英語語法9A定語從句 公開課比賽一等獎

TheAttributiveClause

定語從句（一）定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語定語可以由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語等來擔(dān)任，修飾名詞。(以分詞、介詞短語為例）例：Thegirlbehindthetree

isKate.

Themandrivingtoofast

wasdrunk.定語從句在英語中，修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫定語從句。例：Thegirlwhoisbehindthetree

isKate.

Themanwhowasdrivingtoofast

wasdrunk.2.先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as等關(guān)系副詞有:when,where,why先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句Maryisagirlwho

haslonghair.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞which,who,whom,whose,that,asWhere,when，why關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個作用：A.引導(dǎo)定語從句；B.代替先行詞；C.在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。。

Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.關(guān)系代詞

1.who指人,作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略）Theman(

who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.關(guān)系代詞

3.whose是代詞的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。

Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebook

whosecoverisred.Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawoman

whosebagwasstolen.4.which指物，作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.TheTVset(which)heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?1)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.2)Theroom

(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

(which)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

inwhichIliveisverybig.Theroom

whereIliveisverybig.注意:

固定動介詞組不可分割,介詞不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat…關(guān)系代詞與介詞:

介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時,介詞賓語只能用which代物,用whom代人。(介詞在末尾時,關(guān)系詞可以省略)人（主語）物（主語/賓語）人（賓語）誰的(定語)時間(狀語)地點(狀語)原因(狀語)who/thatwhich/thatwhom/who/thatwhosewhen(介詞+which)where(介詞+which)why(forwhich)如果介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前做賓語時,只用which,whom定語從句的關(guān)系詞定語從句中需注意事項先行詞是物，關(guān)系詞只能用that,而不宜用which1.從句所修飾的詞又被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時

Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.Thefirstmeeting(that)wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon.2.先行詞是something,nothing,anything，little,few,much,many,all,等不定代詞時

Hereissomething(that)Iwilltellyou.3.先行詞既有人也有物時,只能用thatIcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isee.4.先行詞是oneof,theone,或用little,much,few,no,all,some,any,theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast作修飾時

Isittheonethatyouwant?Ihaven’tgotmuchthatIcanofferyou.

5.當(dāng)主句已有疑問詞who或which時，用thatWhoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?

6先行詞前有theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast等詞修飾時，只能用that。例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.7以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that。例如：Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？which先行詞是物關(guān)系詞只能用which不能用that的情況：１．先行詞為that，those時，只能用which。例如：Whatisthatwhichisunderthedesk?Thosearethebooks(which)Iboughtyesterday.２．關(guān)系詞前有介詞時，Thisistheroominwhichhelives.注:who、that在指人可以通用，但下列宜用

who,不用that

1).先行詞是anyone,someone,those時，關(guān)系詞使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere?2).在therebe句型中，先行詞指人,關(guān)系詞用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings______theycouldn’tremember.Sayall________youknow.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?thatthatthat4.Thisisthefirstplay________IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_______Ihaveread.thatthat6.Whoisthegirl_______isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine____weusedlastSunday.thatthat5.Theman______hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_________fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.8.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings________youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthatExercise1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.（三）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.

注意：1.含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.

————關(guān)系副詞

關(guān)系副詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣,在從句中代替先行詞,在句中作狀語。

where:在從句中作地點狀語,指代地點.

when:

在從句中作時間狀語,指代時間。

why：在從句中作原因狀語，指原因。1.Thehotelwasn’tclean.

+Westayedatthehotel.Thehotel

wherewestayedwasn’tclean.Thehotel

atwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.The

hotel

(which)

westayedatwasn’tclean.2.I’llneverforgettheday.

IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday.I’llneverforgettheday

when

IjoinedtheLeague.I’llneverforgettheday

onwhich

IjoinedtheLeague.3.Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.

Summarize:在定語從句中關(guān)系副詞都等于一個適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~加上which，在從句中作狀語When=in/at/on/…+which;Where=in/at/on/…+which;Why=for/…+which做題思路定語從句：應(yīng)放于名詞或代詞之后，且從句中缺少句子成分從句中少主語，從which,that,who,as中選擇從句中少賓語，從which,that,who,whom,as中選擇從句中少狀語，從where,when,why中選擇(可換為介詞+which)從句中少定語，從whose,ofwhich中選擇Practice:

1.----IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.(1999)

---Isthatthereason_______youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where

2.I’mgoingtovisittheschool_________mymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what3.Doyoustillremembertheday_________