.

1.確切數(shù)量的表達(dá)方式：12②只修飾可數(shù)名詞的有：

many,several,hundredsof,anumberof,agroupof,apairof,quiteafew,few等。Youhavemadequiteafewmistakesinyourcomposition.③只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：

much,agreatdealof,abitof,adropof,apieceof,alittle等。

Iwantapieceofchalk.Pleasegivemealittleink.

②只修飾可數(shù)名詞的有：13Individualactivity注:另附word文檔。點擊此處鏈接Individualactivity注:另附word14I.Multiplechoice1.Weshouldclean

twiceaday.A.ourtoothB.ourtoothsC.teethD.ourteeth

2.—Oh,thereisn'tenough___forusinthelift.—Nohurry.Let'swaitforthenext.A.ground

B.floor

C.placeD.roomI.Multiplechoice1.Weshould153.—CanIhelpyou?—I’dlike

formytwindaughters.A.twopairshoesB.twopairsshoesC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsofshoes

4.Therearefour

andtwo

inthegroup.A.Japanese,GermenB.Japaneses,GermenC.Japanese,GermanD.Japanese,Germans3.—CanIhelpyou?165.Theoldmanwants

.A.sixboxesofapplesB.sixboxesofappleC.sixboxofapplesD.sixboxsofapples

6.There

some

intheriver.A.is,fishB.are,fishsC.is,fishsD.are,fish

5.Theoldmanwants17II.在空格中填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Icanseethree________(monkey)inthezoo.2.There

is

a

lot

of________

(water)

in

the

bottle.

Iseeyouhaveafewwhite______(hair).4.Ilike

(strawberry)becausetheyaresweetandjuicy.monkeyswaterhairstrawberriesII.在空格中填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。m185.Theboyshavegottwo

(piece)of

(bread)already.6.Lucywillshowussomenew____

(photo)ofhers.7.TheseGermanswanttohavesome_____(fish)forsupper，sotheydecidetocatch_____(some)now.8.Therearesome(child)inthegarden.piecesbreadphotosfishsomechildren5.Theboyshavegottwo19III.Translation1.史密斯先生經(jīng)常有一些好消息告訴我們。2.孩子們都非常喜歡看動物園里面的猴子。3.您需要一些面包嗎？不，謝謝您。我一點兒也不餓。4.桌上有兩盒蛋糕四瓶橘子汁。5.我們學(xué)校有很多的女老師,她們工作很努力。6.請遞給我們兩杯牛奶。

III.Translation1.史密斯先生經(jīng)常有一些好消201.MrSmithalwayshassomegoodpiecesofnewstotellus.2.

Therearealotofwomenteachersinourschool.Theyworkveryhard.3.Wouldyoulikesomebread?No,thankyou.I’mnothungryatall.4.

Therearetwoboxesofcakesandfourbottlesoforange.5.Therearealotofwomenteachersinourschool.Theyworkveryhard.6.Pleasepassustwoglassesofmilk.

1.MrSmithalwayshassomego211.

—Well,youlooksohappy!

—BecauseIgotagood_____.

(2010四川內(nèi)江)

A.work

B.news

C.job2.

Youcangetmuch____abouttheWorldExpoontheInternet.(2010年上海)A.map B.picture C.ticket D.information

實戰(zhàn)中考1.—Well,youlooksohappy!223.Weneedtocomeupwitha/an___andmakeadecisionatonce.(2010吉林通化)A.information B.advice C.idea D.news4.—Wouldyoulikesome___?—No,thankyou.I’mnothungryatall.(2010湖南)A.water B.books C.clothes D.bread3.Weneedtocomeupwitha/a235.Ilike___alot,andmymotherusuallycooksitindifferentways.(2010山西) A.fishB.potatoesC.noodles6.MrBlackgaveus___onhowtolearnEnglishwell.

(2010新疆阜康)anadvice B.manyadvices C.someadviceD.someadvices5.Ilike___alot,andmymot247.Pleasepickupthe____.Don’tkeepitonthefloor. (2010山東菏澤市)A.water B.paper C.books D.bottles8.Isawmany___eatinggrassonthehill.(2010浙江東陽市)A.horseB.cowC.rabbitD.sheep7.Pleasepickupthe____.Do259.—Wouldyoulikesomedrinks,boys?—Yes,___,please.(2010四川眉山)A.someorangesB.twoboxesofchocolateC.somecakesD.twoboxesofcola10.—CanIhelpyou? —I’dlike__formytwindaughters.(2010山東濱州)twopairofshoesB.twopairsofshoeC.twopairofshoeD.twopairsofshoes9.—Wouldyoulikesomedrinks,2611.Forbreakfast,Iusuallyhave__andtwopiecesofbread.(2011杭州)A.acupofmilkhalfB.halfacupofmilkC.ahalfmilkcupD.halfamilkcup12.Jackhas____.(2011南寧)A.twopiecesofbreadsB.twopiecesofbreadC.twopiecesbreadD.twopieceofbread11.Forbreakfast,Iusually2713.–CanIhelpyou,sir?–I’dliketohave100___.Iwantmystudentstodrawpictures.(2011德陽)A.pieceofpaper B.piecesofpaperC.piecesofpapers14.The___ofteneatgrassonthehill.(2012湖北隨州)A.chickenB.horseC.cowD.sheep13.–CanIhelpyou,sir?2815.“Whatdoweneedforthesalad?”“Weneedtwoapplesandthree____.”(2012貴州貴陽)A.orangeB.tomatoesC.broccoli16.ThestudentsofGrade7visitedMike’sfarmandsawmany___there.(2012廣東)A.bird B.duck C.sheep D.rabbit15.“Whatdoweneedforthe2917.TheInternetisveryuseful.Wecangetalotof____fromit.(2012廣西玉林)A.thingB.messageC.informationsD.information18.—Whatisyourfavoritefood?—Ilike__best.Ihadalargebowllastnight.(2012廣西玉林)A.potatonoodleB.potatoesnoodlesC.potatonoodlesD.potatoesnoodles17.TheInternetisveryusefu3019.Couldyoupleasegivesome___tothe___teachers?(2012貴州安順)

A.advice;man B.advices;menC.suggestion;manD.suggestions;men20.—Wouldyoulikesome____?—Yes,alittleplease.(2012山東泰安)A.appleB.bananaC.orangeD.milk19.Couldyoupleasegivesome3121.I’mgoingtothesupermarkettobuysome____thisafternoon.（2012陜西）A.paperandpencilB.applesandbananaC.milkandeggsD.bowlandspoons22.—Whatkindofnoodleswouldyoulike?

—___.(2012貴州黔東南州)

A.MuttonandtomatoesnoodlesB.MuttonandtomatonoodlesC.MuttonsandtomatoesnoodlesD.Muttonsandtomatonoodles

21.I’mgoingtothesupermark32I’msohungry.Pleasegiveme

toeat.(2013四川遂寧)A.threebreadB.threepiecesofbreadC.threepiecesofbreads24.—WhatcanIdoforyou?—Err,Iwantaglassofmilk,somebreadand____.(2013湖南婁底)A.somechickensB.anychickensC.somechicken

I’msohungry.Pleasegiveme3325.

Therearesome____onthefloor.（2013四川南充）

A.milk B.child C.boxes

26.—WhereisThomas?—Helefta

.（2013四川涼山）

A.informationB.messageC.news27.

—Arethereany____inyourschool?—Yes,thereare.（2013四川廣安）

A.GermenB.GermansC.German25.Therearesome____onthe3428.Thestudentsdidn’tfindmuch___aboutthetopiconthatwebsite.（2013上海）A.reportB.article C.information D.story29.—Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?—,___please.（2013湖北黃岡）

A.Twoglassofwater B.TwoglassofwatersC.Twocupsoftea D.Twocupsofteas28.Thestudentsdidn’tfindm3530.Eatingmorevegetablesisgoodforourhealth.Iofteneatlettuce,broccoliand__.（2013廣西玉林）A.tomato B.tomatos C.tomatoesD.potato31.Isawsome___and___dancinginthestreetthedaybeforeyesterday.

（2013黑龍江綏化）A.Germen;EnglishmenB.Germans;EnglishmansC.Germans;Englishmen30.Eatingmorevegetablesis36考點例析

I’mgoingonholidayonthe12th.Ihavetobebackatworkonthe26th.SoI’vegottwo

holiday.(2011山東中考)weeksB.weeks’C.week’sD.week【解析】本題考查名詞所有格,以s,es結(jié)尾的名詞,一般只加“’”構(gòu)成,故選B?？键c例析I’mgoingonholidayon37名詞所有格表示所屬關(guān)系，有以下幾種形式：①表示人或其它有生命的東西的名詞常在詞尾加’s。如：Children’sDay(兒童節(jié)),mysister’sbook(我姐姐的書)②以s或es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,只在詞尾加’。如：Teachers’Day(教師節(jié))，

workers’right（工人的權(quán)利）

名詞所有格表示所屬關(guān)系，有以下幾種形式：38

③如果兩個名詞并列并且都加’s則表示分別有；只有’s一個則表示共有。John’s

andMary’sroom；John

andMary’sroom.④有些表示時間、距離以及世界、國家、城鎮(zhèn)等無生命的名詞,也可在詞尾加’s。

today’snewspaper(今天的報紙),

tenminutes’break(十分鐘的休息),China’spopulation(中國的人口).③如果兩個名詞并列并且都加’s則表示分別有；只39⑤無論表示有生命還是無生命的東西的名詞,一般均可用介詞of短語來表示所有關(guān)系。afinedaughteroftheParty(黨的好女兒)thelegsofthechair(椅子腿)thenameofmysister’sfriend(我姐姐的朋友的名字)thestoryofDr.Smith(史密斯醫(yī)生/博士的故事)⑤無論表示有生命還是無生命的東西的名詞,一般均可用介詞of短40Individualactivity注:另附word文檔。點擊此處鏈接Individualactivity注:另附word41Multiplechoice1.TodayisSeptember10th.It's___Day.A.TeacherB.Teacher'sC.Teachers'D.Teacher'2.It'sJune1st,it's____Day.A.ChildrensB.Children'sC.Childrens'D.Childrens's

3.Thisyear,____isonMay9th.A.Mymother'sbirthdayB.Mymothers'birthdayC.MymothersbirthdayD.Mymothers’sbirthdayMultiplechoice424.LinTaoisill,sohehastogotothe

.A.doctorB.doctor'sC.doctors'D.doctor’5.—WhereisMr.Zhang?—Heisinthe____.A.teacher'sreadingroomB.teachers'readingroomC.teacherreadingroomD.teachersreadingroom6.Thisis___ball.It'snot____.A.theboy's,girl'sB.theboy's,thegirl'sC.theboy,thegirlD.boys',girls4.LinTaoisill,sohehast43Ⅱ.在空格中填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.

(李明的父母)workinabighospital.2.Thisis

(我妹妹的語文書).3.

(雙胞胎的臥室)

areverynice.LiMing’sparentsmysister’sChinesebookThetwin’sbedroomⅡ.在空格中填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。444.

(王平和王明的父親)

isahotelmanager.5.Isthis

(你的好朋友的鋼筆)?6.Theyare

(Peter和Sam的老師).WangPingandWangMing’sfatheryourgoodfriend’spenPeter’sandSam’steachersWangPingandWangMing’sfa451.學(xué)生們的桌椅很新。2.林紅和張偉的學(xué)校很大。3.劉偉的妻子的朋友來自廣州。4.我父親的和他父親的朋友來自北京。III.TranslationThestudents’desksandchairsareverynew.LinHongandZhangWei’sschoolisverybig.ThefriendofLiuWei’swifeisfromGuangzhou.Myfather’sandhisfather’sfriendsarefromBeijing.1.學(xué)生們的桌椅很新。III.Translation46Ourschoolisonly___walkfromhere.

(2011南京)A.five-minuteB.fiveminute'sC.fiveminutesD.fiveminutes‘2.June1stis___Day.Allthechildrenenjoyitverymuch.(2011四川眉山)

A.ChildrenB.Childrens’C.Children’sD.Child實戰(zhàn)中考Ourschoolisonly___walkfro473.September10this___Day.（2011長沙）A.Teacher B.Teachers' C.MothersD.Mother4.—Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?—It’sabouttwenty___walk.（2011湖北恩施）

A.minute’s B.minutes’C.minutes3.September10this___Day.485.My

skirtisonthechair.（2012廣西）

A.sisters' B.sister C.sisters D.sister's6.

—JennyandJane's___comingtomyoffice.Canyouhelptofindthegirls?—Noproblem.Theywillbehere___.（2012湖北黃岡）

A.mothersare;inamomentB.motheris;atthemomentC.mothersare;rightawayD.motheris;inamoment5.Myskirtisonthech49____fatherscan’tgototheclassmeetingbecausetheyhavegonetobusiness.

（2013山東威海）

A.JackandMike’sB.Jack’sandMike’sC.JackandMikeD.Jack’sandMike8.Lookatthemanoverthere.Heis___uncle.