動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)課件

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：用play的正確形式填空：Tom________footballoften.Tom_____________footballthisafternoon.Tom___________footballlastSunday.Tom____________footballnow.Tom_____________footballatfiveyesterday.Tom______________footballforanhour.Tom_______________footballbeforeIcalledhim.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：1高三英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法系列訓(xùn)練被動(dòng)語態(tài)詳解高三英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法系列訓(xùn)練被動(dòng)語態(tài)詳解2ChangethefollowingsentencesintothePassiveVoice1.TheymakeTVsetsinthatfactory.2.NorthwestChinagrowsthebestcotton.3.TheyusethisroomforplayingPingpong.4.Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.

TVsets

aremadeinthatfactory

ThebestcottonisgrowninNorthwestChina.ThisroomisusedforplayingPingpongThetelephonewasinventedbyBellin1876.Changethefollowingsentences35.Themanagermadethemwork10hoursaday.6.Chinahassentupman–madesatellitesintospace7.Youshouldwatertreesoften.8.Youmustnotplanttreesinverydryearth.Theyweremadetowork10hoursaday.Man–madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospace.Treesshouldbewateredoften.Treesmustnotbeplantedinverydryearth.5.Themanagermadethemwork14(一)語態(tài)分類英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)，主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主動(dòng))Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被動(dòng))漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動(dòng)，而英語用：助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。(一)語態(tài)分類英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)，主動(dòng)5(二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其形式與系動(dòng)詞be的變化形式完全一樣。以give

為例，列表如下：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am/is/are+given一般過去時(shí)： was/were+given現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am/is/are+being+given過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： was/were+being+given現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have/has+been+given過去完成時(shí)： had+been+given一般將來時(shí)： shall/will+be+given過去將來時(shí)： should/would+be+given將來完成時(shí)： shall/will+havebeen+given過去將來完成時(shí)： should/would+havebeen+given

［注］被動(dòng)語態(tài)沒有將來進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。

(二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化6(三)被動(dòng)語態(tài)常用的八種時(shí)態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.2.一般過去時(shí)：Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten.(三)被動(dòng)語態(tài)常用的八種時(shí)態(tài)Riceisgrownin73.一般將來時(shí)：Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.4.過去將來時(shí)：Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.3.一般將來時(shí)：Carswillbesentab85.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Wearepaintingtherooms.6.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：—Whydidn'ttheydrivethereontime?—Becausetheworkersweremendingtheroad.Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.Theroomsarebeingpainted.Becausetheroadwasbeingmended.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：Englishlessonsare97.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Wehavebroughtdowntheprice.

8.過去完成時(shí)：WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldout

thetickets.Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;PeoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleaderIhavebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Thepricehasbeenbroughtdown.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader.7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Ihavebeentoldthe109.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.9.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：Yourcompositio11(四)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用1.當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這時(shí)往往不用by

短語。

“Mr.White,thecupwithmixturewasbrokenafterclass.”(只是告訴老師杯子壞了，不知是誰弄壞的，或不想說出誰弄壞的)。2.突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by

短語。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.3.當(dāng)漢語句子的主語既不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這時(shí)常用in+名詞作狀語，而代替by

短語。

ThesecarsweremadeinChina.15,000carswillbeproducedeachyearinthenewfactory.(四)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用12(五)主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法（1）Myaunt

invited

me

toherdinnerparty.

主語謂語賓語→

I

wasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.

主語謂語賓語（2）Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.→Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.1.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。2.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的be+過去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by

的賓語，放在被動(dòng)語態(tài)里謂語動(dòng)詞之后，by

短語可以省略。如果原句主語是地點(diǎn)名詞，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中用in+地點(diǎn)名詞作狀語。(五)主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法（1）Myauntin13(六)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)要注意的問題1.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。

Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正確)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(錯(cuò)誤)

2.含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語為主語時(shí)比較多。

Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.

如果把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說：

Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保留賓語(六)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)要注意的問題保留賓語14注意：一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to，如：

bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。

Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass.

Mybikewaslenttoher.一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語前用介詞for,如：

build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。

Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmadeforme.)

Themeatwascookedforus.

Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.有些既不用to也不用for,根據(jù)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系。Heaskedmeaquestion.(Aquestionwasaskedofme.)PeopleallovertheworldknowtheGreatWall.TheGreatWallisknowntopeopleallovertheworld.(不用by短語)注意：一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to，如：153.由動(dòng)詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動(dòng)詞有：不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞，如:

agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.及物動(dòng)詞+副詞：如：bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.3.由動(dòng)詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看164.帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在謂語動(dòng)詞后面。如：Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.

→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.

→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to，但改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后都帶to，這時(shí)不定式為主語補(bǔ)足語，也就是說不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語不存在省略to的問題。

4.帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，一般把17Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.

→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.注意：帶有復(fù)合賓語的句子，如果賓語補(bǔ)足語是名詞，變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，不要誤把賓語補(bǔ)足語的名詞作主語。如：TomatoeswerefirsttakenbacktoEuropeandpeoplecalledthemloveapples.誤：Loveappleswerecalledthem.正：Theywerecalledloveapples.Weoftenhearhimplaythegui185.還有一種短語動(dòng)詞由動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞構(gòu)成，變被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種形式，如下：1)Wetakegoodcareofthebooks.

Thebooksaretakengoodcareof.Goodcareistakenofthebook.

2)Youmustpayattentiontoyourpronunciation.

Attentionmustbepaidtoyourpronunciation.Yourpronunciationmustbepaidattentionto.

用于這類結(jié)構(gòu)的短語動(dòng)詞常見的有：catchsightof,makeuseof,payattentionto,setfireto,takecareof,takeholdof,takenoticeof,keepaneyeon等。5.還有一種短語動(dòng)詞由動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞構(gòu)成，變被動(dòng)語態(tài)196.當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的主語是nobody,noone等含有否定意義的不定代詞時(shí)，被動(dòng)句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody,作by的賓語，并將謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍?dòng)語態(tài)。如：Nobodycananswerthisquestion.誤：Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.正：Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.

6.當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的主語是nobody,noone等含有否定207.當(dāng)否定句中的賓語是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代詞時(shí)，在被動(dòng)句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚othing,nobody,noone作主語，并將謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍?dòng)語態(tài)。如：Theyhaven'tdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.誤：Anythinghasn'tbeendonetomaketheriverclean.正：Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.7.當(dāng)否定句中的賓語是anything,anybody,218.以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動(dòng)時(shí)，用bywhom放在句首：Whowrotethestory?誤：Whowasthestorywritten?

正：Bywhomwasthestorywritten?

8.以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動(dòng)時(shí)，用bywhom229.有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，常見的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：Theclothwasheseasily.這布很好洗。Thenewproductsellswell.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。Thepenwritessmoothly.這支筆寫字很流暢。對(duì)比：Thebookssellwell.(主動(dòng)句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被動(dòng)句)Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主動(dòng)句)Themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat.(被動(dòng)句)9.有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well,bad2310.下列情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句：

第一，感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等?！狣oyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.誤：Itisfeltverysoft.Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.誤：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.10.下列情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句：24第二，謂語是及物動(dòng)詞leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.誤：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.Shehadherhandburned.誤：Herhandwashadburned.第三，一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.誤：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第二，謂語是及物動(dòng)詞leave,enter,reach,25第四，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.誤：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.誤：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.第五，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句子的主語，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.誤：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.誤：Eachotherisloved.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)ppt課件2611.在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，例如：

據(jù)說……

Itissaidthat…

據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)……

Itisreportedthat…

據(jù)推測……

Itissupposedthat…

希望……

Itishopedthat…

眾所周知……

Itiswellknownthat…

普遍認(rèn)為……

Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…

有人建議……

Itissuggestedthat…1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.在英語語言中，被動(dòng)語態(tài)是極常見的語言現(xiàn)象，人們進(jìn)行語言交際，離不開對(duì)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用，熟練掌握被動(dòng)語態(tài)也為下一步學(xué)習(xí)打下良好的基礎(chǔ)，在動(dòng)詞-ing

形式，不定式等結(jié)構(gòu)中，都有被動(dòng)式，都需要運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的知識(shí)去理解。

11.在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動(dòng)27高考題點(diǎn)擊：1.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_____.(94N)A.hascompleted B.completes C.hasbeencompleted D.iscompleted2.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_____bythehour.(98N)A.pay B.paying C.paid D.topay說明：集郵冊(cè)只能被完成，且在before從句中沒有將來時(shí)，故只能選D。說明：該句的意思為“在大城市中清潔女工的工資通常是按小時(shí)支付的。”很明顯該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。DC高考題點(diǎn)擊：說明：集郵冊(cè)只能被完成，且在before從句283.Booksofthiskind_____well.(99上海)A.sell B.sells C.aresold D.issold4.Hundredsofjobs_____ifthefactorycloses.(01北京春)A.lose B.willbelost C.arelost D.willlose說明：sell既可作及物動(dòng)詞又可作不及物動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)用作“銷售情況如何”時(shí)，sell為不及物動(dòng)詞，故沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。類似的詞還有：wash,translate,write等。說明：losejob為“失業(yè)”，job只能被失去，且動(dòng)作應(yīng)該發(fā)生在將來。AB3.Booksofthiskind_____we295.Anewcinema_____here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.(2001北京春季)A.willbebuilt B.isbuilt C.hasbeenbuilt D.isbeingbuilt6.Thenewsuspensionbridge_____bytheendoflastmonth.(2001上海)A.hasbeendesigned B.hadbeendesigned C.wasdesigned D.wouldbedesigned說明：從后句可知電影院應(yīng)該正在修建。需要注意的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞形式。說明：bytheendof短語一般都與過去完成時(shí)或?qū)硗瓿蓵r(shí)連用。DB5.Anewcinema_____here.Th307.ThisisTed’sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He_____tryingtosaveachildin