風(fēng)格與翻譯課件

風(fēng)格與翻譯風(fēng)格與翻譯1ⅰ正式語體和非正式語體?！帮L(fēng)格的區(qū)分”包括詞匯和句子兩個層次的風(fēng)格韻律比較。詞匯層次比較可以通過三個方面：ⅰ正式語體和非正式語體?！帮L(fēng)格的區(qū)分”包括詞匯和句子兩個層次21、詞源：拉丁語詞源>法語詞源>英語詞源（“>”表示正式程度更高）Conflagration>flame>fireTrepidation>terror>fearDiminutive>petite>small/littleConsecrated>sacred>holy1、詞源：拉丁語詞源>法語詞源>英語詞源（“>”表示正式程度3Ascend>mount>riseIngest>dine>eatCommence>beginConclude>endEmployment>jobAscend>mount>rise42、語域：專業(yè)詞匯>日常詞匯，詩體詞匯、古語詞匯>普通詞匯Stanza(professional)>partProtagnist(professional)>leadingrole/figurePuissant(poetic)>strong/powerful2、語域：專業(yè)詞匯>日常詞匯，詩體詞匯、古語詞匯>普通詞匯S5Plaint(poetic)>complaintHoarfrosty(archaic)>hoary;hoarMaiden(poetic)>girlSlumber>sleepYonder(archaic)>overtherePlaint(poetic)>complaint6Depart>leaveApprehensive>scaredExplode>blowResign>quitFatigued>tiredfail>flunkDepart>leave7法律合同中常見的正式詞匯(括號內(nèi)為一般用詞和中文的翻譯)miscellaneous(othermatters其他事宜)rescind(cancel撤銷)priorto(before在……之前)obligation(duty責(zé)任／義務(wù))certify(prove證明)expiry(end期滿)法律合同中常見的正式詞匯(括號內(nèi)為一般用詞和中文的翻譯)mi8commence（begin開始)inform(tell告知)revise(correct／change修正)proceed(go進行)consent(agreement同意)deem(think認(rèn)為)render(give給予)rescind(cancel撤銷)commence（begin開始)9（孔乙己）直起身子看一看豆，自己搖頭說：“不多不多，多乎哉？不多也！”Thenstraighteninguptolookatthepeasagain,hewouldshakehishead.”Notmuch!Verily!Notmuch,forsooth!”（楊憲益譯）Thenhe’dstraightenup,waghisheadfromsidetosideasthoughintoningtheclassicsandsay:“Fewbemybeans.Haththegentlemanmany?Nay,hehathhardlyany.”(WillianLyell)（孔乙己）直起身子看一看豆，自己搖頭說：“不多不多，多乎哉？103、形態(tài)：單個動詞>短語動詞Encounter>comeacrossInvestigate>lookintoTolerate>putupwithParticipate>takepartinUtilize>MakegooduseofSurrender>turnin3、形態(tài)：單個動詞>短語動詞Encounter>comea11完全形式>縮略形式Advertisement>adTelevision>TVSubway/submarine>subLaboratory>labCannot>can’tIam>I’mItis>it’s完全形式>縮略形式Advertisement>ad12嚴(yán)格的一致關(guān)系(concord)>不嚴(yán)格的一致關(guān)系Everyoneshoulddohisbest.(formal)Everyoneshoulddotheirbest.(informal)I’msurprisedathismakingsuchafoolishmistake.(formal)I’msurprisedathimmakingsuchafoolishmistake.(informal)HespeaksFrenchbetterthanIdo.(formal)HespeaksFrenchbetterthanme.(informal)嚴(yán)格的一致關(guān)系(concord)>不嚴(yán)格的一致關(guān)系Every13表示方式的介詞短語>單個副詞Hespeaksinahaltingway.(formal)Hespeakshaltingly.(informal)Hespokeconfidently.(informal)Hespokeinaconfidentway.(formal)Hespokewithconfidence.(formal)表示方式的介詞短語>單個副詞Hespeaksinah14句子層次比較可以通過幾個方面：1、閱讀ACommunicativeGrammarofEnglish(Leech&Svartvik,1975)，熟記連詞、介詞的風(fēng)格差異Leech,G.&Svartvik,J.(1975).ACommunicativeGrammarofEnglish.London:Longman.句子層次比較可以通過幾個方面：15比如notwithstanding>despite(inspiteof)>though；inorderthat>inorderto>soasto；providedthat/onconditionthat>solongasonaccountthat>onaccountof>because比如notwithstanding>despite(in162、強調(diào)前置的倒裝語序>普通語序HadIknownthisbefore,Iwouldhavetoldyouearlier.(formal)IfIhadhadknown,Iwouldhavetoldyouearlier.(informal)GoIcan’t..(formal)>Ican’tgo.(informal)Yieldhewouldnot.(formal)>Hewouldnotyield(informal)2、強調(diào)前置的倒裝語序>普通語序HadIknownth17Alsodiscussedwasarevenue-raisingproposaltohikethefueltax.>(formal)Arevenue-raisingproposalwasalsodiscussedtohikethefueltax.(informal)Outwasthenailtaken.(formal)>Thenailwastakenout.(informal)Alsodiscussedwasarevenue-r183、分詞或名詞構(gòu)成的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)>由連詞引導(dǎo)的從句Feelingtired,Johnwenttobedearly.(formal)Johnwenttobedearlybecausehefelttired.(formal)Johnfelttired,sohewenttobedearly.(informal)3、分詞或名詞構(gòu)成的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)>由連詞引導(dǎo)的從句19Theweatherhavingimproved,wedecidedtogoswimming.(formal)Sincetheweatherhadimproved,wedecidedtogoswimming.(informal)Beingamanoffixedviews,herefusedtolistentoourarguments.(formal)Ashewasamanoffixedviews,herefusedtolistentoourarguments.(informal)Theweatherhavingimproved,w20Childthathewas,hedidnotbelievewhatwastold.(formal)Althoughhewasachild,hedidn’tbelievewhatwastold.(informal)Difficultthatthetaskwas,theymanagedtoaccomplishitintime.(formal)Althoughthetaskwasdifficult,theymanagedtoaccomplishitintime.(informal)Childthathewas,hedidnot214、it起始的敘述結(jié)構(gòu)(如Itisnotedthat)>普通敘述結(jié)構(gòu)Ithasbeennotedwithconcernthatthestocksofbooksinthelibraryhasbeendecliningalarmingly.(formal)Thenumberofbooksinthelibraryhasbeengoingdown.(informal)ItwasarguedthattheSunwasthecenteroftheuniverse.(formal)TheysaidtheSunwasthecenteroftheuniverse.(informal)4、it起始的敘述結(jié)構(gòu)(如Itisnotedthat)225、用虛擬語氣、被動語態(tài)表示的請求>陳述語氣、主動語態(tài)的請求CouldIsuggestthatthemeetingbepostponeuntiltomorrow?(formal)Isuggestthemeetingpostponinguntiltomorrow.(informal)Couldyoupossiblygooutforawhile?(formal)Pleasegoout.(informal)5、用虛擬語氣、被動語態(tài)表示的請求>陳述語氣、主動語態(tài)的請求23Pleasegatheratthegateoftheschool.(informal)Thestudentsarerequestedtogatheratthegateoftheschool.(formal)Pleasegatheratthegateoft246、（表示動作或狀態(tài)的）名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)>動詞結(jié)構(gòu)Rectificationofthisfaultisachievedbyinsertionofawedge.(formal)Youcanrectifythisfaultifyouinsertawedge.(informal)Thisleadstoourpleasantlyshockedrealizationthatmanyofthevaluesweunquestioninglyacceptarefalse.(formal)Wearebothpleasantandshockedtoknowmanyofthevaluesweunquestioninglyacceptarefalse.(informal)6、（表示動作或狀態(tài)的）名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)>動詞結(jié)構(gòu)Rectific257、介詞置于wh-形式前>介詞置于wh-形式后Withwhatdidyourwriteit?(formal)Whatdidyouwriteitwith?(informal)Towhomareyouwriting?(formal)Whoareyouwritingto?(informal)Shelongedforafriendinwhomshecouldconfide.(formal)Shelongedforafriend(who)shecouldconfide.(informal)7、介詞置于wh-形式前>介詞置于wh-形式后Withwh268.稱呼語Whenhisfatherdied,Peterhadtogetanotherjob.(informal)Afterhisfather’sdeath,Peterhadtochangehisjob.(informal)Onthedeceaseofhisfather,Mr.Brownwasobligedtoseekalternativeemployment.(formal)8.稱呼語Whenhisfatherdied,Pet27“五只鐘”(fiveclocks)凝固體(frozen)——正式體(formal)——商洽體(consultative)——隨意體(casual)——親密體(intimate)。Joos,M.1961.TheFiveClocks.NewYork&London:HarcoutBraceJovanovich.“五只鐘”(fiveclocks)凝固體(frozen)—28凝固體(frozen):legaldocuments正式體(formal):letterofrecommendation;accountant,educational,psychologicalworks;scientificworks商洽體(consultative):newsreport;ordinaryliterature隨意體(casual):letter/emailtoagoodfriend親密體(intimate):talktoaclosefriend凝固體(frozen):legaldocuments29不同場景下使用的開場白語言（注意四種風(fēng)格）Madamechairman,Mrsvice-president,honoredguests,facultyandfriends:Ifeelmostdeeplyhonoredtohavebeeninvitedtospeaktosuchanillustriousgatheringtonightandtobegiventheprivilegeofrepresentingmydistinguishedcolleagues,especiallyDrMonrovia,whohasbeenengagedinaverydemandingresearchprojectinthefieldofsociolinguistics,anareaofstudywhichwefeelhasgreatpotentialforyourprofessionalso.(Frozen)不同場景下使用的開場白語言（注意四種風(fēng)格）Madamec30Ladiesandgentlemen,I‘mexceedinglygratefultohavebeenaskedbyourchairman,DrJeanMonrovia,topresentourrecentfindingsonthetopicof“ResearchandDevelopmentsinSociolinguistics”,andhopeitwillproveusefultothoseofyouengagedinteachingEnglish.(Formal)Ladiesandgentlemen,31Goodevening,Friends, Ourchairman,JeanMonrovia,askedmetosharesomeofmycurrentresearchinsociolinguistics,andIhopeitwillbeusefultoyouinyourEnglishclassesnextweek.(Casual)Goodevening,Friends,32Hi,everyone,JeanaskedmetocomeonoverandrapabitaboutthestuffI’mintoinsociolinguistics.Maybeit’llhelpinteachingthoseEnglishclasses,andIhopeyouwon’tbeturnedoffwithsomeofthetechnicaljargonandstuff.(intimate)Hi,everyone,33我兒子是拉洋車的。Mysonisarickshaw-boy.Mysonpullsarickshaw.Mysonisariskshawmanbytrade.我兒子是拉洋車的。34正式句子往往在長度上更長。如：Irequireyourattendancetobepunctual.(formal)Iwantyourtocomeontime.(informal)Anotinconsiderableamountoftimewasexpendedonthetask.(formal)Thejobtookalongtime.(informal)正式句子往往在長度上更長。如：Irequireyour35Iapprehendanatmosphereofspontaneousdelightwithyourarrival.(formal)Awfullynicetoseeyouhere.(informal)CouldIhaveyourattention,please?(formal)Youguysshutup!(informal)Iapprehendanatmosphereofs36I’mterriblysorrytointerrupt,butIwonderifyouwouldbesokindastoloweryourvoicesalittle.Willyoubeltup!I’mterriblysorrytointerrup37WrongstylemixingHemountedthegee-gee.Hegotonthesteed.Itwasextremelygraciousofyoutoinviteme,LadyJones,andI’vehadbagsoffunWrongstylemixingHemountedt38ComparethestylesSteed(poetic) Horses(general)nag(slang) Gee-gee(babylanguage) ComparethestylesSteed(poetic39domicile(veryformal,official)residence(formal)abode(poetic)home(generall) domicile(veryformal,official40Cast(literary,biblical)Fling(literary)Throw(general) Chuck(casual,slang) Cast(literary,biblical)41diminutive(veryformal)tiny(colloquial)wee(colloquial,dialectal)diminutive(veryformal)42Theychuckedastoneatthecops,andthendidabunkwiththeloot.Aftercastingastoneatthepolice,theyabscondedwiththemoney,Theychuckedastoneattheco43Peter’swifewasveryangrywhenhecamehomewiththegirlfromthediscotheque.Peter’soldwomanhittheroofwhenhecamehomewiththatdollfromthedisco.Peter’swifewasveryangrywh44AnnouncementfromthelibrarianIthasbeennotedwithconcernthatthestockofbooksinthelibraryhasbeendecliningalarmingly,studentsarerequestedtoremindthethemselvesoftherulesfortheborrowingandreturningofbooksandtobearinmindtheneedsofotherstudents.Penaltiesforoverduebookswillinthefuturebestrictlyenforced.Thenumberofbooksinthelibraryhas