英語六級仔細(xì)閱讀真題卷-4

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Sectionc

Directions:thereare2passagesinthissection.eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatementsforeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkeda,b,c)andD)YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Passageone

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Inthebeginningofthemovie,robot,arobothastodecidewhomtosaveaftertwocarsplungeintothewater-delspoonerorachild.eventhoughspoonerscreamssavehersaveher!therobotrescueshimbecauseitcalculatesthathehasa45percentchanceofsurvivalparedtosarahs11percent.therobotsdecisionanditscalculatedapproachraiseanimportantquestion:

wouldhumansmakethesamechoice?andwhichchoicewouldwewantourroboticcounterpartstomake?

Isaacasimovevadedthewholenotionofmoralityindevisinghisthreelawsofrobotics,whichholdthat1.robotscannotharmhumansorallowhumanstoetoharm;2.robotsmustobeyhumans,exceptwheretheorderwouldconflictwithlawi;and3.robotsmustactinself-preservation,unlessdoingsoconflictswithlawsior2.theselawsareprogrammedintoasimovsrobots-theydonthavetothink,judge,orvalue.theydonthavetolikehumansorbelievethatwrongorbad.theysimplydontdoit.

Therobotwhorescuesspoonerslifein/robotfollowsasimovszerothlaw:robotscannotharmhumanity(asopposedtoindividualhumansorallowhumanitytoetoharm--anexpansionofthefirstlawthatallowsrobotstodeterminewhatsinthegreatergood.underthefirstlaw,arobotcouldnotharmadangerousgunman,butunderthezerothlaw,arobotcouldkillthegunmantosaveothers.

Whetheritspossibletoprogramarobotwithsafeguardssuchasasimovslawsisdebatableawordsuchasharmisvague(whataboutemotionalharmisreplacingahumanemployharm),andabstractconceptspresentcodingproblems.therobotsinasimovsfictionexposeplicationsandloopholesinthethreelaws,andevenwhenthelawswork,robotsstillhavetoassesssituation.

Assessingsituationscanbeplicated.arobothastoidentifytheplayers,conditions,andpossibeoutesforvariousscenarios,Itsdoubtfulthataputerprogramcandothat-aleast,notwithoutsomeundesirableresults.aroboticistatthebristolroboticslaboratoryprogrammedarobottosavehur

oxies(5)calledfromdanger.whenoneh-boheadedfordanger,therobotsuccessfullypusheditoutoftheway.butwhentwoh-botsbecamepercentofthetime,unabletodecidewhichtosaveandlettingthembothdie.theexperimenthighlightstheimportanceofmoralitywithoutit,howcanarobot

decidewhomtosaveorwhatsbestforhumanity,especiallyifitcantcalculatesurvivalodds?

46.whatquestiondoestheexampleinthemovieraise?

a)whetherrobotscanreachbetterdecisions

b)whetherrobotsfollowasimovszero

d)howrobotsshouldbeprogrammed.

47.whatdoestheauthorthinkofasimovsthreelawsofrobotics?

a)theyareapparentlydivorcedfromreality.

b)theydidnotfollowthecodingsystemofrobotics.

c)theylaidasolidfoundationforrobotics.

d)theydidnottakemoralissuesintoconsideration.

48.whatdoestheauthorsayaboutasimovsrobots?

atheyknowwhatisgoodorbadforhumanbeings

b)theyareprogrammednottohurthumanbegings

c)theyperformdutiesintheirownersbestinterest.

d)theystopworkingwhenamoralissueisinvolved.

49.whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthewordharminasimovslaws?

a)abstractconceptsarehardtoprogram.

b)itishardforrobotstomakedecisions

c)robotsmaydoharmincertainsituations

d)asimovslawsusetoomanyvagueterms

50.whathastheroboticistatthebristolroboticslaboratoryfoundinhisexperiment.

a)robotscanbemadeasintelligentashumanbegingssomeday

b)robotscanhavemoralissuesencodedintotheirprogram

c)robotscanhavetroublemakingdecisionsinplexscenarion.

d)robotscanbeprogrammedtoperceivepotentialperils.

PassageTwo

Questions5ito55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Ourworldnowmovessofastthatweseldomstoptoseejusthowfastweseldomstoptoseejusthowfarwuhaveeinjustafewyear.ThelatestiPone6s,forexample,hasadual-coreproccssorandfitenicelyintoyourpocket.byparison,youwouldexpecttofindatechnologicalspecificationlikethisonyourtandardlaptopinanofficeanywhereintheworld.

itsnowondershatnewapplicationsfortheinternetofthingsaremovingahcadfastwhenalmosteverynewdecicewebuyhasaplupontheengofitorawirelessconnectiontotheinternet.Soon,ourcurrentsmartphonelifestylewil

ateourownsmarthomelifestyletoo.

Allresearchesagreethatcloseto25billiondevices,thingsandsensorswillbeconnectedby2024whichincidentallyisalsothemomentthatmillennials(千禧一代)areexpectedtomakeupofouroverallworkforce,andthefullyconnectedhome.beearealityforlargeumbersofpeopleworldwide.

Howeverthisisjustthetipoftheproverbialicebergassmartbuildingsandevencitiesincreasinglybeethenormasleadersandbusinessownersbegintowakeuptothemassivesavingsthattechnologycandeliverthroughconnectedsensorsandnewformsofautomationcoupledwithligentenergyandfacilitiesmanagemen.

Onlinesecuritycameras,intelligentlightingandawealthofsensorsthatcontrolbothtemperatureandairqualityareofferinganunprecedentedlevelofcontrol,efficiency,andimprovementstohatwereonceclassednecessarycostswhenrunningabusinessormanagingalargebuilding.

Wecanexpectthattheever-growinglistofdevices,systemsandenvironmentsremainconnected,alwaysonlineandtalkingtoeachother.thebigbenefitwillnotonlybeinthehousingofthisenormousandrapidlygrowingamountofdata,butwillalsobeintheabilitytorunrealtimedataanalyticstoextractactionableandongoingknowledge.

Thebiggestandmostexcitingchallengeofthistechnologyishowtocreativelyleveragethisever-growingamountofdatatodelivercostsavings,improvementsandtangiblebenefitstobothbusinessesandcitizensofthesesmartcities

Thegoodnewsisthatmostofthistechnologyisalreadyinvented.letsfaceit,itwasnttoolongagothattheideaofworkingfromanywhereandatanytimewassomeformofadistantutopim(烏托邦式的)dream,andyetnowwecanperformalmostanyoffice-basedtaskfromanylocationintheworldaslongaswehaveaccesstotheinternet.

itstimetowakeuptothefactthatmakingsmartbuildings,citiesandhomeswilldramaticallyimproveourqualityoflifeintheyearsahead.

51.Whatdoestheexampleofiphone6sservetoshow?

a)thehugecapacityofthesmartphonespeoplenowuse

b)thewidespreaduseofsmartphonesallovertheworld

c)thehugeimpactofnewtechnologyonpeopleseverydaylife.

d)therapidtechnologicalprogressinaveryshortperiodoftime

52.whatcanweexpecttoseebytheyear2024?

a)appsfortheinternetofthings

c)theemergenceofmillennials

b)thepopularizationofsmarthomes.

d)totalglobalizationoftheworld

53.whatwillbusinessownersdowhentheybeeawareofthebenefitsoftheinternet