考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋

1/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋英美文學(xué)名詞解釋TermsinEnglishandAmericanLiteratureAEuropeanphenomenonduringthemiddleofthe19thcenturythathaditschiefheadquartersinFrance。ThismovementwasglandmainlyWalterPaterasarventionofartformorality’ssake，orartformoney’sAtaleinverseorproseinwhichcharacters,actions,orse寓言:用詩歌或散文講的故事,在這個故事中人物、事件或背景往往代表抽象的概念或道德品質(zhì)。所有的寓言都是一個具有雙重意義、文學(xué)內(nèi)涵或象征意義的故事.thina頭韻：在一組詞的開頭或重讀音節(jié)中對相同輔音或不同元音的重復(fù)。ctsthereadertorecognizeandrorreligion故：文學(xué)作品中作家希望讀者能夠認(rèn)識或做出反應(yīng)的一個人物、地點、事件或文學(xué)作品。典故或來自歷史、地理、文學(xué)或宗教。obehaviorofthosecharactersinliteraryworkswhowereregardedasmoreorlesscomplexcombinationsofinheritedat2/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋saleadingfigureofthisschool。s.Theyacceptedthedoctrineofpredestination，originalsinandtotaldepravity,andlimitedatonementthroughaspecialinrlivinginthenewcontinent,theybecomemoreandmore美國清教主義:他們相信宿命論、原罪說、全體墮落和有限的贖罪。7。AmericanRealism(美國現(xiàn)實主義)psychologicalrealismthatcloselyexaminedthecomplexwor美國現(xiàn)實主義：在美國文學(xué)史上,內(nèi)戰(zhàn)宣告了浪漫主義的終結(jié)和現(xiàn)實主義的開始?，F(xiàn)實主義反對浪漫主義和感傷主義的謊言,它從一個陌生的世界轉(zhuǎn)向了普通人的真實生活的描寫。它所關(guān)心的是普通的下層勞動人民而非理想中的人類本性和現(xiàn)實經(jīng)歷.8。AmericanRomanticism(美國浪漫主義)piecesRipVanWinkleandTheLegendofSleepyHollow.Americanromanticismculminatedaroundthe1840s，whichcanbecalledre3/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋toofAmericanTranscendentalism”．Inthepoetryaspect，WhitmanandDicksonweretwomajorAmericanpoetsinthisperioothertypeofromanticism.TheyplacedincreasingwbelongedtoanvalueontheTheAngryYoungMenisajournalisticcatchphraseappliedtoanumbeenwithhissignatureplayLookBackinAngerin1956．10.Antagonist(反面人物):Apersonorforceopposingtheprotagonistinanarrative；arivaloftheheroorheroine．反面人物：一個故事中和主人公相對立的人物或一種力量,是男女主人公的對手.nationandagainstthematerialismofAmericansociety．ThemajorfeaturesofAmericanTranscendentalismare:1。Transcendentalistsplaceemphasisonspirit,ortheOversoul,asthemostimlifeheardbyotheractorsonstage。4/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋poetry．Assonanceisoftenemployedtopleasetheearoremphasizecertainsounds.類韻:在詩歌中相同或相似元音的重復(fù)，它的目的主要是用來使句子悅耳動聽或用來強(qiáng)調(diào)某r述，自傳是一種敘述性的文體,多包含回憶性的描寫。?Itisarelativelyshortnarrativepoem，writtentobesung,withriptionsanduseconcisedialogues.e.17?BalladStanza(民謠詩節(jié))?Atypeoffour-linestanza,tearly1960s．Theysharedasetofsocialattitudes－-anti－esentativesofthegroupwereAllenGinsbergwithhislongpoemHowlandJackKerouacwithhisOntheRoad．5/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋toadulthood，andinwhichcharacters’changeisthusextre20.Biography(傳記)Adetailedaccountofaperson‘slifewrittenbyanotherper21.Blackcomedy/Blackhumor(黑色幽默)hnique23。BlankVerse(無韻體詩)Versewritteninunrhymediambicpentameter。ItistheversefWilliamShakespeareandJohnMilton.?素體詩:用五音步抑揚(yáng)格寫的andinexhaustibleenergies。6/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋dtheReformedchurches．a(chǎn)rlypopularamongEnglishCavalierpoets.CarpeDiemmeans27.Canto(篇/章)erPopestheRapeoftheLockandByron’sDonJuanaredividedi詩章:長詩的一部分.flatcharacter,whichispresentedwithoutmuchindividualizing人物:在短篇小說的欣賞中，人物是必不可少一個元素.人物是喜劇或小說中所描寫的人.福斯特把人物劃分為兩類,扁平型人物和圓型人物.扁平型人物往往缺乏個人化的細(xì)節(jié)描寫而圓型人物則在性格和行為動機(jī)上較為復(fù)雜。ioersonalthemes.?古典主義：一種在文學(xué),藝術(shù)，音樂領(lǐng)域體現(xiàn)古代希臘，羅馬風(fēng)格的運動.ative.?hahealthy,amicablearmisticebetweentheprotagonistandsoc7/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋tin沖突：故事，小說,戲劇中相對的力量和人物之間的對立。對句:兩個連續(xù)押韻的詩行。英雄雙行體的對句一般都為抑揚(yáng)格五音步.setthemselvesthetaskofcriticizingcapitalistsocietyfroma批判現(xiàn)實主義：批判現(xiàn)實主義在19世紀(jì)40年代達(dá)到高潮。批判現(xiàn)實主義作家們往往把從民主的角度批評和揭露資本主義社會的丑惡視為己任,但他們并沒有找到治療社會弊病的良方.916－1923)thatsoughtthediscoveryofauthenticrealitythroughthet8/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋39．Darwinism(達(dá)爾文主義)ItisatermthatcomesfromCharlesDarwin'sevolutionarytheormsoflifeandhumansarespecialnotbecauseGodcreatedthembutllyInfluencedbyDarwinismsomeAmericansthatpartofaplay，shortstory，novel，ornarrativepoeminbyforcesbeyondthecontrolofhumanbeings.Determinism，assignscontrolespeciallytoheredityandenvironment，wi42.Didacticliterature(教誨文學(xué))rowning'sMyLastDuchessisatypicalexample.合往往對反映說話人的性格特征和詩歌的主題是至關(guān)重要的。Apoemofmourning,usuallyoverthedeathofanindividual.Anuctureandsolemnorevenmelancholyintone．9/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋較莊重甚至是哀傷的.45.EnlightenmentMovement(啟蒙運動)ndcomestoEnglandinthethcenturyItstressesthepowernendofawork．頓悟：對現(xiàn)實真諦的頓悟或洞察,通常出現(xiàn)在作品的結(jié)尾.Anepistolarynovelisaanoveltoldthroughthemediumofleo49.Essay(散文/小品文)subjectinalimitedwayandexpressesaparticularpointorrmalessayisusuallybriefandiswrittenasifthewriteriste獨特的看法。小品文的風(fēng)格要么嚴(yán)肅要么幽默,組織或嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)或松散,情感或抒發(fā)或藏而不露.小品文大體上又分為正式的和非正式的兩種.非正式的小品文一般比較短，使用對話的風(fēng)格和個人化或幽默的語氣，似乎在給讀者針對一個話題侃侃而談。相比之下,正式的小品文則組織嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，風(fēng)格高雅，語氣嚴(yán)肅。10/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋lyandyDuringthetheexperimentalnovelwasthemainstreamoftheliterature.y,inwhichanumberofpainterssoughttoavoidtherepresentationofexternalrealityand，instead，toprojectahighlytionagainstrealismornaturalism,aimingatpresentinga53。Farce(輕喜劇)?Atypeofcomedybasedonaridiculousalaction.ThecharactersinafarceareoftenthebuttsofpAcharacterwhohasoneortwosides，representingoneortwotrai55.Fiction(小說)倒敘:在短篇小說、小說、戲劇或敘事詩中穿插在敘述中講述更早的一件事。57．Foreshadowing(鋪墊)Theuseofhintsorcluesinanarrativetosuggestwhatwillhappenlater。Writersuseforeshadowingtocreateinterestandtobuil伏筆：在敘述中使用暗示或線索來預(yù)示將要發(fā)生的事情,作家們使用伏筆來增加讀者的興趣11/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋dinhisworkAPortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan。?FreeverseAkindofpoetrythatlacksregularmetesires，andinhibitionsdominatehumanbehavior.AlotofmbyFreudianismdeeply。61．Genre(體裁)enntedcastles.63．GraveyardSchool(墓地派詩歌)TheGraveyardSchoolreferstoaschoolofpoetsofthe18thcentrmeditationonlife，pastandpresent，withdeathandgraveyHarlemRenaissanceisaperiodofremarkablecreativityintinguishedwriterswhoarepartofthemovementincludeLangstonHughesandRichardWright。12/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋65。HemingwayCodeHero(海明威式英雄)AsaconceptfromHemingway'sworks，codeheroisdefinedbyHemingwayasamanwholivescorrectly，followingtheidealsofhonmanofdecidedlymasculinetastes，amanwhoissensitiveandi雄雙韻體..67?Humanism(人文主義)epresentlife。Humanistsvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmanwasthecentrmb－-thatis，anunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyll五步抑揚(yáng)格:一種詩句形式，每行詩句包含五個抑揚(yáng)格音步。意象：用來在讀者的思維中喚起某種圖示或形象的詞匯.edandexemplifiedbyagroupofEnglishandAmericanwritersinLoat13/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋Itisastyleofpaintingthatgivestheimpressionmadebythetersacceptedthesameconvictionthatthepersonalattitudesand語：一種建立在字面表述和真實意義上或期待產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果和真實的結(jié)果之間的對比。73.JazzAge(爵士樂時代)ngtheprominentconcernsandtrendsoftheperiodarethepublicembraceoftechnologicaldevelopmentsaswellasnewasethatdescribespersons,thingsoreventinametaphorwhisionplayswhoseheroesusuallycouealismwhichoftendepictedthedomesticsituationsofworkingWilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridgeandRobertSo14/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋nndepictsthecharactersfromaspecificsettingorofaneksoflocalcoloristsistowriteorpresentlocalcharacte77。LostGeneration(迷惘的一代)swdwascrazyandmeaninglessandfutile．Thecomingofthephrasllformsofthelyric．79.Melodrama(情節(jié)劇)?Adramathathasstereotypedcharacters，Itittheliterarytermdescribingdictionalwritingthatself-con15/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋thereaderforgetheorsheisreadingafictionalwork。Afigureofspeechthatmakesacomparisonbetweentwothingkingthecomparison．82.MetaphysicalPoets(玄學(xué)派詩人)Agroupof17th-centurypoetswhoemployedtheterminologyneinfluencedbyNeo—Platonism。ThisgroupwasbestrepresentedphysicalpoetryareJohnDonne，AndrewMarvellandGeorgeHerbertMetaphysicalpoetrymarkedasharpdeparturefromtheprevailingtrendandhadgreatinfluenceamongthepoetsofthetime.84.Meter(格律)l格律:詩歌中通常的重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)的排列模式。16/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋87.Mockepic(諷刺史詩)heroicpoem．?諷刺史詩:一種用史詩的宏大風(fēng)格來描寫微不足道的事情的喜劇形式.88.Modernism(現(xiàn)代主義)andflourisheduntil1950s.ModernismtakestheirrationalArecurrentthematicelementinanartisticorliterarywork．主題：藝術(shù)品或文學(xué)作品中反復(fù)體現(xiàn)的、揭示主題的部分。敘事詩:講述一個故事的詩歌.Likedescription，narrationisapartofconversationandwrn92.Narrator(敘述者)?Onewhonarratesortellsastory.Astoryrratorcanalsorefertoacharacterinadramawhoguidestheaetimesparticipatinginit．n17/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋telNovel(小說)plot97.Ode(頌歌)?Usuallyalyricpoemofmoderatelength,withawrature,asKeats’OdetoaNightingaleorShelly’sOdetotheWestW98．OttavaRima(八行體)heffectthroughtheuseofexaggerationormockery.Inliteratd18/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋irWalterRaleigh’sTheNymph’sReplytotheShepherd.Raleig?er‘sfeelingsofpity,sorrow,orcompassionforacharacter。?悲悵：文學(xué)藝術(shù)作品的一種引發(fā)讀者憐憫,同情或傷感的特質(zhì)。?holzationofRebeccaSharpisverymuchpsychologicalsequenceofeventsoractionsinashortstory，novel，playornunityandorder。Forthewriter，theplotistheguidingprid,isthemostimportantelementofaplot.nTheperspectivefromwhichastoryistold。Themostobviouspoidfromthepointofviewofacharacter,inthethirdperson.Thracter’sspeechwithoutcommentoremotion。Thereaderhastointerpretthemanduncovertheirmeanings.Anarratormaybe19/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋108.Postmodernism(后現(xiàn)代主義)Thetermisusedtodescribecertaintendenciesinpost-WWIItsernistapostmodernistliteraturefindakindoffulfillmentinthemItreferstotheheroorcentralcharacterwhoisoftenhinderedbysomesorherobjectives．?scheme.Quatrainsusuallyfollowanabab，abbaorabcbrhymescheme.112.Renaissance(文藝復(fù)興)113.Refrain(疊句)?Awordphrase,line，orgroupoflines114.Rhyme(壓韻)20/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋115.Romance(傳奇故事)?Anyimaginativeliteraturethatissetinanidealizedworldandthatdealswithheroicadventuresandbattlesbetweengoodcharactersandvillainsormonsters.Originnn傳奇故事：設(shè)定在想象世界中的以英雄冒險和善惡之間的斗爭為題材的文學(xué)作品。?ephilosophy，music，andartinwesterncultureduringthemostofthelate18thcentury，beginningasarevoltagainonandnaturalbeautyTheEnglishRomanticperiodisanageAroundcharacterisamajorcharacterinaworkoffictionotivesandotherfeaturesoftheroundcharacterstendtobemore諷刺:一種諷刺個人，習(xí)俗或人性中的缺點或錯誤的文體.?119.Scansion(韻律分析)ng(六行詩)poemorstanza.?21/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋narrative，drama,ornoveltakesplace。?背景：記敘文、戲劇或小說發(fā)生aunlikethings。?明喻:兩種事物之間借助于比喻詞匯進(jìn)行的比較。eThetermisderivedfhcentury，ithadcometosignifyapoemoffourteenlinesthatfollowastrictrhymeschemeadspecificstructure．Ttwopatternsofrhymeinsonnetswritteninthehe14th－centuryItalianpoetPetrarchfallsintotwomainphicernAmerica．SouthernGothicemployselementssuchastheinthlineiswritteniniambichexameterandiscallan128.Stanza(詩節(jié))22/24考研英美文學(xué)名詞解釋verselineswhichusuallycomprisemeterandrhyme.th