2017省質(zhì)檢閱讀理解分析應(yīng)用文一中烽余婉婷

ReadingComprehension閱讀文章是我國(guó)考生接觸外語(yǔ)考生應(yīng)能：的主要途徑。閱讀理解在試卷中所(1)理解主旨和要義；

占權(quán)重較大。英語(yǔ)《考試大綱》對(duì)(2)理解文中具體信息；“閱讀”的要求是：要求考生能讀(3)根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語(yǔ)的含義；懂書(shū)、報(bào)、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題(4)做出簡(jiǎn)單判斷和推理；的簡(jiǎn)短文段以及公告、說(shuō)明、廣告(5)理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；等，并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息。

(6)理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。(Ⅰ)年份試題信息2013201420152016語(yǔ)篇體裁全國(guó)卷A篇記敘文應(yīng)用文應(yīng)用文信息文本類(lèi)（應(yīng)用文）B篇說(shuō)明文記敘文記敘文夾敘夾議C篇議論文議論文說(shuō)明文記敘文D篇應(yīng)用文記敘文議論文說(shuō)明文類(lèi)型廣告新聞規(guī)則通知告示咨詢問(wèn)答注意事項(xiàng)說(shuō)明介紹問(wèn)卷調(diào)查參觀須知申請(qǐng)書(shū)個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)介……應(yīng)用文的文體特點(diǎn)選材特點(diǎn)信息量大，文句精煉，形式靈活，用最少的篇幅表達(dá)最大量的信息。內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)生活化，實(shí)用化，多樣化，如產(chǎn)品宣傳、服務(wù)介紹、通知、海報(bào)、啟示、招生招聘等。形式特點(diǎn)標(biāo)題醒目，重點(diǎn)突出，條理清晰，常用粗體字或各類(lèi)項(xiàng)目符號(hào)使文章的結(jié)構(gòu)更鮮明。語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)人名、地名、專有名詞多；生詞多；縮略詞、祈使句、省略句多；結(jié)構(gòu)不完整。命題特點(diǎn)主要考查考生提取信息和處理信息的能力，既注重特定細(xì)節(jié)的篩選、類(lèi)比、綜合，又注重推理判斷題的考查，題目設(shè)置相對(duì)較容易。命題趨勢(shì)考點(diǎn)趨勢(shì)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇領(lǐng)悟能力的檢測(cè)仍是高考的重點(diǎn)和基本點(diǎn)，同時(shí)還需關(guān)注對(duì)主旨大意題和文章結(jié)構(gòu)題的考查。表層意義理解題減少，深層含義理解題增多，明顯體現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科素養(yǎng)?？疾轭?lèi)型由簡(jiǎn)單尋找信息向多層次細(xì)節(jié)推理的趨勢(shì)比較明顯。材料信息濃縮，詞匯總量減少，但對(duì)詞匯量的考查在加大，非考綱詞匯有所增加（主要為合成、派生和轉(zhuǎn)化）。長(zhǎng)句增多，句子難度加大。復(fù)合句、省略句、倒裝句和插入語(yǔ)等語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象普遍。理解層次趨勢(shì)信息量和詞匯量句子的難度體裁和題材繼續(xù)體現(xiàn)體裁和題材多樣化，并彰顯英語(yǔ)國(guó)家語(yǔ)言與文化特點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)化文化意識(shí)的滲透。題材涉獵廣泛，體現(xiàn)

“語(yǔ)言是文化的載體”這一理念。新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)有著自己獨(dú)特的文體特征，通常由標(biāo)題(Headline)、導(dǎo)語(yǔ)(Lead)和正文(Body)三部分組成。標(biāo)題概括全文的核心問(wèn)題；導(dǎo)語(yǔ)位于新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)的首段，高度概括時(shí)文事實(shí)；正文則進(jìn)一步闡

述說(shuō)明事件發(fā)生的來(lái)龍去脈，并提供一些必要的背景材料或知識(shí)?！暗菇鹱炙?InvertedPyramid)結(jié)構(gòu)是新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)中最常見(jiàn)的一種篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，文章常用倒敘和插敘，插入人物訪談或評(píng)論，思維的跳躍性很大。而5個(gè)W(when,where,who,

what,

why)和1個(gè)H(how)是構(gòu)成一則完整新聞的基本要素。厚積薄發(fā)童年愿望媒體好評(píng)追求卓越本色生活A(yù)fter

four

silent

years,

the

27-year-old

British

singer

Adele

Adkins

has

finally

introduced

herselfto

the

world

again

with

Hello,

the

opening

song

from

her

third

album

25,

which

will

come

out

onNov.20.Although

Adeleis

a

very

successfulsingernow,

musicwasn’talways

what

shesawherselfdoing.At

age

10,

when

she

saw

her

grandmother’s

pain

over

the

death

of

Adele’s

grandfather,

shepictured

herself

as

a

heart

surgeon.“I

wanted

to

fix

people’shearts,”

she

told

theUK

music

websitei-D,

remembering

thechildhoodinterestshe’d

had

in

biology

classes

until

she

found

out

that

her

real

talent

was

for

singing.Adele

didn’tgo

tomedicalschool,but

many

would

agreethat

shestill

hashealing

powers.“Hersongs

find

the

kind

of

memory

every

listener

holds

somewhere

in

their

heart.

This

kind

of

feeling

iswhat

people

have

always

liked

in

Adele,”

said

The

Telegraph.

“She

writes

a

pop

diary,

sharing

thesimple

secrets

of

her

heart.”Most

successful

pop

stars

make

albums

at

a

fast

pace,

but

not

Adele.

After

her

second

album21

won

the

2012

Grammy

Award

for

Album

of

the

Year

,

she

made

it

clear

with

her

label

that

shewould

spend

“four

or

five

years”

making

her

next

album.

She

told

Vogue

magazine.

“I

won’t

comeout

with

new

music

until

it’s

better

than

21.”Insteadof

seeking

fame,

Adele

remained

silent

and

moved

to

the

countryside.

In

her

free

time,she

loved

to

watch

TV

series

TeenMom,

American

Horror

Story,

and

The

Walking

Dead.Living

life

as

normally

as

possible

is

important

to

the

singer’s

art.

“Nobody

wants

to

listen

to

arecord

from

someone

who’s

not

living

in

the

real

world,”

Adele

told

i-D.

“So

I

live

a

low-key

life

formy

fans.”Fame厚積薄發(fā)童年愿望媒體好評(píng)追求卓越本色生活WhyWho

/

WhatHowAfter

four

silent

years,

the 27-year-old

British

singer

Adele

Adkins

hasfinally

introduced

herself

to

the

world

again

with

Hello,

......Although

Adele

is

a

very

successful

singer

now,

............“She

writes

a

pop

diary,

sharing

the

simple

secrets

of

her

heart.”Most

successful

pop

stars

make

albums

at

a

fast

pace,

but

not

Adele.

......Instead

of

seeking

fame,

Adele

remained

silent

and

moved

to

thecountryside.

......Living

life

as

normally

as

possible

is

important

to

the

singer’s

art.

......What

does

the

text

mainly

tell

us?The

popularity

of

Adele’s

album

25.The

healing

powers

of

Adele’s

music.The

secrets

of

Adele’s

successin

music.The

reason

for

Adele’s ing

a

singer.Although

Adele

is

a

very

successful

singer

now,

music

wasn’t

always

what

she

saw

herself

doing.

At

age

10,

when

she

saw

hergrandmother’s

pain

over

the

death

of

Adele’s

grandfather,

she

picturedherself

as

a

heart

surgeon.“I

wanted

to

fix

people’s

hearts,”

she

told

the

UK

music

website

i-D,remembering

the

childhood

interest

she’d

had

in

biology

classes

untilshe

found

out

that

her

real

talent

was

for

singing.What

does

the

underlined

sentence

in

Paragraph

2probably

mean?Adele

wasn’tinterested

in

music.Adele

wasn’t

good

at

music

at

first.Music

wasn’t

very

important

in

Adele’s

life.Music

wasn’t

all

Adele

wanted

to

be

devoted

to.Why

doesn’t

Adele

want

to

make

albums

at

a

fast

pace?To

live

a

low-key

life.To

win

the

Grammy

Award.To

guarantee

the

quality

of

her

music.To

share

the

secrets

of

her

heart

as

amusician.Most

successful

pop

stars

make

albums

at

a

fast

pace,

but

notAdele.

After

her

second

album

21

won

the

2012

Grammy

Award

forAlbum

of

the

Year

,

she

made

it

clear

with

her

label

that

she

wouldspend

“four

or

five

years”

making

her

next

album.

She

told

Voguemagazine.

“I

won’t

come

out

with

new

music

until

it’s

better

than

21.”Instead

of

seeking

fame,

Adele

remained

silent

and

moved

to

thecountryside.

In

her

free

time,

she

loved

to

watch

TV

series

Teen

Mom,American

Horror

Story,

and

The

Walking

Dead.Living

life

as

normally

as

possible

is

important

to

the

singer’s

art.“Nobody

wants

to

listen

to

a

record

from

someone

who’s

not

living

inthe

real

world,”

Adele

told

i-D.

“So

I

live

a

low-key

life

for

my

fans.”What

can

we

know

about

Adele?Her

album

Hello

will

come

out

onNov.20.She

has

kept

a

diary

since

childhood.She

moved

to

the

countryside

before

2012.Her

works

are

based

on

real

life.Although

Adele

is

a

very

successful

singer

now,

music

wasn’talwayswhat

she

saw

herself

doing.

At

age

10,

when

she

saw

hergrandmother’s

pain

over

the

death

of

Adele’s

grandfather,

she

picturedherself

as

a

heart

surgeon.“Nobody

wants

to

listen

to

a

record

from

someone

who’s

not

living

inthe

real

world,”

Adele

told

i-D.“I

won’t

come

out

with

new

music

until

it’s

better

than

21.”1．細(xì)續(xù)導(dǎo)語(yǔ)，抓住主旨根據(jù)新聞?lì)愇恼隆暗菇鹱炙钡慕Y(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，讀懂首句或首段至關(guān)重要。而這里也常常會(huì)是長(zhǎng)難句，所以在導(dǎo)語(yǔ)部分要不吝惜時(shí)間，弄明白意思，至少要做到基本理解。2．定位查讀，把握細(xì)節(jié)針對(duì)時(shí)事新聞?lì)愰喿x理解的細(xì)節(jié)題，首先要善于捕捉時(shí)文細(xì)節(jié)，明確新聞最主要的幾方面，把握新聞的六大要素，即When,Where,Who,

What,

Why,How。也可以根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞，采用定位、查讀的方法搜尋所考查的細(xì)節(jié)描述，然后與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較，最后確定答案。某些細(xì)節(jié)也會(huì)用來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)深層的推斷題，那么就要注意結(jié)合文章的主旨，以及文章中的直接引語(yǔ)，因?yàn)檫@些引語(yǔ)往往表達(dá)了某種意見(jiàn)。3．梳理框架，辨長(zhǎng)難句主干在了解文章基本的框架結(jié)構(gòu)之后，要注意始終把重點(diǎn)放在其最主要的內(nèi)容上，不要被細(xì)枝末節(jié)以及和主旨不相關(guān)的難詞、難句所迷惑。理解長(zhǎng)句要從其最主要的意義入手，也就是明確誰(shuí)做了什么或者怎么樣，而其他的各種插入語(yǔ)、修飾語(yǔ)也就容易理解了。對(duì)于較難理解的詞句，一定要聯(lián)系上下文和文章的主旨才能夠把握到位，才不至于被各種似是而非的迷惑項(xiàng)所影響。4．精泛結(jié)合，巧用略讀掃讀可以看出，英語(yǔ)時(shí)文中每個(gè)段落和每個(gè)詞句的重要性并不是相等的，閱讀時(shí)需要精讀和泛讀的有機(jī)結(jié)合。首先應(yīng)泛讀全篇，采用跳讀或略讀技巧選擇性地瀏覽全文，忽略次要信息，以快速了解全文的主旨和框架。其次，通過(guò)泛讀確定主要內(nèi)容之后，對(duì)主題或支持主旨的重要細(xì)節(jié)和語(yǔ)句、語(yǔ)段需認(rèn)真細(xì)讀精讀，深層理解，以獲得更詳細(xì)或解題答題之信息，即5W1H時(shí)文要素。TopicNameDateQuestions,，NotesHeadings,Words/Phrasessentences,etc.Summary(Complete

a

3

or

4

sentences

summary

of

whatyouwrote.)Cornellnote學(xué)法建議In

the

large,

right

hand

column,

take

notes

like

you

normally

would.You

may

use

any

style

of

note-taking

you

wish:-outline

format,-narrative

format,-symbols,-short

hand,

etc.Compare

notes

with

a

partner.Talk

about

what

you

wroteand

why.Look

for

gaps

& missed

information.Both

partners

should

feel

free

to

add

to

their

notes.With

your

partner(s),

create

questions

in

the

left

handcolumn.Topicsuccess

/

fameName潘若烽DateHow

many

parts?童年愿望本色

Fame

媒體生活

厚積薄發(fā)

好評(píng)追求卓越although,

not

…