2023年考研考博-考博英語-吉林大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-吉林大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Ifhockeyplayersaretoo（

）,theyarepenalized.問題1選項A.clumsyB.aggressiveC.briskD.flexible2.單選題

HiscriticisminjuredJenny’s（）.Sosheisfeelingsadnow.問題1選項A.divinityB.indignityC.egoD.mind3.單選題Carbondioxideandothernaturallyoccurringgasesintheearth’satmospherecreateanaturalgreenhouseeffectbytrappingandabsorbingsolarradiation.Thesegasesactasablanketandkeeptheplanetwarmenoughforlifetosurviveandflourish.Thewarmingoftheearthisbalancedbysomeoftheheatescapingfromtheatmospherebackintospace.Withoutthiscompensatingflowofheatoutofthesystem,thetemperatureoftheearth’ssurfaceanditsatmospherewouldrisesteadily.Scientistsareincreasinglyconcernedaboutahuman-drivengreenhouseeffectresultingfromariseinatmosphericlevelsofcarbondioxideandotherheat-trappinggreenhousegases.Theman-madegreenhouseeffectistheexhalationofindustrialcivilization.Amajorcontributingfactoristheburningoflargeamountsoffossilfuels—coal,petroleum,andnaturalgas.Anotheristhedestructionoftheworld’sforests,whichreducestheamountofcarbondioxideconvertedtooxygenbyplants.Emissionsofcarbondioxide,chlorofluorocarbons,nitrousoxide,andmethanefromhumanactivitieswillenhancethegreenhouseeffect,causingtheearth’ssurfacetobecomewarmer.Themaingreenhousegas,watervapor,willincreaseinresponsetoglobalwarmingandfurtherenhanceit.Thereisagreementwithinthescientificcommunitythatthebuildupofgreenhousegasesisalreadycausingtheearth’saveragesurfacetemperaturetorise.Thisischangingglobalclimateatanunusuallyfastrate.AccordingtotheWorldMeteorologicalOrganization,theearth’saveragetemperatureclimbedabout1degreeFinthepastcentury,andnineofthetenwarmestyearsonrecordhaveoccurredsince1990.AUnitedNationspanelhaspredictedthataverageglobaltemperaturescouldriseasmuchas10.5degreesFduringthenextcenturyasheart-trappinggasesfromhumanindustryaccumulateintheatmosphere.Whatarethepotentialimpactsofanenhancedgreenhouseeffect?Accordingtoestimatesbyaninternationalcommittee,NorthAmericanclimaticzonescouldshiftnorthwardbyasmuchas550kilometers(340miles).Suchachangeinclimatewouldlikelyaffectallsectorsofsociety.Insomeareas,heatandmoisturestresswouldcutcropyields,andtraditionalfarmingpracticeswouldhavetochange.Forexample,intheNorthAmericangrainbelt,highertemperaturesandmorefrequentdroughtduringthegrowingseasonmightrequirefarmerstoswitchfromcorntowheatandtousemorewaterforirrigation.Globalwarmingmayalsocauseariseinsealevelbymeltingpolaricecaps.Ariseinsealevelwouldacceleratecoastalerosionandinundateislandsandlow-lyingcoastalplains,someofwhicharedenselypopulated.Millionsofacresofcoastalfarmlandswouldbecoveredbywater.Furthermore,thewarmingofseawaterwillcausethewatertoexpand,thusaddingtothepotentialdanger.Globalwarminghasalreadyleftitsfingerprintonthenaturalworld.Tworesearchteamsrecentlyreviewedhundredsofpublishedpapersthattrackedchangesintherangeandbehaviorofplantandanimalspecies,andtheyfoundampleevidenceofplantsbloomingandbirdsnestingearlierinthespring.Bothteamsconcludedthatrisingglobaltemperaturesareshiftingtherangesofhundredsofspecies—thusclimaticzones—northward.Thesestudiesarehardevidencethatthenaturalworldisalreadyrespondingdramaticallytoclimatechange,eventhoughthechangehasjustbegun.Ifglobalwarmingtrendscontinue,changesintheenvironmentwillhaveanenormousimpactonworldbiology.Birdsespeciallyplayacriticalroleintheenvironmentbypollinatingplants,dispersingseeds,andcontrollinginsectpopulations;thus,changesintheirpopulationswillreverberatethroughouttheecosystemstheyinhabit.1.Accordingtothepassage,howdocarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesaffecttheearth-atmospheresystem?2.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3aboutglobalclimatechange?3.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatisoneeffectthatclimatechangecouldhaveonagricultureinNorthAmerica?4.Whydoestheauthorusetheword“fingerprint”inparagraph6?5.Whatevidencedoestheauthorgivethatclimaticzoneshaveshiftednorthward?問題1選項A.Theycollectsolarradiationthatwarmstheearth’ssurface.B.Theycreatetheconditionsfornewformsoflifetoemerge.C.Theycauseheattoflowfromtheatmosphereintospace.D.Theydecreasetheamountofoxygenintheatmosphere.問題2選項A.Climatechangewillhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffectsonhumansociety.B.Itisdifficulttopredicttheeffectsofclimatechangeoverthenextcentury.C.Internationalorganizationshavebeenstudyingclimatechangeonlysince1990.D.Climatechangeislikelytocontinueaslongasheat-trappinggasesaccumulate.問題3選項A.ReturntomoretraditionalmethodsoffanningB.MovementoffarmstothenorthernmostregionsC.ChangesinthecropsthatfarmerscangrowD.Lesswateravailableforirrigatingcrops問題4選項A.ToshowthathundredsoffingerprintswereexaminedB.TointroduceconclusiveevidenceofglobalwarmingC.TodescribeamethodusedbytworesearchteamsD.Tosuggestthatpeopledonotcauseglobalwarming問題5選項A.Solarradiationescapesfromtheatmospherebackintospace.B.Thewaterintheoceanexpandsasitgetswarmer.C.PlantsbloomandbirdsbuildnestsearlierinthespringD.Birdsnolongerpollinateplantsorcontrolinsectpopulation4.單選題

Theideasexpressedinthearthistorian’sbookaremore（

）thanonewouldexpectonthebasisofherrather（

）treatmentofhersubjectintheopeningpages.問題1選項A.riguingB.accessible...reconditeC.hidebound...reactionaryD.insightful...innovative5.單選題WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.Afterall,morethan200yearsseparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn’tbeenbornyet,orisababynow.That’sbecausethequestforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrentmathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerginganytimesoon.Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.InEinstein’sday,therewereonlyafewthousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithseatstoshare.Educationisdifferent,too.OnecrucialaspectofEinstein’strainingthatisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyhereadasateenager—Kant,SchopenhauerandSpinoza,amongothers.Ittaughthimhowtothinkindependentlyandabstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn’tlongbeforehebecameaphilosopherhimself.“Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis—inmyopinion—themarkofdistinctionbetweenamereartisan(IE)orspecialistandarealseekeraftertruth，”Einsteinwrotein1944.Andhewasanaccomplishedmusician.Theinterplaybetweenmusicandmathiswell-known.Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroughaknottyphysicsproblem.Today,universitieshaveproducedmillionsofphysicists.Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical—andrewarding—efforts.“MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,”saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,“butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard.”EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing.“Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!”GreenesaidatarecentgatheringattheAspenInstitute.“Ittakesacertaintypeofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthewallbecauseyoubelieveyou’llfindthesolution.”PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis“miracleyear”of1905.These“thoughtexperiments”werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbyavirtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?“Weallgetpaperslikethoseinthemail,”Greenesaid.“Weputtheminthejunkfile.”1.Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?2.WhatwascriticaltoEinstein’ssuccess?3.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?4.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying“itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard”(Para.9)?5.Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein（

）.問題1選項A.Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.B.ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.C.NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.D.ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.問題2選項A.Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.B.Hisindependentandabstractthinking.C.Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.D.Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.問題3選項A.Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.B.Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.C.Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.D.Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.問題4選項A.Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.B.Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.C.PaperslikeEinstein’swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.D.Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.問題5選項A.forgottomakefootnotesandcitationsB.waslittleknowninacademiccirclesC.wasknownasayounggeniusinmathcalculationsD.knewnothingabouttheformatofacademicpapers6.單選題Somemineralsarequitecommon,othersareregionally（

）,andstillothersarerareontheearth.問題1選項A.attributedB.distributedC.contributedD.scattered7.單選題

Itwasessentialthattheapplicationforms（

）backbeforethedeadline.問題1選項A.mustbesentB.wouldbesentC.besentD.weresent8.單選題Thecommitteeis（

）adecisionfromtheheadquartersbeforeittakesanyaction.問題1選項A.waitingB.awaitingforC.awaitingD.anticipating9.單選題Thescientistfounditpuzzlingthathistheoryencountered（

）despitewidespread

agreementthatitwas（

）.問題1選項A.respect...crucialB.dismissal...simplisticC.skepticism...unfathomableD.opposition...indisputable10.單選題RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn’tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandenvironment.Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn.WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofcountry’ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.SowhatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityofeducationoutcomes—allthingthatcontributetoaperson’ssenseofwell-being.ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakers,whorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress1.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe（

）.2.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that（

）.3.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?4.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat（

）.5.Whichofthefollowingisthebestforthetext?問題1選項A.praisedtheUKforitsGDPB.identifiedGDPwithhappinessC.misinterpretedtheroleofGDPD.hadalowopinionofGDP問題2選項A.theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpatternB.theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomyC.GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUKD.policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP問題3選項A.ItexcludesGDPasanindicatorB.Itissponsoredby163countries.C.ItscriteriaarequestionableD.Itsresultareenlightening問題4選項A.theUKispreparingforaneconomicboomB.highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdeclineC.itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDPD.itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissue問題5選項A.HighGDPbutInadequateWell-being,aU.KlessonB.GDPfigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealthC.RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDPD.Brexit,theUK’sGatewaytoWell-being11.單選題Biologicaldiversityhasbecomewidelyrecognizedasacriticalconservationissueonlyinthepasttwodecades.Therapiddestructionofthetropicalrainforests,whicharetheecosystemswiththehighestknownspeciesdiversityonEarth,hasawakenedpeopletotheimportanceandfragilityofbiologicaldiversity.Thehighrateofspeciesextinctionsintheseenvironmentsisjolting,butitisimportanttorecognizethesignificanceofbiologicaldiversityinallecosystems.Asthehumanpopulationcontinuestoexpand,itwillnegativelyaffectoneafteranotherofEarth’secosystems.Interrestrialecosystemsandinfringemarineecosystems(suchaswetlands),themostcommonproblemishabitatdestruction.Inmostsituations,theresultisirreversible.Nowhumansarebeginningtodestroymarineecosystemsthroughothertypesofactivities,suchasdisposalandrunoffofpoisonouswaste;inlessthantwocenturies,bysignificantlyreducingthevarietyofspeciesonEarth,theyhaveunraveledconsofevolutionandirrevocablyredirecteditscourse.Certainly,therehavebeenperiodsinEarth’shistorywhenmassextinctionshaveoccurred.Theextinctionofthedinosaurswascausedbysomephysicalevent,eitherclimaticorcosmic.Therehavealsobeenlessdramaticextinctions,aswhennaturalcompetitionbetweenspeciesreachedanextremeconclusion.Only0.1percentofthespeciesthathavelivedonEarthhavesurvivedtothepresent,anditwaslargelychancethatdeterminedwhichspeciessurvivedandwhichdiedout.However,nothinghaseverequatedthemagnitudeandspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworldanddemolishingtheenvironment.Infact,thereiswideagreementthatitistherateofchangehumansareinflicting,evenmorethanthechangesthemselves,thatwillleadtobiologicaldevastation.LifeonEarthhascontinuallybeeninfluxasslowphysicalandchemicalchangeshaveoccurredonEarth,butlifeneedstimetoadapt-timeformigrationandgeneticadaptationwithinexistingspeciesandtimefortheproliferationofnewgeneticmaterialandnewspeciesthatmaybeabletosurviveinnewenvironments.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?2.TheauthormentionsthereductionofthevarietyofspeciesonEarthinline10tosuggestthat（

）.3.Theauthormentionstheextinctionofthedinosaursinthesecondparagraphtoemphasizethat（

）.4.Accordingtothepassage,naturalevolutionarychangeisdifferentfromchangescausedbyhumansinthatchangescausedbyhumans（

）.5.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?問題1選項A.ThecausesoftheextinctionofthedinosaurB.Thevarietyofspeciesfoundintropicalrainforests.C.TheimpactofhumanactivitiesonEarth’secosystemsD.Thetimerequiredforspeciestoadapttonewenvironments.問題2選項A.newhabitatscanbecreatedforspeciesB.humansareoftenmadeillbypollutedwaterC.somespecieshavebeenmadeextinctbyhumanactivityD.anunderstandingofevolutioncanpreventcertainspeciesfromdisappearing.問題3選項A.thecauseofthedinosaurs’extinctionisunknownB.Earth’sclimatehaschangedsignificantlysincethedinosaurs’extinction.C.notallmassextinctionshavebeencausedbyhumanactivityD.actionsbyhumanscouldnotstoptheirreversibleprocessofaspecies’extinction問題4選項A.areoccurringatamuchfasterrateB.arelessdevastatingtomostspeciesC.affectfewerecosystemsD.arereversible問題5選項A.HumaninfluenceonecosystemsshouldnotbeafactorindeterminingpublicpolicyB.Theextinctionofafewspeciesisanacceptableconsequenceofhumanprogress.C.Technologywillprovidesolutionstoproblemscausedbythedestructionofecosystems.D.Humansshouldbemoreconsciousoftheinfluencetheyhaveonecosystems.12.單選題Therealmofproductliabilityisonethathasalwaysputlegalscholarsandpractitionersatodds.Viewedbysomeasgenuineeffortstoprotectthepublicfromdangerousgoodsandothersasanexcusefordirtylawyerstosuerichcompanies,thematterhasyettoberesolved.Productliability,anditsimplicationsfordisgruntledconsumerswishingtosuethemakersofwhattheybuy,continuestobedebated.Thosewhoarguethatcurrentproductliabilitylawsarepositiveassertthatwithoutsuchlaws,manufacturerswouldbefreetodoastheypleasewithoutregardforthesafetyoftheconsumerswhobuytheirproducts.Asaresult,theyargue,shoddymerchandisewouldemerge,witheverypossiblecomercutinordertolowercosts,attheexpenseofquality.Notonlywouldtheshoddymerchandisebearip-off,however,buttheproductscouldlikelybeharmfulaswell.Proponentsofthispointofviewhailthenewwaveofwarninglabelsandincreasedqualityassurancethathasresultedfromrecentproductliabilitylegislation,confidentintheirconvictionthatithasmadetheAmericanmarketplaceasaferplacetoshop.Opponentsofthecurrentstatus-quo,however,citetheoverwhelmingamountoflitigationthathastakenplaceasaresultofstricterproductliability.Amoderateapproachisadvisedbythisgroup,betweenthenecessarysafeguardsthatworldpreventabuseofthesystembythecompaniesandtheexcessiveconsumer-protectionlawsthatallowproducerstobesuedatthedropofahat.Thesepeoplearguethatgreedandthealluringpossibilityofeasymoneyleadunscrupulousbuyerstolookforanyexcusetobringminorgrievancestocourt,hopingforamilliondollaroutcome.Asthesituationstandsnow,theformercampisgettingitsway,reflectingsociety’spriorityofsafetyovereconomics.Recentlobbyingbyproducershasbeguntoshiftthetide,however.Asabuseofproductliabilitylawscontinuesandgrows,courtsarebeginningtonotethetrendandtakeappropriatemeasures,castingakeenereyeonsuchcasessoastodistinguishbetweenfrivolouscasesandmoreseriousclaims.Inregardtothefutureofproductliabilitylegislationanditsrelationtooureverincreasinglylitigioussociety,onlytimewilltell.1.Itisstatedthatconsumerswhobringproductliabilityproblemstolitigation（

）.2.Manufacturersinthetexttendto（

）.3.Thosewhofavorlessstrictproductliabilitylawsbelievethat（

）.4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueseemstobe（

）.5.Themainpurposeofthistextisto（

）.問題1選項A.areprimarilymotivatedbythepossibilityofquickmoneythroughalawsuitB.sufferinjuriesfromfaultymerchandiseanddeserveappropriatecompensationC.willfindtheiroptionslimitedinthefutureasproductliabilitylawswillmovetowardamoremoderatepositionD.bringtheirissuestolitigationbasedonbothlegitimateandprofitseekinggrounds問題2選項A.invariablyproducedangerousproductsthatrequirelegislationtoensuresafetyB.holdprofitandcost-cuttinginhigherregardthanconsumersafetyC.bethevictimsofalegalinstitutionthatunfairlytargetsthemD.beboundbythecurrentsystem,causingthemtotakecautioninproducingtheirproducts問題3選項A.suchlawscurbproducers’abilitytocreateshoddymerchandisetoattaingreaterprofitB.thelawsneedtobemodifiedtobetterservetheneedsofbothconsumersandproducersC.theresultsofsuchlawshavebeenpositivethusfar,butneedtobemodifiedD.strictproductliabilitylawsareunnecessaryandshouldbedisposedof問題4選項A.biasedB.puzzlingC.objectiveD.indifferent問題5選項A.presenttwoopposingsidesofanargumentforthereader’sconsiderationB.educatethereaderabouttheeffectofproductliabilitylegislationonthelegalsystemC.convincethereaderthatproductliabilitylawsneedtobechanged.D.informthereaderofthecurrentstatusofproductliabilitylaws13.單選題

Youmustremembernotto（

）fromthepointwhenyouwriteanessay.問題1選項A.goastrayB.wanderC.divergeD.gooff14.單選題Theemployermust（

）thattheapplicationsfortheposthavetheproperqualifications.問題1選項A.justifyB.verifyC.warrantD.perceive15.單選題Thedoctorsdon’t（

）thatthepatientwilllivemuchlonger.問題1選項A.monitorB.manifestC.articulateD.anticipate16.單選題Somescientistsaredubiousoftheclaimthatorganisms（

）withageasaninevitableoutcomeofliving.問題1選項A.depressB.defaultC.degradeD.deteriorate17.單選題The（

）preventsthepeopleinthetwoneighboringnationsfromlivinginpeace.問題1選項A.brevityB.amenityC.enmityD.fidelity18.單選題Sinceabout1800,nearthebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution,coal,petroleum,andgashavebeenusedatarapidlyincreasingrate.Thesupplyofthese（1）islimited,andelectricpowerisvery（2）inmanyplaces.Somescientistsbelievesolarenergyistheonly（3）whichcanmeettheworld’senormous（4）forpower.Greatprogresshadbeenmadeinharnessingthesun.Notonlyisthesunnowusedincooking,（5）italsosuppliespowerfor（6）thingsasbeaconlightsforshipsandairplanes.It（7）telephonelines,portableradios,electricclocks,hearingaids,andevencommunication.SomehomesandofficebuildingsintheUnitedStatesarenowbeing（8）withsolarenergy.Thethreemostsignificanttypesofsolarequipment（9）arethefurnace,thestill,andthecell.Solarfurnacesheatwaterorair,（10）isthencirculatedthroughabuildingtomakeitcomfortable.Solarstillsare（11）importantbecausetheycanprovide（12）wateratarelativelycheaprate.Saltcaneasilybe（13）fromseawaterwithasolarstill.Themosthighlydevelopedtypeofsolar（14）equipmentisthesolarcell.Somecellsareso（15）thattheycanturn16percentoftheenergytheyreceivefromthesun（16）electricenergy.Oneofthecell’sbiggestadvantagesis（17）itcanbemadeeithersmallenoughtocarry（18）largeenoughtoproduceacurrentthatcanrunanautomobile.Besides,ithasaverylonglife.Itisstilltooexpensiveforthe（19）consumerbutwhenwaysare（20）toproduceitmorecheaply,wecanexpectitsusetobewide-spread.問題1選項A.materialsB.oresC.reservesD.fuels問題2選項A.abundantB.adequateC.scarceD.rare問題3選項A.meansB.sourceC.solutionD.resource問題4選項A.needB.desireC.necessityD.supply問題5選項A.moreoverB.besidesC.howeverD.but問題6選項A.someB.manyC.suchD.these問題7選項A.connectsB.operatesC.drivesD.manufactures問題8選項A.heatedB.burntC.equippedD.built問題9選項A.eversinceB.nowonderC.inallD.sofar問題10選項A.thatB.whatC.whichD.it問題11選項A.speciallyB.especiallyC.essentiallyD.specifically問題12選項A.freshB.healthyC.boiledD.cool問題13選項A.dissolvedB.distinguishedC.dividedD.removed問題14選項A.electricB.electronicC.powerD.heating問題15選項A.powerfulB.resourcefulC.efficientD.reliable問題16選項A.throughB.intoC.byD.with問題17選項A.howB.thatC.becauseD.which問題18選項A.butB.soC.orD.too問題19選項A.tipicalB.normalC.averageD.general問題20選項A.discoveredB.inventedC.disclosedD.revealed19.單選題Hewasfiredbecausehewas（

）lateforwork.問題1選項A.occasionallyB.consistentlyC.presentlyD.weekly20.單選題

Amotionpicturedirectorforovertwentyyears,JohnChampmanstampedhisfilmwith（

）tyleandpersonalconviction.問題1選項A.himselfB.hisownC.hisD.him第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。clumsy“笨拙的”；aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的”；brisk“敏銳的，活潑的”；flexible“靈活的，柔韌的，易彎曲的”。句意：如果曲棍球選手太過于具有攻擊性，將會被處罰。選項B符合題意。2.【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。divinity“神圣，神性”；indignity“侮辱，輕蔑”；ego“自尊心，自我意識”；mind“精神，理智，決心”。句意：他的批評傷害了Jenny的自尊心。所以她現(xiàn)在非常傷心。選項C符合題意。3.【答案】第1題:A第2題:D第3題:C第4題:B第5題:C【解析】1.文章第一段第一句Carbondioxideandothernaturallyoccurringgasesintheearth’satmospherecreateanaturalgreenhouseeffectbytrappingandabsorbingsolarradiation提到二氧化碳與其他氣體是通過捕獲和吸收太陽輻射而形成了溫室效應(yīng)。選項A符合題意。2.文章第三段提到聯(lián)合國一個專門小組已預(yù)測，隨著人類工業(yè)的吸熱氣體在地球大氣層的逐漸增加，全球平均氣溫在下個世紀可能上升10.5華氏度，選項D“只要吸熱氣體不斷累積，氣候變化就可能繼續(xù)”符合題意。3.文章第四段主要提及了溫室效應(yīng)的潛在影響（potentialimpacts），并舉了北美谷物種植帶的例子來說明氣溫如果持續(xù)增高，當?shù)厝嗣裰荒芊N植小麥而不再種植玉米。選項C“農(nóng)民可以種植的作物發(fā)生變化”符合題意。4.文章第六段提到研究團隊通過查閱眾多相關(guān)資料證明自然世界對氣候變化已經(jīng)做出了的回應(yīng)是引人注目的（Thesestudiesarehardevidencethatthenaturalworldisalreadyrespondingdramaticallytoclimatechange,eventhoughthechangehasjustbegun.）由此可以推知fingerprint在這里有“證據(jù)”的意思。選項B符合題意。5.文章最后一段theyfoundampleevidenceofplantsbloomingandbirdsnestingearlierinthespring提到研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)充分的證據(jù)，比如春天里植物開花和鳥類筑巢在時間上提前。由此可知選項C符合題意。4.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。compelling“引人注目的，不可抗拒的”；intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”；accessible“易接近的，可進入的，可理解的”；recondite“深奧的，隱藏的”；hidebound“死板的，保守的，頑固的”；reactionary“保守的，反動的”；insightful“有深刻見解的，富有洞察力的”；innovative“革新的，創(chuàng)新的”。句意：跟她在開篇對主題的深奧表述，對于讀者而言，這個藝術(shù)史學(xué)家書中的觀點要容易理解很多。選項B符合題意。5.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:D第4題:D第5題:B【解析】1.文章第一段第三句話AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.“科學(xué)家們說一個新的愛因斯坦將會出現(xiàn)。但是需要很長一段時間”，根據(jù)這句話可知選項D符合題意。2.文章第五段提到了愛因斯坦所受的教育不同。在他青少年時期他時常閱讀卡特、叔本華、斯賓諾莎這些哲學(xué)家的作品。這些作品教會了他如何獨立以及抽象地去思考時間與空間。由此可推知愛因斯坦“獨立以及抽象的思維”是他成功的關(guān)鍵。所以選項B符合題意。