大學英語精讀3-U3whyiteach

UnitThree

WhyITeachPeterG.Beidler

--BackgroundInformationRalphWaldoEmersonAmericanphilosopherandwriter(1830-1882)RalphWaldoEmersonwasaleaderofthephilosophicalmovementoftranscendentalism(先驗說,超越論).HisessayshadastronginfluenceonbothAmericanandEuropeanreadersandwritersintheirstudyofman’srelationtolife.Inaspeechentitled“theAmericanScholar,”hecalleduponAmericanstudentsto“KnowThyself”and“StudyNature.”Intheessay“Self-Reliance”hestressestheimportanceofsturdyindependenceinthoughtandaction.--BackgroundInformation

HenryDavidThoreau

Americanwriter,philosopher,andnaturalist(1817-1862)BorninConcord,ThoreauwaseducatedatHarvardUniversity.Inthelate1830sandearly1840s,hetaughtschoolandtutoredinConcordandonStatenIsland,NewYork.AftergraduationfromHarvardUniversityin1837,ThoreaustartedaschoolthatwasperhapsthefirstinAmericatointroducefieldtripsfornaturestudy.In1845hebuiltasmallcabinatWaldenPondwithhisownhandsandlivedthereuntil1847,spending27centsaweekforfoodtosupplementthevegetablesheraised.In1854,hepublishedhismasterpieceWaldenor,LifeintheWoods.InWalden,Thoreaurecordshislifeinthewoodsanddescribesfreshlyandvividlythechangingseasonsandothernaturaleventsandscenesthatheobserved.Thoreauhadkeptajournalsince1837,andthisjournalformedthebasisforseveralbookspublishedafterhisdeath.--BackgroundInformationAldousHuxley

Englishnovelist,essayist,critic,andpoet(1893-1963)Inhislaterworksheexpressedconcernthatthepursuitofmaterialpossessionswastakingplaceattheexpenseofindividualfreedomandarespectornature.HesatirizedsuchtrendsinBraveNewWorld(1932),anovelsetinafutureworldwhereindividualityisdeliberatelystifled.InIsland(1962),ontheotherhand,hepresentshisutopia,alibertariancommunitylivingincloseharmonywithitsnaturalenvironment.--Warm-UpQuestionWhatdoyouwanttodoaftergraduation?Whatdoyouthinkoftakingteachingasacareer?Doyouthinkthatteachersarehighlyrespectedandvaluedinyoursociety?--GlobeReading_2.1PartsParasMainIdeas11~3Introducemyfeelingsduringtheprocessofteaching.24~11TellsomereasonswhyIchooseteachingasmycareer.312~17TellthemostimportantreasonswhyIteach.418~21SumupthebenefitsthatIcanderivefromteaching.PartDivisionoftheText--Line.21.Whatdoestheexpression“stepup”mean?“Stepup”means“promotion”,whichcanbringhimmoneyandpower.Forexample,auniversityadministratorearnsmoremoneyandhasmorepowerthananaverageprofessorandmostAmericanswouldbeonlytoopleasedtogeta“stepup”towardsthesegoals.2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.所有美國人受的教育是長大成人后應該追求金錢和權力，而我卻偏偏不要明明是朝這個目標“邁進”的工作，他為之大惑不解。--Line.51.Paraphrasethissentence.CertainlyIteachnotbecauseteachingiseasyforme.2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.當然，我之所以教書不是因為我覺得教書輕松。--Line.7Paraphrasethissentence.Teachingisaprofessionthatmakesmyeyesredforlackofsleep,mypalmssweatybecauseofnervousnessandmystomachsinkingbecauseIoftenfeelsodisappointedwithmylectures.--Line.11Whatisthegrammaticalfunctionof“convincedthat…usual”inthissentence?Convinced引導的是過去分詞短語，作伴隨狀語。MoreExamples:Thestudentlefttheclassroom,disappointedattheteacher’sdecision.Themothercouldn’teatorsleep,worriedaboutherson’ssafety.

--Line.281.Whatdoes“badquestions”referto?Itreferstocarelessquestionsorsimplequestionsthateverystudentcananswerwithoutdifficulty.2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.我們這個世界有無窮無盡的正確答案來對付拙劣的問題。--Line.61Howtounderstand“beingpresentatthecreationwhentheclaybeginstobreathe”?2.Whatcanyouinferfromthissentence?AccordingtotheBible,manwascreatedbyGodoutofclay.WhenGodbreathedthebreathoflifeintotheclay,itbecamealiveandthecreationofmanwascompleted.HeretheauthorcomparesthejobofateachertotheworkofGod.Wecaninferfromthissentencethattheauthorimpliesthattheteacherhelpsthestudenttobecomearealmanorwoman.--Line.661.Paraphrasethissentence.Ihavethepowertogivemystudentsagentlepushintherightdirection,toarousetheirinterestandcuriosity,torecommendgoodbooks,topointoutthewaytogreaterachievements.2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.我有權啟迪，有權激發(fā)才智，有權開出書目，有權指點迷津。--Line.72Paraphrasethissentence.Iteachbecause,whenIseethatmystudentsarebeginningtogrowandchangeinfrontofme,Ifromtimetotimefindmyselfgrowingandchangingwiththemtoo,asifnewlifewerebeingbreathedintomybody.2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.我教書，是因為與開始成長的學生朝夕相處，我有時感到自己也和他們一起成長了。--outweigh:

v.bemoreimportantorvaluablethansth.ElseThebenefitsofthistreatmentfaroutweighanyrisks.Thisoutweighsallotherconsideration.這一點是首先要考慮的。--administrative:adj.oforinvolvingthemanagementofpublicorbusinessaffairsHeholdsanadministrativepostinthecompany.他的職責主要是行政方面的。Hisdutiesaremainlyadministrative.administrative的動詞形式為administer，意思為“管理”。

ThecountrywasadministeredbytheBritishuntilveryrecently.InmanyJapanesehomes,thefundsareadministeredbythewife.--administer，manage&execute這三個動詞均有“管理、支配”之意指官方的或正式的對事務的管理。administermanage強調(diào)對具體事務機構進行管理，有時含受權管理或處理之意。意為對命令、計劃或某一件工作的貫徹、執(zhí)行或實施。executeDirections:Fillintheblankswiththethreewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.

1.Heaskedhisbrothertoexecutehiswill.2.Worldaffairsshouldbemanagedbyallcountriesintheworld.3.TheForeignMinisteradministerforeignaffairs.4.Theplanwasgood,butitwasbadlyexecuted.5.Thehotelisbadlymanaged.--puzzle.v.1)confusesomeoneormakethemfeelslightlyanxiousbecausetheydonotunderstandsth.Thefindingsofthesurveypuzzledme.

他不知道下一步該怎么辦（如何回這封信）。Hewaspuzzledwhattodonext/howtoanswertheletter.Theteacherleftthechildrentopuzzletheanswertothequestionoutthemselves.n.agameortoythathasalotofpiecesthatyouhavetofittogether;sth.thatisdifficulttounderstandorexplain

Ajigsawpuzzleisapicturewhichhasbeencutupintobits,andyoumustmakethepictureagain.--profession:n.1)ajobthatneedsahighlevelofeducationandtrainingHeisalawyerbyprofession.我不知道我適合什么干職業(yè)。Idon’tknowwhatprofessionwouldsuitme.2)allthepeoplewhoworkinaparticularprofessionThedoctorisrespectedbyhisprofession.Theteachingprofessionclaimtobebadlypaid.

Collocations:

practiceaprofession

thelegal/medicalprofession

byprofession

從事某職業(yè)法律/醫(yī)療職業(yè)（界）以……為職業(yè)--reflection:n.

1)carefulthought,oranideaoropinionbasedonthisAfterreflection,IfeelImakethewrongdecision.Shefailedthistimebecauseshediditwithoutsufficientreflection.2)animagethatyoucanseeinamirror,glass,orwaterWelookedatourreflectionsinthelake.他能夠在光亮的桌面上看見自己的映像。Hecanseehisreflectiononapolishedtable-top.

Collocations:

afterreflectiononreflection

mature/sober/seriousreflection經(jīng)過考慮之后再三思考成熟/冷靜/認真的思考--convince:v.makesomeonefeelcertainthatsth.istrue;persuadesb.todosth.Hewasconvincedofhiserror.我們說服了安妮放棄乘飛機而坐火車走。WeconvincedAnnetogobytrainratherthanbyplane.Pattern:beconvincedof(that)

befully(half)convincedconvincesb.of

convinceoneselfof

確信；承認完全相信（半信半疑）使某人承認；使某人信服充分相信--compel:v.forcesomeonetodosth.;makepeoplehaveaparticularfeelingorattitudeHewascompelledbyillnesstosuspendhisexperiment.他們的聰明和技藝博得我們的贊賞。Theirclevernessandskillcompelouradmiration.--opportunity:n.achancetodosth.oranoccasionwhenitiseasyforyoudodosth.Ihavebeenofferedajob.It’sagreatopportunity.我沒有機會和她談這件事。Ihadnoopportunitytodiscussitwithher.Collocations:

grab/seize/takeanopportunityoffer/missanopportunityanopportunityforgoldenopportunityopportunity,chance&occasion這三個名詞均含“機會”之意。側重指有利或適合于采取行動，以達到某一目的或實現(xiàn)某種愿望的最佳時機或機會。CF:

opportunitychance側重指偶然或意外的機會，有時也指正?；蚝玫臋C會。occasion指特殊時機或良機，也指時節(jié)。

抓住/利用機會提供/錯過機會一個……的機會絕好的機會--buildon:baseon;useasabaseforfurtherdevelopmentWemustbuildonourreputationtoexpandthebusiness.他們根據(jù)自己的研究作出了這個結論。Theydrewtheconclusionbybuildingontheirownresearchwork.CF:build是一個常用詞，與之搭配組成的短語還有：

buildin

buildinto buildup 安裝，固定使固定于，使成為……的一部分樹立，建立；增進，增強--stimulate:v.encourageorhelpanactivitytobeginordevelopfurther;encouragesomeonebymakingthemexcitedaboutandinterestedinsth.

Thegovernmentplanstocuttaxesinordertostimulatetheeconomy.表揚她就能激勵她更加努力。Praisealwaysstimulateshertomakefurtherefforts/tomakegreaterefforts.--stimulate,encourage&inspire這三個動作均表示“鼓勵，激勵”之意。stimulate尤指人或物因外界因素而受到刺激，使人振作起來或增強做某事的信心和勇氣。例如：Theexhibitionstimulatedinterestintheartist’sworks.這次展覽引起人們對這位藝術家的作品的興趣。encourage指提高某人情緒，增強戰(zhàn)勝困難、實現(xiàn)目標的信心和勇氣。例如：Herparentsencouragedherinherstudies.她的父母鼓勵她好好學習。inspire通常指鼓起勇氣，充滿信心和希望。例如：Hisnobleexampleinspiredtherestofustomakegreaterefforts.他那崇尚的榜樣激勵我們大家更加努力。--

struggle:

1.v.tryextremelyhardtoachievesth,,eventhoughitisverydifficultI’vebeenstrugglingtounderstandthisarticlealltheafternoon.Fishstruggleforsurvivalwhenthewaterleveldropsinthelake.你給我這么多吃的,我得盡量把它吃完。

I’mstrugglingtofinishthehugehelpingyougaveme.2.n.alonghardfighttogetfreedom,politicalrights,etc.我們絕不會不戰(zhàn)而降。Wewillnotsurrenderwithoutastruggle.Pattern:struggleagainst/withstrugglefor struggletodosth. 與……作斗爭為……而斗爭為……而努力--

renovate:

v.repairabuildingoroldfurnituresothatitisingoodconditionagain

Herenovatesoldhousesandsellsthemataprofit.舊家具需要整修翻新。Theoldfurniturehereshouldberenovated.--repay:

v.paybackmoneythatyouhaveborrowed;dosth.forsomeone,orgivethemsth,inreturnforhelpingyouHehadtosellhiscartorepaythebankloan.HowcanIeverrepayyouforyourkindness?公司發(fā)給她獎金以酬謝她工作努力.Thefirmrepaidherhardworkwithabonus.Collocations:

repaythemoneytosb.

repayone’sdebttosociety把錢還給（某人）回報社會 --

loan:

1.n.1)anamountofmoneythatyouborrowfromabank,etc.I’monlyaskingforaloan.I’llpayyouback.Wecouldapplyforaloantobuyacar.2)thetimewhenyoulendsth.tosb.MayIhavetheloanofyourbicycle?謝謝你借給我自行車。Thankyouverymuchfortheloanofyourbike.2.vt.(AmericanEnglish)lendsb.sth.,esp.money;(BritishEnglish)lendsth.valuabletosomeoneThislibraryloansbooks,CDsandvideotapes.這位藝術家把她的繪畫出借給博物館。Theartistloanedherpicturestothemuseum.--distribute:v.

1)sharethingsamongagroupofpeople,especiallyinaplannedwayHedistributedsweetstoallthechildrenintheclass.他們把獎品分發(fā)給獲勝者。Theydistributedtheprizesamongthewinners.2)spreadsth.overalargeareaOurshopsaredistributedalloverthecity.示威者向行人分發(fā)傳單。Thedemonstratorsdistributedleafletstothepassers-by.CF:distribute,assign÷這三個動詞均含“分配，分發(fā)”之意。distribute通常指以整體或定量分為若干份來分配。assign指按照某種原則進行的硬性分配，常暗示著分配人的武斷性。divide普通用詞，側重將某物分成若干份分配給他人，當某物一分為二時，含平均分配之意。

--leaveout:failtomentionorinclude;omitI’vemadealistofnames—IhopeIhaven’tleftanyoneout.她在敘述中漏掉了一個重要細節(jié)。Sheleftoutanimportantdetailinheraccount.NB:leave還有很多其他的搭配，例如：leave…aloneleavebehindleavefor讓……獨自待著；不打擾忘了帶；留下動身前往（某地）--energetic:adj.havingorneedingalotofenergyordetermination

Heisanenergeticboy;heenjoyssports.這些年輕的學生們越干越有勁。Themoretheyoungstudentsworked,themoreenergetictheybecame.--occasional:adj.happeningsometimesbutnotoftenorregularly

Wegettheoccasionalvisitorshere.Haveyouseentheoccasionaltableinfrontofthesofa?家里這些天需要一個臨時司機。Thefamilyneedsanoccasionalchauffeurthesedays.--workon1)tryveryhardtoimproveorachievesth.Heisworkingonanewnovel.Hisdancingtechniqueisgood,butheneedstoworkonhisfitness.2)trycontinuouslytoinfluencesomeoneorpersuadethemtodosth.

I’mworkingonmyfathertogethimtotakemetotheairport.史密斯游說其他委員投票贊成這項提案。Smithworkedontheothercommitteememberstovoteforthebill.--switch:

1.

v.1)changefromdoingorusingonethingtodoingorusinganother

Iusedtocookonelectricity,butI’veswitchedtogas.2)turnoffamachine,light,radio,etc.usingaswitchWouldyoupleaseswitchtheradiooff?2.n.theactofturningorchangingWhendidyoumaketheswitchfromgastoelectricityinthishouse?幾次轉向之后,我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己來到了郵局門口。AfterseveralswitchesofdirectionIfoundmyselfinfrontofthepostoffice.--intuition:n.Theabilitytounderstandorknowsth.becauseofafeelingratherthanbyconsideringthefacts;anideaaboutwhatistrueinaparticularsituationbasedonafeelingratherthanfactsIcan’texplainhowIknew—Ijusthadanintuitionthatyou’dbeeninvolvedinanaccident.

沒有人告訴我到哪兒去找你.我純粹是憑直覺找到你的.Nobodytoldmewheretofindyou.Itwassheerintuition.Collocations:haveanintuition trustone’sintuitionbyintuition有一種直覺相信某人的直覺憑直覺--magic:

1.n.theabilityofparticularpeopleinchildren’sstoriestomakeimpossiblethingshappenbysayingspecialwordsLikemagic,thecarchangesintoaboatwhenithitsthewater.他們相信那都是魔法造成的。Theybelievethatitwasalldonebymagic.2.adj.verygoodorveryenjoyableThatmusicisreallymagic!

Yougotthetickets?Magic!我們今天玩得很痛快!Wehadamagictimetoday!--catchone’sbreath:restsoastobeabletocontinueanactivity,stopbreathingforamomentfromsurprise,shock,etc.Afterrunningtothebusstop,wesatdowntocatchourbreath.長途追逐后，這幾條狗氣喘吁吁Thedogswerecatchingtheirbreathafterthelongchase.Collocations:holdone’sbreath

outofbreathunder(one’s)breath inonebreath/inthesamebreath 屏息氣喘吁吁壓著嗓音，低聲說同時，立刻--matter

1.v.beimportant,especiallytobeimportanttoyou,ortohaveaneffectonwhathappens

IknowCharlesdoesn’tthinkthisprojectisimportant,butitmatterstome.我們遲到了，可好像沒什么關系。Wewerelatebutitdidn’tseemtomatter.2.n.asubjectorsituationthatyouhavetothinkaboutordealwith

CouldItalktoyouaboutapersonalmatter?談論世界問題是一回事，解決問題卻是另一回事。Talkingabouttheworld’sproblemsisonething,butsolvingthemisanothermatteraltogether--analysis:n.

studyofsth.byexaminingitspartsandtheirrelationships

Thechemistismakingananalysisofthe