新時(shí)代核心英語(yǔ)教程寫作2教學(xué)課件U8-Exemplification

oreurriculum新時(shí)代核心英語(yǔ)教程寫作28UNITExemplificationExemplificationexemplification范例，舉例說(shuō)明exposition說(shuō)明文KeyTermsillustration例證overgeneralization過(guò)度概括MainContentsStrategiesfororganizinganexemplificationessaySampleappreciationStrategiesforusingexemplification2.Qualityoftheexamplestobecited

DifficultPoints1.CriteriaforthenumberofexamplestobeusedReadthesecondparagraphon

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100andthenanswerthefollowingquestions.Activity11.Whatisthetopicsentenceoftheparagraph?Parentshavetherighttoexpecttheirchildrentopickupafterthemselvesandperformsimplehouseholdchores.Readthesecondparagraphon

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100andthenanswerthefollowingquestions.Activity12.Howmanyexamplesdoesthewriterprovidetoillustrateherpoint?Whatarethey?Theauthorprovidesaltogethersixexamplestoproveherpoint：Readthesecondparagraphon

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100andthenanswerthefollowingquestions.Activity1cleanthebathtubandthesinkrunerrandshelpinthekitchenbetaughttocookandcleandolaundrysewonbuttonsReadthesecondparagraphon

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100andthenanswerthefollowingquestions.Activity13.Forthefollowingtwoitems,identifyspecificexamplesintheparagraph.Pickingupafterthemselves:cleanthebathtubandthesinksotheywillbeinrespectableconditionforthenextperson.Performingsimplehouseholdchores:runerrands,helpinthekitchen,cookandclean,dolaundry,andsewonbuttons.StrategiesforusingexemplificationStrategiesforusingexemplificationExemplificationisprobablyoneofthesimplestandthemostcommonwaystodevelopanessay.Itcanbeusedasadominantorsupportivepatternofdevelopment.StrategiesforusingexemplificationSpecificexamplesreferdirectlytoparticularcases,notgeneralizationsaboutmanycases.Concreteexamplesrefertothingsthatyoucansee,hear,smell,taste,ortouchdirectlythroughyoursenses.UsespecificandconcreteexamplesUsespecificandconcreteexamplesInthefollowingexample,thewritertellsreadershowhekeepshimselffromwriting.Noticetheconcretelanguageandthespecificdetailsinit.Icandoalmostanythingtokeepmyselffromwriting.Icansharpenpencils.Icandustmydesk.Icanconsiderwhethertousewhiteoryellowpaper.Icanarrangemydictionaryataneat45-degreeangletothewall.Icanstarevacantlyoutofthewindow,prayingforinspiration.Icansharpenmypencilsalloveragain.Readtheparagraphinthepreviousslideagainandthenanswerthefollowingquestions.Activity21.Whatarethespecificandvividexamplesusedintheparagraph?Readtheparagraphinthepreviousslideagainandthenanswerthefollowingquestions.Activity2a.sharpenpencils.b.dustmydesk.c.considerwhethertousewhiteoryellowpaper.d.arrangemydictionaryataneat45-degreeangletothewall.e.starevacantlyoutofthewindow,prayingforinspiration.Readtheparagraphinthepreviousslideagainandthenanswerthefollowingquestions.Activity22.Ofalltheexamplesintheparagraph,whichoneisthemostspecific?Themostspecificexampleisarrangemydictionaryataneat45-degreeangletothewall.Readtheparagraphinthepreviousslideagainandthenanswerthefollowingquestions.Activity23.Howdothoseexamplesachievevividnessintheparagraph?Readtheparagraphinthepreviousslideagainandthenanswerthefollowingquestions.Activity2Thoseexamplesachievevividnessbycreatinginterestingsensoryimagesofthewritertryingtoevadewriting.Inotherwords,thewritershowshisreadershowheavoidswritinginsteadofjusttellingthemso.Thelastexamplebringsthewriterbacktothebeginningofhisseriesofactivities,implyingthathewillrepeatthosemeaninglessactivities.Readtheparagraphinthepreviousslideagainandthenanswerthefollowingquestions.Activity24.Howdoestheparagraphcomparewiththefollowingone?Icandoalmostanythingtokeepmyselffromwriting.Icaneatsomething.Icancleanmydesk.Icanputmydictionaryagainstthewall.Icanlookoutofthewindow.Readtheparagraphinthepreviousslideagainandthenanswerthefollowingquestions.Activity2Thefirstparagraphismuchmorevividandinterestingthanthesecondone,whichprovidesonlyfourexamplesandwhichusesgeneralwordssuchaseatsomething,cleanmydesk,put,and

look.Examplesmaycomefrompersonalexperiencesandobservations.Manyexamples,however,lieoutsideofpersonalexperiencesandobservations.quotations,facts,statisticsoraccountsHypotheticalexamplescanalsobeusedtosupportyourpoint.ChooseexamplesfromvarioussourcesThenumberofexamplesneededtodevelopapointdependsonthedifficultyandcomplexityofyoursubject,thelengthofyouressay,andyourowningenuity.Sometimes,onesingleextendedexampleisenoughtoillustrateamainidea.UseenoughexamplesWhenchoosingexamples,youshouldchoosethosethatarerepresentative.Donotuseaone-in-a-millionexampletosupportapointasifitweretypical.Arareexamplewillthrowyouintoovergeneralization.AvoidovergeneralizationStrategiesfororganizinganexemplificationessayStrategiesfororganizinganexemplificationessayAnexemplificationessayreliesalmostsolelyonexamplestosupportthethesis.Decidinghowtoorganizetheexamplessothattheessayisclearandeasytofollowisasimportantaschoosingthemosteffectiveexamples.StrategiesfororganizinganexemplificationessayBeginwithathesisstatementwhichyouwillillustrateinthebodywithoneextendedexample.Makeastatementthatpreviewstheexamplestobecoveredinthebodyparagraphs.HowtointroduceanexemplificationessayStartwithananecdotethatitselfservesasanexampleofyourcentralpoint.Askaquestionthatwillbeansweredbyanexampleorseveralexamplesinthebodyparagraphs.HowtointroduceanexemplificationessayTellwhichtechniqueisusedineachofthefollowingintroductoryparagraphs.Activity31.Duringthewintervacation,Icameacrossoneofmymother’scolleagues.Hesaidthathisson,whowasadrumfan,nowalsotooktheresponsibilityofabread-earnerbybeatingdrumsasapart-timejob.“Iusedtothinkhishobbyofbeatingdrumswasawasteoftime.Itneveroccurredtomethatahobbycouldalsobecomeasourceofincome,”hesaid.Tellwhichtechniqueisusedineachofthefollowingintroductoryparagraphs.Activity3Startwithananecdotethatitselfservesasanexampleofyourcentralpoint.Tellwhichtechniqueisusedineachofthefollowingintroductoryparagraphs.Activity32.Inthisworld,thepersonthathashadthegreatestinfluenceonmylifeismymother,whohasnotonlygivenmeselflesslove,butalsoguidedmeintothejourneyofmylife.Tellwhichtechniqueisusedineachofthefollowingintroductoryparagraphs.Activity3Beginwithathesisstatementwhichyouwillillustrateinthebodywithoneextendedexample.Eachbodyparagraphofanexemplificationessaydevelopsaseparateexample,oranaspectofanextendedexample,orapointillustratedbyseveralbriefexamples.Asingleextendedexampleoftenassumesthenarrativeform,presentingaseriesofeventsintimesequence.HowtodevelopthebodyofanexemplificationessayIf,asisusuallythecase,severalexamplessupportyourpoint,besuretopresenttheexamplesinsuitableorder.ChronologicalorderSpatialorderOrderofimportance,interest,etc.HowtodevelopthebodyofanexemplificationessayThefollowingoutlineshowsthearrangementofexamplesinorderofimportance.Thesis:Televisionexertsadverseeffectsonpeople.IntroductionI.Watchingtelevisionisawasteoftime.II.Longhoursoftelevisionviewingcandamageviewers’eyesight.III.Televisionlimitspeople’screativity.ConclusionHowtodevelopthebodyofanexemplificationessayTheconclusionofanexemplificationessayshouldbringtheessaytoasatisfactoryfinishbydoingoneoracombinationofthefollowing.restatethethesisinanewwayresolveanissuecreateafinalimpressionrelatethethesistoarelevantideaHowtoendanexemplificationessayAppropriatetransitionswillmakeyouressaymorelogical.Althoughtransitionsarenecessary,youshouldusethemmoderately.HowtoholdanexemplificationessaytogetherThefollowingaresomeusefultransitionalwordsaboutlocationsandspatialrelations.Enumeration:first,second,third,next,finallyAddition:also,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,besidesComparison:likewise,similarly,also,incomparisonContrast:but,yet,instead,whereas,stillHowtoholdanexemplificationessaytogetherThefollowingaresomeusefultransitionalwordsaboutlocationsandspatialrelations.Result:therefore,then,asaresult,inconsequence,consequentlySummary:inconclusion,insummary,tosumup,inbrief,inshortExemplification:forexample,forinstance,suchas,toillustrate,takethecaseofHowtoholdanexemplificationessaytogetherSampleappreciationSampleappreciationReadtheessaytitled“WonderfulWeeds”onp.106,andanswerthefollowingquestions.SampleappreciationSampleappreciation1.Whatisthethesisoftheessay?Isitstateddirectly,orisitimplied?Thesis:Aweedisoftenamisplacedvegetable—andmore.Itisdirectlystatedinthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph.Sampleappreciation2.Howmanyexamplesareemployedintheessay?Aretheyspecificandvivid?Aretheysufficienttosupportthethesis?Alltogether11examplesareemployedintheessay.Theyarespecificandvivid,andsupportthethesisverywell.Thefirsttwoareextendedexamples:thedandelioninParagraph2andthebroadleafplantaininParagraph3.Theauthorexplainsindetailhowtheycanserveaseitherfoodordrink,orevenasmedicine.Sampleappreciation2.Howmanyexamplesareemployedintheessay?Aretheyspecificandvivid?Aretheysufficienttosupportthethesis?Paragraph5givesnineminorexamples:thecommonmallow,lamb’squarters,stingingnettle,purslane,cattails,thistles,milkweed,tumbleweed,and

salsify,allofthemedibleandeachhavingadistinctflavor.These11examplesaresufficienttoprovethataweedisoftenamisplacedvegetable—andmore(medicine).Sampleappreciation3.Whydoesthewriterusesomanyexamplesinsteadofoneextendedexample?Oneextendedexampleisnotsufficienttoprovethataweedisoftenamisplacedvegetableormedicine.Thewordoftenimpliesthatagreatmanyweedshavethisfunction.Sampleappreciation4.Howdoesthewriterorganizetheexamples?Thewriterorganizestheexamplesintheanti-climacticorder—fromthemostfamiliarweeds—dandelionandbroadleafplantain—tothelessfamiliarones:thecommonmallow,lamb’squarters,stingingnettle,purslane,cattails,thistles,milkweed,tumbleweed,andsalsify.Sampleappreciation5.Whattransitionalexpressionsareusedtoholdtheessaytogether?Thewritermainlyreliesontransitionalexpressionstoholdhispapertogether,especiallyexpressionsofadditionandexemplification,suchasalso(Paragraph1&4),another(2),more(1),forinstance(2),forexample(4).PayspecialattentiontothebeginningsentencesofParagraph2(Take…forinstance)andParagraph3(Another…).Sampleappreciation6.Whatisthewriter’sconcludingtechnique?Isiteffective?Intheconcludingparagraph,thewriter,afterkindlywarningthereaderagainstherbicidesandpoisonousplants,createsafinalimpressionbyrecommendinghisreadertotryeatingwonderfulweeds,whicharereadytohandandsoeasytopick.Thisiseffectiveandpersuasive,becausethewriterhasintroducedsomanyedibleweedsinthebodyoftheessay.Sampleappreciation7.Towhomisthewriterwriting?Whatdoesheexpecthisreaderstodoafterreadingtheessay?Thewriteriswritingtothosewhodonotknowthatmanyweedsareedible,delicious,andnutritious,forheprovidesdetailedexplanationsabouthowthecommondandelionandbroadleafplantaincanbecookedandprocessed.Heexpectshisaudiencetotryeatingwonderfulweedsafterreadingtheessay.Sampleappreciation8.Howwouldyoucharacterizethetoneofthisessay?Isitserious,formal,orinformal?Thisessayiswritteninaseriousbutlight-heartedtone,withasmalltouchofhumor.Generally,theauthorusesstandarddictionandclearsentencestructures.Tofitthethemeofthisessay,heusessometechnicaltermssuchasherbicide,edible,andperennial,andalargenumberofplantnamessuchasbroadleafplantainandCattails.Sampleappreciation8.Howwouldyoucharacterizethetoneofthisessay?Isitserious,formal,orinformal?Butonthewhole,thelanguageissimpleandeasytounderstand.Thefactthatthewriteraddressestheaudiencedirectlyinthesecondpersonaddstotheinformalityofthestyle.Sampleappreciation9.Inferthemeaningsoftheunderlinedwordsandexpressionswiththehelpofthecontext.