人教版（2023）選擇性必修第四冊(cè)Unit 1 Science Fiction Discover Useful Structures 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)課件(共49張PPT)

第第頁(yè)人教版（2023）選擇性必修第四冊(cè)Unit1ScienceFictionDiscoverUsefulStructures被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)課件(共49張PPT)(共49張PPT)

UNIT1

SCIENCEFICTION

Topracticesomenewwordsorexpressionsbydoingexercises

Replacetheunderlinedpartswithwordsofsimilarmeaningsfromthetext.Rewritethesentencesifnecessary.

1

1Webelieveheisamanofabsolutehonesty,andtrusthiswordscompletely.

integrity

2Henrytoldmethathewasinahurryashehadarrangedtoseethedentistat10:00a.m.

hadanappointmentwith

3Rumoursarelikesharpknives,cuttingone'sself-respectintopieces.Weshouldbeawareofthisandnotspreadunkindnewsaround.

dignity

4Becauseoftheholiday,thestudentswereallowedtogohomeearly.

weredismissed

5Whoeverischargedwithacrimeshouldbepresumedinnocentuntilprovenotherwise.

notguilty

Matcheachwordwiththeproperdefinitionbelow.

2

Amoneythatsomeoneispaidregularly,usuallymonthly,bytheorganisationheorsheisworkingfor

Bmoneygivenforworkdone,goodsreceived,etc.

Cmoneypaidforworkorservices,typicallyonadailyorweeklybasis

Dextraamountofmoneyaddedtosomebody'swagesasarewardforhardworkorgoodperformance

salary

payment

wage

bonus

Emoneyreceivedfromwork,investmentsandsoon

Fmoneypaidtoaprofessionalpersonororganisationforadviceorservices

Gmoneypaidforajourneyonpublictransport,suchasthebus,train,ortaxi

Hmoneysavedforaspecialpurpose

income

fee

fare

saving

Completethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.TheninpairsshareyouropiniononAldevelopment.

3

fascinatingtestoutdismisssciencefiction

morelikedignityintelligent

Itwouldnotbesurprisingifwefounditdifficulttodistinguishbetweenrealityand____________inthefuture.

Forexample,robotsfirstappearedinsci-finovels,butnowrobotsoldiershavealreadybeen____________inwar.

sciencefiction

testedout

Robotexpertshavealsobuiltrobotsthatcansee,talk,anddootherthingslikehumans.Althougharobotthatlooks____________ahumanthanamachinecouldmakemanypeopleabituncomfortable,wehavetoadmitthatitisa_____________possibility.Sophia,currentlysaidtobethemostadvancedAlrobotintheworld,isagreatexample.Shehasbeeninterviewedmanytimes,appearedonthecoversofmagazines,andbecomethefirstnon-humanintheworldtobegivencitizenshipbyacountry.

morelike

fascinating

Whenitcomestogames,2023becameayearinwhichAldefeatedhumansinsomanygamesthatAlresearcherssaythatitwillnotbelongbeforeAlcanwinatalmosteverything.So,havewelostthe_____________ofbeingthemostintelligentcreatureMaybeinthefuture,asAlbecomesevenmore______________;itwillbecomeamajorthreattohumans.However,somepeople_____________thisfear.TheybelieveifAlcanhandletaskslikecalculating(計(jì)算)anddrivingforus,wewillhavemoretimeforcreating,thinking,and“beinghuman”.

dignity

intelligent

dismiss

Toreviewthepassivevoice

①I(mǎi)twasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry'swife,Claire.

②Nowshewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohuman,anditwasdisturbing.

③Clairethoughtitwasridiculousthatshewasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot,butshegraduallyadmiredhiswisdomandintegrityandbegantotrusthim.

Scanthereadingtextandunderlinealltheverbsinthepassivevoice.Thendiscusswithapartnerwhythepassivevoiceisused.

④Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops,hewroteoutalistofthingsthathewouldneedforhisworkonthehouse.

⑤Tonyexpectedthatthehouse,whichwasbeingcompletelytransformed,wouldbeready.

⑥Thesaleswomantherewasrudetoher,sosherangTonyandtoldhimshewasbeingtreatedbadly.

Thepassivevoiceisusedtofocusonthepersonorobjectthatexperiencesanactionratherthanthepersonorobjectthatperformstheaction.Itisusedwhenwedon’tknowtheperformer,ortheperformerisunimportant(andthereforeomitted),ortheperformeristobehighlighted(andthereforeplacedtowardtheend).

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。

使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式是“be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分

詞”。語(yǔ)義上主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者或?qū)ο螅饕糜谛枰獜?qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作承受者、不必要指出動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者的情況，或出于語(yǔ)篇銜接連貫在“be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，助動(dòng)詞be有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，變化規(guī)則與系動(dòng)詞be相同。

時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成例句

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞Theschoolwallsarepaintedeveryyear.

一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were+過(guò)去分詞Iwasinvitedtothetalkshowyesterday.

一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall+be+過(guò)去分詞Thematterwillbelookedintointhefuture.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+been+過(guò)去分詞Theshiphasbeenrepaired.

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+being+過(guò)去分詞Twomenarebeingquestionedbythepolice.

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+being+過(guò)去分詞TheroadswerebeingbuiltwhenIpassedby.

1.常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

2.特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)形式

(1)雙賓動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

雙賓動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),一般將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ),直接賓語(yǔ)不變。如將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ),間接賓語(yǔ)之前則應(yīng)加介詞to或for。

egHegavehersomemoney.

Shewasgivensomemoney.

Somemoneywasgiventoher.

(2)帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),一般將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ),而將賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留不動(dòng)(這時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))。

egHisfathercalledhimJack.

HewascalledJackbyhisfather.

(3)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。

egTheproblemmaybesolvedinanumberofdifferentways.

Inourschool,librarybooksmustbereturnedintwo

weeks.

(4)“be+過(guò)去分詞+不定式”的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

egHeisreportedtohavebrokenaworldrecord.

Sheissaidtoknowthreelanguages.

(5)“it+be+過(guò)去分詞+從句”式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

egIt’ssaidthatshehassomesupernaturalpowers.

It’sreportedthattheyhavediscoveredanewstar.

常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：

Itisknownthat...眾所周知

Itissuggestedthat...有人建議

Itisbelievedthat...人們相信

(6)“get+done”構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

用來(lái)表示狀態(tài)或情況,?？嫉男问饺纾?/p>

getmarried結(jié)婚

getengaged訂婚

gethurt/wounded受傷

getlost迷路

getdrunk喝醉了

getcaught/stuck/trapped被困

getdressed穿好衣服

getrunover被(車(chē))軋

3.主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義

(1)有些不及物動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式可表被動(dòng)意義。

a.某些連系動(dòng)詞，如feel,look,prove,smell,sound,taste等。

egThefoodtastedbetterthanitlooked.

b.某些與can’t,won’t等連用的不及物動(dòng)詞，如move,lock,shut,open等。

egItcan'tmove.

Thedoorwon'tshut.

c.某些可與well,easily等副詞連用的不及物動(dòng)詞，如read,write,wash等。

egMynewpenwriteswell.

Theclothdoesn’twasheasily.

(2)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的某些主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義

a.在“be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。常見(jiàn)形容詞有：cheap,easy,comfortable,difficult,hard,light,heavy,expensive,pleasant,interesting,fit等。

egThequestionisdifficulttoanswer.

Volleyballisveryinterestingtowatch.

b.在beworthdoing和betoblame結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞-ing形式或動(dòng)詞不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

egThefilmiswellworthseeing.

ThepolicyispartlytoblameforcausingtheworstunemploymentinEurope.

c.當(dāng)want,need,require表示“需要”時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

egThecarpetreallywantscleaning(=tobecleaned).

Mosthouseplantsrequirewatering(=tobewatered).

4.不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況

(1)謂語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞leave,enter,reach,suit,benefit,lack等。

(2)謂語(yǔ)是不可拆開(kāi)的takeplace,consistof,loseheart,belongto等短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

(3)賓語(yǔ)是無(wú)實(shí)意的代詞it。

(4)賓語(yǔ)是表示身體的某一部分的名詞。

(5)賓語(yǔ)是某些抽象名詞。

(6)have在任何情況下都不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

(7)一般來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞-ing形式或者是不定式時(shí)不能變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

(8)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如果遇到這種情況時(shí)，可以用一般將來(lái)時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)代替。

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)特殊情況

1.雙賓動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

雙賓動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ),直接賓語(yǔ)不變。如將直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ),間接賓語(yǔ)之前則應(yīng)加介詞to或for。

Hegavehersomemoney.

→Shewasgivensomemoney.

→Somemoneywasgiventoher.

2.“get+done”表被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

getmarried結(jié)婚

getengaged訂婚

getlost迷路

getdrunk喝醉了

getdressed穿好衣服

getcaught/stuck被困

gethurt/wounded受傷

3.主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義

1）某些感官動(dòng)詞，如feel,look,prove,smell,sound,taste等，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。

Thefoodtastedbetterthanitlooked.

Thetheoryprovestobeture.

2）有些動(dòng)詞，如move,lock,shut,open等，與can't,won't等連用，表示被動(dòng)意義。

Thetablecan'tmove.

Thedoorwon'tshut.

3）其他常見(jiàn)的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)用法。

Mynewpenwriteswell.

Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.

Thefilmiswellworthseeing.

Whoistoblamefortheaccident？

Mosthouseplantsrequirewatering.

4.有些詞或詞組，如lack，takeplace,consistof,belongto,breakout，datefrom/backto無(wú)被動(dòng)形式。

Helacksconfidence.

Thefinalexaminationwilltakeplacenextmonth.

Abigfirebrokeoutlastweek.

ThisbuildingcandatefromtheSongDynasty.

選用括號(hào)內(nèi)合適的內(nèi)容完成下面句子或?qū)υ挕?/p>

1.Letters________________(aresent,willbesent)bythepostmanat8everyday.

2.Thisbag________________(wasfound,found)onthebusyesterday.

3.Thedress________________(doesn’twash,can’tbewashed)inhotwater.

4.Thistower__________________(hasnotbeenrebuilt,hasnotrebuilt)sincethe1930’s.

aresent

wasfound

can’tbewashed

hasnotbeenrebuilt

5.Themachine________________(wasbeingtested,tested)justwhenthemanagercame.

6.Thenewplan________________(willannounce,willbeannounced)intwodays.

7.Look!Yourcar________________(isbeinglifted,islifting)offtheground.

wasbeingtested

willbeannounced

isbeinglifted

8.WhenIstopped,mycar________________(hit,washit)frombehind.

9.—Whatwerewedoingat11o’clock

—We____________________(werebeinginterviewed,wereinterviewing)byareporter.

washit

werebeinginterviewed

用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。

1.TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It_________(build)originallytoprotectthecityduringtheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored.

(2023年全國(guó)甲卷)

2.Thelittlehome____________(paint)white.Itwassweetandfresh.Marylovedit.

(2023年6月浙江卷)

wasbuilt

waspainted

1Whatisdonecannot_________.(undo)

2Janet______________chairwomanofthestudentunionlastmonth.(elect)

Completethesentenceswithappropriateformsoftheverbsinbrackets.ThentrytotranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.

undone

waselected

n.女主席

木已成舟。

珍妮特上個(gè)月當(dāng)選為學(xué)生會(huì)主席。

3Twohundredgrammesofflourshould___________tothecakemix.(add)

4A3,000-seatvenue______________forthecircusperformanceinNovember.(build)

n.克(重量單位)

n.面粉

n.活動(dòng)場(chǎng)地

beadded

willbebuilt

蛋糕里需要加入兩百克面粉。

一個(gè)擁有三千座位，供馬戲表演使用的場(chǎng)地于十一月/將在十一月建成。

5Workingefficiency______________________sincethisnewsoftwarewasadopted.(improve)

6Onlyonepieceofcarry-onluggage____________foreacheconomyclasspassenger.(allow)

hasbeenimproved

isallowed

自從采用了新軟件，工作效率就被提升了。

經(jīng)濟(jì)艙的乘客每人僅允許攜帶一件隨身行李。

7Itisagreathonourformeto____________toaddressthisinternationalAIconference.(invite)

8WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundthatthesalesman'ssalary________________________atthemeeting.(discuss)

beinvited

wasbeingdiscussed

n.售貨員；推銷(xiāo)員

我很榮幸能被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)贏I大會(huì)上發(fā)言。

我進(jìn)會(huì)議室的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)正在討論銷(xiāo)售員的薪水。

9WithexamsbeingadaptedintoBraille,ablindseniorhighschoolstudentscored630pointsoutof650intheCollegeEntranceExanimation.Heisexpectedto______________toatopuniversity.(admit)

beadmitted

使用轉(zhuǎn)換為盲文的高考試卷，一位高中的視障學(xué)生考取了630分(總分650)。他有望被一所名校錄取。

Readtheintroductiontoasciencefictionnovelandcompletethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.

exploretranslatediscoverregardrepresent

setuprecruitwritegetcaughtupconnect

Sciencefiction_____________bymanypeopleasamirrorthroughwhichourfuturecanbefreelyimaginedand____________________.TheThree-BodyProblem,_________byChinesewriterLiuCixin,isoneofthoseastonishingpredictionsaboutthefuture.

isregarded

explored/represented

written

TheworkwasfirstpublishedinaChinesesci-fimagazinein2023andprintedasathree-volumebookin2023.Whenthefirstvolume_________________intoEnglishbyChinese-AmericanauthorKenLiu,itattractedattentionaroundtheworld,becomingthefirstAsianwinneroftheHugoAwardforBestNovel.The