（統(tǒng)考版）高考英語一輪復習課時提能練16必修4Unit1Womenofachievement（含解析）新人教版

課時提能練(十六)必修4Unit1WomenofachievementA：知識層面Ⅰ.語境語法填空A(考查派生詞)Lucywasbetterat1．observation(observe)thanmostchildrenofhergeneration.ShehadintendedtobecomealawyerbutchangedhermindwhenshemetDr.Cooper,whowasdeliveringmedicalcoursestoalargecrowdofaudience.Cooperinspiredhertostudymedicineandsupportedhertoamedicalinstitute.Lucyisnowa2．specialist(special),workinginthe3．emergency(emerge)departmentofahospital.Herbeingconsiderateand4．modest(modesty)haswonhermuchrespectfromherpatients.The5．organization(organize)shefoundedhaslaunchedcampaignstohelpcutthedeathrateforchildrenunder12．Sheoftenconnectsher6．achievement(achieve)withDr.Cooper,addingthatthesameresponsibilitycreatesaverystrongbondbetweenthem.B(考查動詞)Aconvincingspeech7．wasdelivered(deliver)byapsychologistatyesterday'sconference8．arguing(argue)abouthowparentingstylesaffectchildren'sbehaviour.Inhisopinion,childrenmustbepunishedwhentheyfail9．toobserve(observe)publicrulesandregulations.Ifachild10．behaves(behave)well,hedeservestobepraisedandrewardedthenandthere.Therearemanyexperts11．supporting(support)hisviewpoint,sayingthatkidswon'tlearnrightfromwrongifparentsdon't12．intend(intend)topunish.C(考查句型)Amancame13．flying(fly)roundthecornerandbumpedintome.HelookedsofamiliarthatImusthaveseenhimsomewhere.Suddenly14．ithitmethathewasjustthecriminalthepolicehadwanted.WhatshouldIdo?Tryingtostoporcatchhimmeant15．putting(put)mylifeatrisk.Fortunately,twopolicemenarrivedsoonandthemanwasarrested.Onlythen16．did(do)Ifeelmyheartbeatingfastandmylegstremblingslightly.Ⅱ.語境短文改錯(短文中有5處錯誤)ThesedaysIhavebeenkeptbusymakeafitnessprogramintendedfortheelderly.Oldpeopleworkoutinparksorsquaresinthemorningorevening.However,injuriesandevenheartattacksfrequenthappentothem.Obviously,theirexerciseactivitiesdoesn'tworkoutaswereexpected.Therefore,itisworthhelpingtheelderlygetproperlyinvolvedinphysicaltraining.Inmyprogram,professionalguidanceandadvancedequipmentsareofferedandindividualsafetyisguaranteed.【答案】ThesedaysIhavebeenkeptbusyeq\f(make,making)afitnessprogramintendedfortheelderly.Oldpeopleworkoutinparksorsquaresinthemorningorevening.However,injuriesandevenheartattackseq\f(frequent,frequently)happentothem.Obviously,theirexerciseactivitieseq\f(doesn't,don't)workoutaswereexpected.Therefore,itiseq\f(worth,worthwhile)helpingtheelderlygetproperlyinvolvedinphysicaltraining.Inmyprogram,professionalguidanceandadvancedeq\f(equipments,equipment)areofferedandindividualsafetyisguaranteed.Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示補全句子1．在過去的幾年里，中國在科學技術方面取得了巨大成就。Inthelastfewyears，Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinscienceandtechnology.2．我突然想起來我把雨傘忘在了公交車上。IthitmethatIhadleftmyumbrellaonthebus.3．盡管條件極其困難，我們必須堅持工作，直到取得成功。Wemustcarryonworkinguptillwesucceedinspiteoftheextremelydifficultconditions.4．只有通過努力你才能在學習上取得進步。Onlybyworkinghardwillyoumakeprogressinyourstudies.5．就在他要上床睡覺的時候，電話鈴響了。Itwaswhenhewasabouttogotobedthatthetelephonerang.(強調句型)B：能力層面Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2020·開封市一模)I'mAmandaGorman.I'vebeencrazyaboutwritingpoetrysincethirdgrade.Afterpolishingupmyskillsforaboutadecadeandhavingjudgesreviewmypoetryandvideosofmyperformances，Iwasnamedthecountry'sYouthPoetLaureatein2017．I'vereadmyworkattheLibraryofCongress.It'sbeenanexcellentjourneyespeciallysinceIusedtohavetroublesayinghalfofthealphabet.MytwinsisterSarahandIwerebornveryprematurely，whichledtolotsofearinfections.Ididn'thaveasmuchluckasSarahandtheearinfectionsleftmewithaseverehearingproblem，makingitdifficulttounderstandspeech，whichcausedmetodevelopaspeechimpediment(障礙)．MysisterwouldhavetotranslatewhenIspokebecausepeoplehadnoideawhatIwassaying.Writingwasn'tjustfun；itwasawaytohavemyvoiceheardandtostopmefromfeelingpityformydisability.AndIwasdeterminedtoreadmypoetryinfrontofaudiences.Oursinglemomcouldn'talwaysaffordmedicalhelp.Sometimesshehadtochoose：ShallIputfoodonthetableormakesureAmandacansaythisword?Whenwecouldn'tpay，I'dspendaboutanhouradayrecordingmytalkingandcorrectingthemistakesagainandagain.Butpoetrywasaconstant.Ididn'tneedexpensivematerialstotrainmyselftobebetteratthat.Atage20，Istillsufferfromself-doubt，butIhavegotanecklacewhichmygrandmothergaveme.WhenI'mnervousbeforeperforming，Iholditandsay，“Iamthedaughterofblackwriterswhofoughtfortheirfreedom，broketheirchainsandchangedtheworld.”Andusuallyaftersayingthat，I'mreadytogo.【語篇解讀】AmandaGorman因為早產而有聽力方面的問題和隨之導致的語言障礙，但她從小酷愛寫詩，并一直堅持，在2017年獲得了“青年桂冠詩人”的稱號。1．WhywasthevisittotheLibraryofCongressspecialforAmanda?A．Becauseshereceivedabigawardafterthevisit.B．Becauseshewasinspiredtowritepoetrythere.C．Becauseshedidsomereadingfortheaudience.D．Becauseshesucceededinsayingthealphabetthere.C[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“I'vereadmyworkattheLibraryofCongress.It'sbeenanexcellentjourneyespeciallysinceIusedtohavetroublesayinghalfofthealphabet”可知，國會圖書館之行對于Amanda來說很特別是因為她在那里朗讀了自己的作品，故選C。]2．HowisSarahdifferentfromAmanda?A．Sarahisphysicallyhealthier.B．Sarahfindswritingmuchmorefun.C．Sarahlikespublicspeakingalotmore.D．Sarahdidn'thaveearinfectionsasababy.A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Ididn'thaveasmuchluckasSarah”和“Mysisterwouldhavetotranslate”可推知，Sarah的身體狀況要比Amanda好，故A項正確。]3．WhatdidAmandathinkofhermom?A．Hermomdidn'tlikesettingthetable.B．Hermomstruggledtosupportthefamily.C．Hermomshowedlittleconcernforher.D．Hermomwasgoodatcorrectinghermistakes.B[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一、二句“Oursinglemomcouldn'talwaysaffordmedicalhelp...saythisword”可知，Amanda的母親辛苦養(yǎng)家，故B項正確。]4．WhatcanweknowaboutAmandafromthelastparagraph?A．She'sablackwoman.B．She'salwaysconfident.C．Shehasmanynecklaces.D．Sheaimstochangetheworld.A[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Iamthedaughterofblackwriters”可知，Amanda是一個黑人，故選A。]B(2020·湖北省部分重點中學第一次聯(lián)考)Havinganolderbrotherorsistercomeswithplentyofbenefits.Bigbrothersandsisterstendtolookoutfortheiryoungersiblings，anddespitetheoccasionalrockymoments，manysiblingshavelifelongcloserelationships.However，anewstudyfindstheinterestingdownside：childrenwitholderbrotherstakelongerwhenitcomestodevelopinglanguageskills.Thestudy，conductedbyagroupofresearchersinParis，F(xiàn)rance，buildsontheearlierresearchthathadalreadyestablishedthathavingoldersiblin，researcherssaytheyhavecometoamorespecificconclusion：onlychildrenwitholderbrothersexhibittheselinguisticdifficulties.Onewouldassumethatchildrenwitholderbrotherswouldgrowuparoundmoreconversationonadailybasis，thusspeedinguptheirlanguagedevelopment.Yetresearcherssaysuchchildrenactuallytakelongerthantheirolderbrotherstobegindevelopingtheseskills.Researchersstudiedmorethan1，000childrenfromtheirbirthtotheageoffiveandahalfyearsold.Eachchild'slanguageskillsweretestedatages2，3，and5.5，usingtestsspeciallydesignedtomeasurenumerousaspectsoflanguagedevelopmentsuchasvocabulary，syntax(句法)，andverbalreasoning.Whattheresearchteamdiscoveredwassignificant：childrenwitholderbrothershad，onaverage，atwo-monthdelayintheirlanguagedevelopmentcomparedtochildrenwitholdersisters.Whenexplainingthisphenomenon，researchershaveproposedtwohypotheses(假設)．Thefirsthypothesisisthatoldersisterstendtotalkmoreoftenthanolderbrothers，whichwouldmakeupforparentspotentiallybeinglesspresentthantheywerefortheirfirstchild.Thesecondisthatoldersistersusuallycompetewiththeirsiblingslessthanolderbrothersfortheirparents'love.Sofar，thestudy'sauthorssaytheycan'tsayforcertainwhychildrenwitholderbrothershaveahardertimedevelopinglanguageskills.Inthefuturetheywouldliketoinvestigateifculturesorlocationsimpacttheresultsofthestudy.【語篇解讀】有一個哥哥或姐姐有很多益處，哥哥和姐姐傾向于照顧他們的弟弟妹妹，但一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，有哥哥的孩子的語言能力發(fā)展比較慢。5．Peoplemayenjoyhavingbrothersandsistersbecause________．A．siblingsmayaffectthespeedoflanguagelearningB．theysharethehappymomentsonrockymountainsC．olderbrothersandsisterswilltakecareofyoungeronesD．allsiblingswillstayclosetoeachothernomatterwhathappensC[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“Bigbrothersandsisterstendtolookoutfortheiryoungersiblings”可知，哥哥和姐姐往往會照顧他們的弟弟、妹妹，由此可推知，很多人可能喜歡有哥哥、姐姐，是因為哥哥、姐姐們會照顧弟弟、妹妹。故選C。]【干擾項分析】根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句的表述可知，一項新的研究表明擁有哥哥的孩子，語言能力發(fā)展需要更久的時間，這是有哥哥不好的一面，不應該是人們喜歡有哥哥的原因，故排除A項；根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“despitetheoccasionalrockymoments，manysiblingshavelifelongcloserelationships”可知，盡管偶爾會有關系難以維持的時刻，但許多兄弟姐妹一生都保持著親密的關系，故B、D兩項表述錯誤。6．Whatdoesthepreviousresearchsuggestabouthavingoldersiblings?A．Manychildrenpreferhavingbrothersandsisters.B．Itwillaffecttheyoungerone'slanguagedevelopment.C．Olderbrothersmayhavesomethingtodowiththelinguisticdifficulties.D．Childrenwitholderbrotherswouldgrowuparoundmoreconversationonadailybasis.B[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“theearlierresearchthathadalreadyestablishedthathavingoldersiblingsisassociatedwithpoorlinguistic(語言的)development”可知，之前的研究表明，有哥哥姐姐與語言能力發(fā)展不良有關。故選B。]7．Whydochildrenwitholderbrothersexperiencethedelayinlanguagedevelopment?A．Probablybecauseolderbrothersareeagerformoreattention.B．Probablybecauseparentstendtofocusmoreonthefirstchild.C．Probablybecausechildrenwitholderbrothersareusuallylesscompetitive.D．Probablybecauseoldersistersgetlesslovefromtheirparentscomparedtoolderbrothers.A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段第三句“Thesecondisthatoldersistersusuallycompetewiththeirsiblingslessthanolderbrothersfortheirparents'love”可知，對于有哥哥的孩子語言能力發(fā)展比有姐姐的慢這個現(xiàn)象的原因，研究人員提出的第二個假設是，為了得到父母的愛，姐姐們通常比哥哥們更少地與弟弟妹妹競爭。由此可推知，哥哥們渴望得到更多的關注。故選A。]8．Whichoneisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Havingoldersiblings：agoodthingoradisaster?B．Thedelayofyourchildren'slanguagedevelopmentC．Whydochildrensufferfrompoorlanguageskills?D．OlderbrothersmayaffectyoungeronesinlanguagelearningD[標題判斷題。文章主要講述了一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)——有哥哥的孩子的語言能力發(fā)展要比有姐姐的孩子慢。文章第一段介紹了該研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，第二至第七段詳細介紹了該研究的過程、發(fā)現(xiàn)及對這種現(xiàn)象發(fā)生原因的假設，故D項最適合作本文標題。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·湖北八校第一次聯(lián)考)LastSunday，therewasnodirtintheair，onlybrightspringsunshineandaclearbluesky.Intheafternoon，PapaheadedouttothefieldtocheckonthecattlewhileMamastartedcleaningthehouse.FayeandIplayedintheyard.Thetemperaturesuddenlydropped—itfeltgood.The1hadbeenbuildingsincedawn.ThenMamashoutedfromthe2，“Iris，youandFayegetinsidequicklynow！”Ilookedtothewestandsawahugecloudofblack3，likethicksmokefromarailwayengine'schimney.Allthebirdsflewaway.“Faye，gowithMama！”I4．“I'llwarnPapa.”Fayerantowardthehouse.ThesandstormhitsofastthatI5sawherclimbtheporch(門廊)steps.Inashorttime6forPapa，hopingmyvoicewouldleadhimback.Thedirtandsandstungmyfacelikeathousandbees.Ineededtogettoashelter.7myfacewithonehand，Imademywaytowardthecarandopenedthedoor.DirtflewinwithmeasIpulledthedoorclosed.Papawasstilloutthere!Ineededtohelphim8thecar.Isearchedthedashboard(儀表板)andfoundtheswitchforthefront9．Theymadesomerays，butwouldPapaseetheminthethick10?Ipushedthehorn(喇叭)againandagain，hopingPapawouldhearit.11，Papa'sfaceappearedatthewindow.Myheartjumpedwithsurpriseand12.Heopenedthedoorandclimbedontotheseatnexttome.Hecoughedandwipedhiseyeswithdirtyhands，thenpulledmeintohisarms.“Oh，Iris，you're13.”IhuggedPapaand1415myfaceandasked，“YourmotherandFaye？”Isaid，“Theyareinthehouse.”Papanodded，“Good.We'llwaitoutthesandstormhere.”Papashutoffthecar'slightsandIworriedthedirtwould16us.Finally，thewinddieddownandtheduststartedto17．Papakickedagainstthedoor，openingitfarenoughtoletusout.WewenthomeasMama18out.“Mama！”Ishoutedandranintoherarms.“Oh，mypreciousIris！”Mamacried.“YouandPapaaresafe！”“I'msafe19Iris，”Papasaid.“Thecar'shornledmetotheshelter.”“I'msoproudofyou，”Mamasaidtome.Icriedevenmorethen，butthetearsIshedweretearsofjoybecauseourfamilyhad20thehorriblesandstorm.【語篇解讀】一個晴朗的春日下午，作者的父親去牧場查看牛的情況，母親開始打掃房子，作者和妹妹在院子里玩耍。這時氣溫驟降，一場沙塵暴將至，作者讓妹妹到屋里去和媽媽在一起，自己則去提醒父親。接著，作者找到自家的車，把前車燈打開，并一遍遍地按喇叭，最終父親聽到喇叭聲回到了車里。最后，一家人平安地渡過了沙塵暴。1．A.sandB．thunderC．heatD．snowC[根據(jù)前一句“Thetemperaturesuddenlydropped—itfeltgood”和語境可推知，從黎明開始氣溫一直在上升。]2．A.school B．houseC．fieldD．carB[根據(jù)上文中的“Mamastartedcleaningthehouse”和本句中的“Iris，youandFayegetinsidequicklynow！”可推知，當時媽媽正在打掃房子，她應該是從屋里喊在院子里玩耍的Iris和Faye，讓她們進屋里。]3．A.fog B．gasC．steamD．dustD[根據(jù)本句中的“l(fā)ikethicksmokefromarailwayengine'schimney”，并與下文中的“Thedirtandsandstungmyfacelikeathousandbees”呼應可推知，作者當時朝西邊看，看到一大團黑色的灰塵。]4．A.stated B．complainedC．suggestedD．shoutedD[根據(jù)語境以及“Faye，gowithMama！”并與上文中的“ThenMamashouted”呼應可推知，作者看到一大團黑色的灰塵，察覺到不對勁，就大聲對妹妹說話，讓妹妹進屋里和媽媽待在一起。]5．A.hardly B．constantlyC．reallyD．surprisinglyA[根據(jù)本句中的“Thesandstormhitsofast”可知，沙塵暴來得很快，以至于作者幾乎看不見妹妹爬門廊前的臺階。]6． B．waitedC．lookedD．searchedA[根據(jù)本句中的“hopingmyvoicewouldleadhimback”可推知，作者當時應是大聲喊她的爸爸。]7．A.Cleaning B．TouchingC．CoveringD．RubbingC[根據(jù)上文中的“Thedirtandsandstungmyfacelikeathousandbees”可推知，當時沙塵暴很惡劣，作者應是用一只手遮著自己的臉，朝車走去。]8．A.fix B．findC．recognizeD．driveB[根據(jù)前一句“Papawasstil