人教版（2023）選擇性必修第四冊Unit 1 Science Fiction Discover Useful Structures 被動語態(tài)課件(共49張PPT)

第第頁人教版（2023）選擇性必修第四冊Unit1ScienceFictionDiscoverUsefulStructures被動語態(tài)課件(共49張PPT)(共49張PPT)

UNIT1

SCIENCEFICTION

Topracticesomenewwordsorexpressionsbydoingexercises

Replacetheunderlinedpartswithwordsofsimilarmeaningsfromthetext.Rewritethesentencesifnecessary.

1

1Webelieveheisamanofabsolutehonesty,andtrusthiswordscompletely.

integrity

2Henrytoldmethathewasinahurryashehadarrangedtoseethedentistat10:00a.m.

hadanappointmentwith

3Rumoursarelikesharpknives,cuttingone'sself-respectintopieces.Weshouldbeawareofthisandnotspreadunkindnewsaround.

dignity

4Becauseoftheholiday,thestudentswereallowedtogohomeearly.

weredismissed

5Whoeverischargedwithacrimeshouldbepresumedinnocentuntilprovenotherwise.

notguilty

Matcheachwordwiththeproperdefinitionbelow.

2

Amoneythatsomeoneispaidregularly,usuallymonthly,bytheorganisationheorsheisworkingfor

Bmoneygivenforworkdone,goodsreceived,etc.

Cmoneypaidforworkorservices,typicallyonadailyorweeklybasis

Dextraamountofmoneyaddedtosomebody'swagesasarewardforhardworkorgoodperformance

salary

payment

wage

bonus

Emoneyreceivedfromwork,investmentsandsoon

Fmoneypaidtoaprofessionalpersonororganisationforadviceorservices

Gmoneypaidforajourneyonpublictransport,suchasthebus,train,ortaxi

Hmoneysavedforaspecialpurpose

income

fee

fare

saving

Completethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.TheninpairsshareyouropiniononAldevelopment.

3

fascinatingtestoutdismisssciencefiction

morelikedignityintelligent

Itwouldnotbesurprisingifwefounditdifficulttodistinguishbetweenrealityand____________inthefuture.

Forexample,robotsfirstappearedinsci-finovels,butnowrobotsoldiershavealreadybeen____________inwar.

sciencefiction

testedout

Robotexpertshavealsobuiltrobotsthatcansee,talk,anddootherthingslikehumans.Althougharobotthatlooks____________ahumanthanamachinecouldmakemanypeopleabituncomfortable,wehavetoadmitthatitisa_____________possibility.Sophia,currentlysaidtobethemostadvancedAlrobotintheworld,isagreatexample.Shehasbeeninterviewedmanytimes,appearedonthecoversofmagazines,andbecomethefirstnon-humanintheworldtobegivencitizenshipbyacountry.

morelike

fascinating

Whenitcomestogames,2023becameayearinwhichAldefeatedhumansinsomanygamesthatAlresearcherssaythatitwillnotbelongbeforeAlcanwinatalmosteverything.So,havewelostthe_____________ofbeingthemostintelligentcreatureMaybeinthefuture,asAlbecomesevenmore______________;itwillbecomeamajorthreattohumans.However,somepeople_____________thisfear.TheybelieveifAlcanhandletaskslikecalculating(計(jì)算)anddrivingforus,wewillhavemoretimeforcreating,thinking,and“beinghuman”.

dignity

intelligent

dismiss

Toreviewthepassivevoice

①ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry'swife,Claire.

②Nowshewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohuman,anditwasdisturbing.

③Clairethoughtitwasridiculousthatshewasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot,butshegraduallyadmiredhiswisdomandintegrityandbegantotrusthim.

Scanthereadingtextandunderlinealltheverbsinthepassivevoice.Thendiscusswithapartnerwhythepassivevoiceisused.

④Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops,hewroteoutalistofthingsthathewouldneedforhisworkonthehouse.

⑤Tonyexpectedthatthehouse,whichwasbeingcompletelytransformed,wouldbeready.

⑥Thesaleswomantherewasrudetoher,sosherangTonyandtoldhimshewasbeingtreatedbadly.

Thepassivevoiceisusedtofocusonthepersonorobjectthatexperiencesanactionratherthanthepersonorobjectthatperformstheaction.Itisusedwhenwedon’tknowtheperformer,ortheperformerisunimportant(andthereforeomitted),ortheperformeristobehighlighted(andthereforeplacedtowardtheend).

被動語態(tài)

語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用來說明主語和謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。

使用被動語態(tài)的句子，謂語動詞的形式是“be+動詞過去分

詞”。語義上主語為動作的承受者或?qū)ο?，主要用于需要?qiáng)調(diào)動作承受者、不必要指出動作執(zhí)行者的情況，或出于語篇銜接連貫在“be+動詞過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，助動詞be有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，變化規(guī)則與系動詞be相同。

時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成例句

一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+過去分詞Theschoolwallsarepaintedeveryyear.

一般過去時was/were+過去分詞Iwasinvitedtothetalkshowyesterday.

一般將來時will/shall+be+過去分詞Thematterwillbelookedintointhefuture.

現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+been+過去分詞Theshiphasbeenrepaired.

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are+being+過去分詞Twomenarebeingquestionedbythepolice.

過去進(jìn)行時was/were+being+過去分詞TheroadswerebeingbuiltwhenIpassedby.

1.常見時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)

2.特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的被動形式

(1)雙賓動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)

雙賓動詞變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時,一般將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語,直接賓語不變。如將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語,間接賓語之前則應(yīng)加介詞to或for。

egHegavehersomemoney.

Shewasgivensomemoney.

Somemoneywasgiventoher.

(2)帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)

帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞變被動語態(tài)時,一般將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語,而將賓語補(bǔ)足語保留不動(這時的賓語補(bǔ)足語為主語補(bǔ)足語)。

egHisfathercalledhimJack.

HewascalledJackbyhisfather.

(3)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)，由“情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。

egTheproblemmaybesolvedinanumberofdifferentways.

Inourschool,librarybooksmustbereturnedintwo

weeks.

(4)“be+過去分詞+不定式”的被動結(jié)構(gòu)

egHeisreportedtohavebrokenaworldrecord.

Sheissaidtoknowthreelanguages.

(5)“it+be+過去分詞+從句”式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)

egIt’ssaidthatshehassomesupernaturalpowers.

It’sreportedthattheyhavediscoveredanewstar.

常見的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：

Itisknownthat...眾所周知

Itissuggestedthat...有人建議

Itisbelievedthat...人們相信

(6)“get+done”構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)

用來表示狀態(tài)或情況,常考的形式如：

getmarried結(jié)婚

getengaged訂婚

gethurt/wounded受傷

getlost迷路

getdrunk喝醉了

getcaught/stuck/trapped被困

getdressed穿好衣服

getrunover被(車)軋

3.主動形式表示被動意義

(1)有些不及物動詞主動形式可表被動意義。

a.某些連系動詞，如feel,look,prove,smell,sound,taste等。

egThefoodtastedbetterthanitlooked.

b.某些與can’t,won’t等連用的不及物動詞，如move,lock,shut,open等。

egItcan'tmove.

Thedoorwon'tshut.

c.某些可與well,easily等副詞連用的不及物動詞，如read,write,wash等。

egMynewpenwriteswell.

Theclothdoesn’twasheasily.

(2)非謂語動詞的某些主動形式表示被動意義

a.在“be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式表示的動作與句子主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時，用主動形式表示被動意義。常見形容詞有：cheap,easy,comfortable,difficult,hard,light,heavy,expensive,pleasant,interesting,fit等。

egThequestionisdifficulttoanswer.

Volleyballisveryinterestingtowatch.

b.在beworthdoing和betoblame結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞-ing形式或動詞不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。

egThefilmiswellworthseeing.

ThepolicyispartlytoblameforcausingtheworstunemploymentinEurope.

c.當(dāng)want,need,require表示“需要”時，其賓語可用動詞-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義。

egThecarpetreallywantscleaning(=tobecleaned).

Mosthouseplantsrequirewatering(=tobewatered).

4.不能用于被動語態(tài)的情況

(1)謂語是及物動詞leave,enter,reach,suit,benefit,lack等。

(2)謂語是不可拆開的takeplace,consistof,loseheart,belongto等短語動詞。

(3)賓語是無實(shí)意的代詞it。

(4)賓語是表示身體的某一部分的名詞。

(5)賓語是某些抽象名詞。

(6)have在任何情況下都不能用于被動語態(tài)。

(7)一般來說，當(dāng)動詞的賓語是動詞-ing形式或者是不定式時不能變成被動語態(tài)。

(8)將來進(jìn)行時和完成進(jìn)行時沒有被動語態(tài)。如果遇到這種情況時，可以用一般將來時和現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)來代替。

被動語態(tài)特殊情況

1.雙賓動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)

雙賓動詞變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時,間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語,直接賓語不變。如將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語,間接賓語之前則應(yīng)加介詞to或for。

Hegavehersomemoney.

→Shewasgivensomemoney.

→Somemoneywasgiventoher.

2.“get+done”表被動語態(tài)

getmarried結(jié)婚

getengaged訂婚

getlost迷路

getdrunk喝醉了

getdressed穿好衣服

getcaught/stuck被困

gethurt/wounded受傷

3.主動形式表示被動意義

1）某些感官動詞，如feel,look,prove,smell,sound,taste等，用主動表被動。

Thefoodtastedbetterthanitlooked.

Thetheoryprovestobeture.

2）有些動詞，如move,lock,shut,open等，與can't,won't等連用，表示被動意義。

Thetablecan'tmove.

Thedoorwon'tshut.

3）其他常見的主動表被動用法。

Mynewpenwriteswell.

Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.

Thefilmiswellworthseeing.

Whoistoblamefortheaccident？

Mosthouseplantsrequirewatering.

4.有些詞或詞組，如lack，takeplace,consistof,belongto,breakout，datefrom/backto無被動形式。

Helacksconfidence.

Thefinalexaminationwilltakeplacenextmonth.

Abigfirebrokeoutlastweek.

ThisbuildingcandatefromtheSongDynasty.

選用括號內(nèi)合適的內(nèi)容完成下面句子或?qū)υ挕?/p>

1.Letters________________(aresent,willbesent)bythepostmanat8everyday.

2.Thisbag________________(wasfound,found)onthebusyesterday.

3.Thedress________________(doesn’twash,can’tbewashed)inhotwater.

4.Thistower__________________(hasnotbeenrebuilt,hasnotrebuilt)sincethe1930’s.

aresent

wasfound

can’tbewashed

hasnotbeenrebuilt

5.Themachine________________(wasbeingtested,tested)justwhenthemanagercame.

6.Thenewplan________________(willannounce,willbeannounced)intwodays.

7.Look!Yourcar________________(isbeinglifted,islifting)offtheground.

wasbeingtested

willbeannounced

isbeinglifted

8.WhenIstopped,mycar________________(hit,washit)frombehind.

9.—Whatwerewedoingat11o’clock

—We____________________(werebeinginterviewed,wereinterviewing)byareporter.

washit

werebeinginterviewed

用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確形式填空。

1.TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It_________(build)originallytoprotectthecityduringtheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored.

(2023年全國甲卷)

2.Thelittlehome____________(paint)white.Itwassweetandfresh.Marylovedit.

(2023年6月浙江卷)

wasbuilt

waspainted

1Whatisdonecannot_________.(undo)

2Janet______________chairwomanofthestudentunionlastmonth.(elect)

Completethesentenceswithappropriateformsoftheverbsinbrackets.ThentrytotranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.

undone

waselected

n.女主席

木已成舟。

珍妮特上個月當(dāng)選為學(xué)生會主席。

3Twohundredgrammesofflourshould___________tothecakemix.(add)

4A3,000-seatvenue______________forthecircusperformanceinNovember.(build)

n.克(重量單位)

n.面粉

n.活動場地

beadded

willbebuilt

蛋糕里需要加入兩百克面粉。

一個擁有三千座位，供馬戲表演使用的場地于十一月/將在十一月建成。

5Workingefficiency______________________sincethisnewsoftwarewasadopted.(improve)

6Onlyonepieceofcarry-onluggage____________foreacheconomyclasspassenger.(allow)

hasbeenimproved

isallowed

自從采用了新軟件，工作效率就被提升了。

經(jīng)濟(jì)艙的乘客每人僅允許攜帶一件隨身行李。

7Itisagreathonourformeto____________toaddressthisinternationalAIconference.(invite)

8WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundthatthesalesman'ssalary________________________atthemeeting.(discuss)

beinvited

wasbeingdiscussed

n.售貨員；推銷員

我很榮幸能被邀請?jiān)贏I大會上發(fā)言。

我進(jìn)會議室的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)正在討論銷售員的薪水。

9WithexamsbeingadaptedintoBraille,ablindseniorhighschoolstudentscored630pointsoutof650intheCollegeEntranceExanimation.Heisexpectedto______________toatopuniversity.(admit)

beadmitted

使用轉(zhuǎn)換為盲文的高考試卷，一位高中的視障學(xué)生考取了630分(總分650)。他有望被一所名校錄取。

Readtheintroductiontoasciencefictionnovelandcompletethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.

exploretranslatediscoverregardrepresent

setuprecruitwritegetcaughtupconnect

Sciencefiction_____________bymanypeopleasamirrorthroughwhichourfuturecanbefreelyimaginedand____________________.TheThree-BodyProblem,_________byChinesewriterLiuCixin,isoneofthoseastonishingpredictionsaboutthefuture.

isregarded

explored/represented

written

TheworkwasfirstpublishedinaChinesesci-fimagazinein2023andprintedasathree-volumebookin2023.Whenthefirstvolume_________________intoEnglishbyChinese-AmericanauthorKenLiu,itattractedattentionaroundtheworld,becomingthefirstAsianwinneroftheHugoAwardforBestNovel.The