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Chapter10

InferencesonTwoSamples10.1InferenceaboutMeans:DependentSamplingAsamplingmethodisindependentwhentheindividualsselectedforonesampledoesnotdictatewhichindividualsaretobeinasecondsample.Asamplingmethodisdependentwhentheindividualsselectedtobeinonesampleareusedtodeterminetheindividualstobeinthesecondsample.Dependentsamplesareoftenreferredtoasmatchedpairssamples.EXAMPLE IndependentversusDependentSamplingForeachofthefollowing,determinewhetherthesamplingmethodisindependentordependent.(a)AresearcherwantstoknowwhetherthepriceofaonenightstayataHolidayInnExpressHotelislessthanthepriceofaonenightstayataRedRoofInnHotel.Sherandomlyselects8townswherethelocationofthehotelsisclosetoeachotheranddeterminesthepriceofaonenightstay.(b)Aresearcherwantstoknowwhetherthenewlyissued“state”quartershaveameanweightthatisdifferentfrom“traditional”quarters.Herandomlyselects18“state”quartersand16“traditional”quarters.Theirweightsarecompared.Inordertotestthehypothesesregardingthemeandifference,weneedcertainrequirementstobesatisfied.Asimplerandomsampleisobtained

thesampledataismatchedpairs

thedifferencesarenormallydistributedorthesamplesize,n,islarge(n

>30).Step4:Comparethecriticalvaluewiththeteststatistic:Step5:Statetheconclusion.EXAMPLE TestingaClaimRegardingMatched PairsDataSource:ExpediaTestHypothesis

Isthedifferencesdistributionnormallydistributed?Step1.StructuretheHypothesis H0:u=0 H1:u≠0Step2giveα=0.05 Criticalvaluest=2.26216 C=(2.26216,infinity)Step3TestStatisticd=31,s=9.11

Step4.tisinthecriticalregion.Step5.Conclusion:NoevidencesupportH0EXAMPLE ConstructingaConfidenceInterval fortheMeanDifferenceConstructa90%confidenceintervalforthemeandifferenceinpriceofHamptonInnversusLaQuintahotelrooms.Source:ExpediaChapter10

InferencesonTwoSamples10.2InferenceaboutTwoMeans:IndependentSamplingStep4:Comparethecriticalvaluewiththeteststatistic:Step5:Statetheconclusion.EXAMPLE ComparingTwoMeans: IndependentSamplingAresearcherwantedtoknowwhether“state”quartershadaweightthatismorethan“traditional”quarters.Herandomlyselected18“state”quartersand16“traditional”quarters,weighedeachofthemandobtainedthefollowingdata.Thedegreesoffreedomusedtodeterminethecriticalvalue(s)presentedinthelastexampleareconservative.Resultsthataremoreaccuratecanbeobtainedbyusingthefollowingdegreesoffreedom:LowerBound=UpperBound=EXAMPLE ConstructingaConfidenceInterval abouttheDifferenceofTwoM

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