2018年12月英語六級考試真題與答案解析：完整版

2018年12月英語六級考試真題與答案解析：完整版————————————————————————————————————————英語六級第1套Part

I

Writing

(30

minutes)Directions:

For

this

part,

you

are

allowed

30

minutes

to

write

an

essay

on

how

to

balance

workand

leisure.

You

should

write

at

least

150

words

but

no

more

than

200

words.

HowtoBalanceWorkandLeisureJustastheoldsayinggoes,"AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy",whichillustratestheimportanceandnecessityofkeepingabalancebetweenworkandleisure.However,intoday'sfast-pacedworkculture,it'sdifficultformostpeopletosuccessfullymaintainagoodbalancebetweenthetwo.Asforme,sometipscancontributetoachievingthebalance.Firstofall,youshoulddevelopefficientworkinghabits,becauseonlyinthiswaycanyousqueezeoutsomeleisuretime.Itrequiresyoutodevoteyourfullattentiontothetaskathandandcompletedailyworkefficiently.Second,inordertorelievethefatigueandstress,it'svitaltoscheduleonethingthatyouareinterestedineachdayandsetasidesometimeforrelaxation.Lastbutnotleast,forthoseworkaholics,pleasekeepinmindthatifyouworkhard,youshouldn'tfeelguiltywhenyouspendtimeonpersonalleisure,forentertainmentisalsoapartoflife.Toconclude,workandleisurecomplementeachother,sowhenyougettiredandboredwithyourdailygrind,trytotakesometimeoffworktorelaxyourself.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:

Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Itcanbenefitprofessionalsandnon-professionalsalike.

B)Itliststhevariouschallengesphysicistsarcconfronting.

C)Itdescribeshowsomemysteriesofphysicsweresolved.

D)Itisoneofthemostfascinatingphysicsbookseverwritten.

2.A）physicists'contributiontohumanity.

B)Storiesaboutsomefemalephysicists.

C)Historicalevolutionofmodernphysics.

D)Women'schangingattitudestophysics.

3.A)Byexposingalotofmythsinphysics.

B)Bydescribingherownlifeexperiences.

C)Byincludinglotsoffascinatingknowledge.

D)Bytellinganecdotesaboutfamousprofessors.

4.A)Itavoidsdetailingabstractconceptsofphysics.

B)Itcontainsalotofthought-provokingquestions.

C)Itdemonstrateshowtheycanbecomephysicists.

D)Itprovidesexperimentstheycandothemselves.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Heistoobusytofinishhisassignmentintime.

B)Hedoesnotknowwhatkindoftopictowriteon.

C)Hedoesnotunderstandtheprofessor'sinstructions.

D)Hehasnoideahowtoproceedwithhisdissertation論文、專題、學術演講.

6.A)Itistoobroad寬的、寬闊的.

B)Itisabitoutdated過時的、落伍的.

C)Itischallenging.

D)Itisinteresting.

7.A)Biography傳記、檔案.

B)Nature.

C)Philosophy哲學.

D)Beauty.

8.A)Improvehiscumulativegrade.

B)Develophisreadingability.

C)Stickto堅持、忠于、信守thetopicassigned.

D)Listtheparametersfirst.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Theunprecedented空前的、史無前例的hightemperature高溫inGreenland.

B)ThecollapseoficeonthenortherntipofGreenland.

C)TheunusualcoldspellintheArcticareainOctober.

D)TherapidchangeofArctictemperaturewithinaday.

10.A)Ithascreatedatotallynewclimatepattern.

B)Itwillposeaseriousthreattomanyspecies.

C)Ittypicallyappearsaboutonceeverytenyears.

D)Ithaspuzzledtheclimatescientistsfordecades.

11.A)ExtinctionofArcticwildlife.

B)IcelesssummersintheArctic.

C)Emigrationofindigenouspeople.

D)Betterunderstandingofecosystems.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Agoodstart.

B)Adetailedplan.

C)Astrongdetermination.

D)Ascientificapproach.

13.A)Mostpeoplegetenergizedafterasufficientrest.

B)Mostpeopletendtohaveafinitesourceofenergy.

C)Itisvitaltotakebreaksbetweendemandingmentaltasks.

D)Itismostimportanttohaveconfidenceinone'swillpower意志力、毅力.

14.A)Theycouldkeepon繼續(xù)、連續(xù)不斷workinglonger.

B)Theycoulddomorechallengingtasks.

C)Theyfounditeasiertofocusonworkathand.

D)Theyheldmorepositiveattitudestowardlife.

15.A)Theyarepartoftheirnature.

B)Theyaresubjectto受制于、服從change.

C)Theyarerelatedtoculture.

D)Theyarebeyondcontrol.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Abouthalfofcurrentjobsmightbeautomated.

B)Thejobsofdoctorsandlawyerswouldbethreatened.

C)Thejobmarketisbecomingsomewhatunpredictable.

D)Machinelearningwouldprovedisruptiveby2013.

17.A)Theyarewidelyapplicableformassiveopenonlinecourses.

B)Theyarenowbeingusedbynumeroushighschoolteachers.

C)Theycouldreadasmanyas10,000essaysinasingleminute.

D)Theycouldgrade評級、評分high-schoolessaysjustlikehumanteachers

18.A)Itneedsinstructionsthroughouttheprocess.

B)Itdoespoorlyonfrequent,high-volumetasks.

C)Ithastorelyonhugeamountsofprevious以前的、先前的data.

D)Itisslowwhenitcomestotrackingnovelthings.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Theengineeringproblemswithsolarpower.

B)Thegenerationofsteamwiththelatesttechnology.

C)Theimportanceofexploringnewenergysources.

D)Thetheoreticalaspectsofsustainableenergy可持續(xù)能源、可再生能源.

20.A)Drivetrainswithsolarenergy太陽能.

B)Upgradethecity'strainfacilities.

C)Buildanewten-kilometrerailwayline.

D)Cutdownthecity'senergyconsumption

21.A)Buildatankforkeepingcalciumoxide.

B)Findanewmaterialforstoring儲存、存儲energy.

C)Recoversuper-heatedsteam.

D)Collectcarbondioxidegas.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Thelackofsupervisionbyboththenationalandlocalgovernments.

B)Theimpactofthecurrenteconomiccrisisathomeandabroad.

C)Thepoormanagementofdaycentresandhomehelpservices.

D)Thepoorrelationbetweennationalhealthandsocialcareservices.

23.A)Itwasmainlyprovidedbyvoluntaryservices.

B)Itmainlycaterstotheneedsoftheprivileged.

C)Itcalledforasufficientnumberofvolunteers.

D)Ithasdeterioratedoverthepastsixtyyears.

24.A)Theirlongerlifespans.

B)Fewerhomehelpersavailable.

C)Theirpreferenceforprivateservices.

D)Moreofthemsufferingseriousillnesses.

25.A)Theyareunabletopayforhealthservices.

B)Theyhavelongbeendiscriminated辨別against.

C)Theyarevulnerabletoillnessesanddiseases.

D)Theyhavecontributedagreatdealtosociety.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.JustoffthecoastofSouthernCaliforniasitsSantaCruzIsland,whereamagicalcreaturecalledtheislandfox_F_26_dwells_.Adecadeago,thisisland'secosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)wasin_B_27_chaos混亂的_Wildpigsattractedgoldeneaglesfromthemainland,andthoseflying_L_28_predators捕食者、食肉動物_crashedthefoxpopulation.SotheNatureConservancylauncheda_H_29_fierce兇猛、兇狠_waragainstthepigs,completewithhelicopters直升機andsharpshooters.Anditworked.Today,federalagenciesarepullingtheislandfoxfromtheEndangeredSpeciesList.It'sthefastest-everrecoveryofamammal哺乳動物,joiningpeers同齡人、同事liketheLouisianablackbearasglowingsuccessesinthehistoryoftheEndangered瀕臨滅絕的SpeciesAct.ButtherecoveryofSantaCruzIslandisn'tjustaboutthefox.TheNatureConservancy保護、管理has_D_30_declared_waronamultitudeof大量、一大批invasive入侵的、侵略性的specieshere,fromsheeptoplantstothe_A_31_aggressive侵略性的、好斗的、有進取心的_Argentineant阿根廷螞蟻."Ourphilosophywiththeislandhasalwaysbeen,'OK,_M_32_remove_thethreatsandlettheislandgobacktowhatitwas,"saysecologistChristinaBoser.Anditappearstobeworking.Nativeplantsarecoiningback,andthefoxonceagainboundsaboutcarefree.ButkeepingthosefoxesfromharmwilloccupyBoserandhercolleaguesforyearstocome.Yousee,humansarestillallowedonSantaCruzIsland,andtheybringdogs.SoBoserhastovaccinateherfoxesagainstvariousdiseases."We'reobligatedtokeepapulseonthepopulationforatleastfiveyearsafterthefoxesaredelisted,"saysBoser.Thatincludestagging標記、標簽thefoxesand_K_33_monitoring監(jiān)視、監(jiān)測_theirnumberstoensurenothinggoeswrong.Thisisthestoryofthelittlefoxthathascomeback,andthepeoplewhohave_E_34_dedicated奉獻_theirlivestoprotectingit.Thisisthestoryofwildlife野生動植物conservation保護、保存、保持intheageofmass_G_35_extinction滅絕、消滅_.A)aggressiveB)chaosC)configurationD)declaredE)dedicatedF)dwellsG)extinctionH)fierceI)hindersJ)mammalK)monitoringL)predatorsM)removeN)temptO)underlyingSectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.DoParentsInvadeChildren'sPrivacyWhenTheyPostPhotosOnline?A)WhenKatlynBurbidge'ssonwas6yearsold,hewasperformingsomeridiculoussonganddancetypicalofafirst-grader.Butaftershesnappedaphotoandstartedusingherphone,heaskedheraseriousquestion:"Areyougoingtopostthatonline?"Shelaughedandanswered,"Yes,IthinkIwill."Whathesaidnextstoppedher."Canyounot?"B)That'swhenitdawnedonher:Shehadbeenpostingphotosofhimonlinewithoutaskinghispermission."We'rebigadvocatesofbodilyautonomyandnotforcinghimtohugorkisspeopleunlesshewantsto,butitneveroccurredtomethatIshouldaskhispermissiontopostphotosofhimonline,"saysBurbidge,amomoftwoinWakefield,Massachusetts."NowwhenIpostaphotoofhimonline,Ishowhimthephotoandgethisokay."C)Whenher8-month-oldis3or4yearsold,sheplanstostartaskinghiminanage-appropriateway,"Doyouwantotherpeopletoseethis?"That’spreciselytheapproachthattworesearchersadvocatedbeforearoomofpediatricians（兒科醫(yī)生）lastweekattheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsmeeting,whentheydiscussedthe21stcenturychallengeof"sharenting",anewtermforparents'onlinesharingabouttheirchildren."Asadvocatesofchildren'srights,webelievethatchildrenshouldhaveavoiceaboutwhatinformationissharedaboutthemifpossible",saysStaceySteinberg,alegalskillsprofessorattheUniversityofFloridaLevinCollegeofLawinGainesville.D)Whetherit'sensuringthatyourchildisn'tbulliedoversomethingyoupost,thattheiridentityisn'tdigitally"kidnapped",orthattheirphotosdon'tenduponahalfdozenchildpornography(色情）sites,asoneAustralianmomdiscovered,parentsandpediatriciansareincreasinglyawareoftheimportanceofprotectingchildren'sdigitalpresence.SteinbergandBaharehKeith,anassistantprofessorofpediatricsattheUniversityofFloridaCollegeofMedicine,saymostchildrenwilllikelyneverexperienceproblemsrelatedtowhattheirparentsshare,butatensionstillexistsbetweenparents'rightstosharetheirexperiencesandtheirchildren'srightstoprivacy.E)"We'reinnowaytryingtosilenceparents,voices,"Steinbergsays."Atthesametime,werecognizethatchildrenmighthaveaninterestinenteringadulthoodfreetocreatetheirowndigitalfootprint."Theycitedastudypresentedearlierthisyearof249pairsofparentsandtheirchildreninwhichtwiceasmanychildrenasparentswantedrulesonwhatparentscouldshare."Theparentssaid,‘Wedon'tneedrules-we'refine,’andthechildrensaid,‘Ourparentsneedrules,’Keithsays."Thechildrenwantedautonomyaboutthisissueandwereworriedabouttheirparentssharinginformationaboutthem."F)AlthoughtheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsoffersguidelinesrecommendingthatparentsmodelappropriatesocialmediausefortheirchildren,itdoesnotexplicitlydiscussoversharingbyparents."Ithinkthisisaverylegitimateconcern,andIappreciatetheirdrawingourattentiontoit",DavidHill,afatheroffive,says.Heseesaroleforpediatricianstotalkwithparentsaboutthis，butbelievesthemessagingmustextendfarbeyondpediatricians,offices."Ilookforwardtoseeingresearchersexpandourunderstandingoftheissuesowecantranslateitintoeffectiveeducationandpolicy,"hesays.G)There'sbeenlittleresearchonthetopic,Steinbergwroteinalawarticleaboutthisissue.Whilestatescouldpasslawsrelatedtosharinginformationaboutchildrenonline,Steinbergfeelsparentsthemselvesaregenerallybestsuitedtomakethesedecisionsfortheirfamilies."Whilewedidn'twanttocreateanyunnecessarypanic,wedidfindsomeconcernsthatweretroublesome,andwethoughtthatparentsoratleastphysiciansshouldbeawareofthosepotentialrisks,"Steinbergsays.Theyincludephotosrepurposedforinappropriateorillegalmeans,identitytheft,embarrassment,bullyingbypeersordigitalkidnapping.H)Butthat'sthenegativeside,withrisksthatmustbebalancedagainstthebenefitsofsharing.Steinbergpointedoutthatparentalsharingonsocialmediahelpsbuildcommunities,connectspread-outfamilies,providesupportandraiseawarenessaroundimportantsocialissuesforwhichparentsmightbetheirchildren'sonlyvoice.I)AC.S.Mottsurveyfoundamongthe56percentofmothersand34percentoffatherswhodiscussedparentingonsocialmedia,72percentofthemsaidsharingmadethemfeellessalone,andnearlyasmanysaidsharinghelpedthemworrylessandgavethemadvicefromotherparents.Themostcommontopicstheydiscussedincludedkids'sleep,nutrition,discipline,behaviorproblemsanddaycareandpreschool.J)"There'sthispeer-to-peernatureofhealthcarethesedayswithaprofoundopportunityforparentstolearnhelpfultips,safetyandpreventionefforts,pro-vaccinemessagesandallkindsofothermessagesfromotherparentsintheirsocialcommunities",saysWendySueSwanson,apediatricianandexecutivedirectorofdigitalhealthatSeattleChildren’sHospital,wheresheblogsaboutherownparentingjourneytohelpotherparents."They'regettingnurturedbypeoplethey'vealreadyselectedthattheytrust."shesays.K)"Howdoweweightherisks,howdowethinkaboutthebenefits,andhowdowealleviatetherisks?"shesays."Thosearethequestionsweneedtoaskourselves,andeveryonecanhaveadifferentanswer."L)Someparentsfindthebestrouteforthemisnottoshareatall.BridgetO'Hanlonandherhusband,wholiveinCleveland,decidedbeforetheirdaughterwasbornthattheywouldnotpostherphotosonline.Whenafewfamilymembersdidpostpictures,O'Hanlonandherhusbandmadetheirwishesclear."It'sbeenhardnottosharepicturesofherbecausepeoplealwayswanttoknowhowbabiesandtoddlers(學走路的孩子）aredoingandtoseepictures,butwemadethedecisiontohavesocialmediawhileshedidnot,"O'Hanlonsaid.Similarly,AlisonJamisonofNewYorkdecidedwithherhusbandthattheirchildhadarighttotheirownonlineidentity.Theydiduseaninvitation-onlyphotosharingplatformsothatfriendsandfamily,includingthosefaraway,couldseethephotos,buttheystoodfirm,simplyrefusingtoputtheirchild'sphotosonothersocialmediaplatforms.M)"Formostfamilies,it'sajourney.Sometimesitgoeswrong,butmostofthetimeitdoesn't,"saysSwanson,whorecommendsstartingtoaskchildrenpermissiontopostnarrativesorphotosaroundages6to8."We'lllearnmoreandmorewhatourtoleranceis.Wecanaskourkidstohelpuslearnasasocietywhat'sokayandwhat'snot."N)Indeed,thatlearningprocessgoesbothways.BriaDunham,amotherinSomerville,Massachusetts,wassoexcitedtowatchamomentofbrotherlybondingwhileherfirst-graderandbabytookabathtogetherthatshesnappedafewphotos.Butwhensheconsideredpostingthemonline,shetooktheperspectiveofherson:Howwouldhefeelifhisclassmates,parentssawphotosofhimchest-upinthebathtub?"ItmademethinkabouthowI'mteachinghimtohaveownershipofhisownbodyandhowwhatissharedtodayenduresintothefuture,"Dunhamsays."SoIkeptthepicturestomyselfandacceptedthisasonemorestepinsupportinghisincreasingautonomy."36.Steinbergarguedparentalsharingonlinecanbebeneficial.

H

37.Accordingtoanexpert,whenchildrenreachschoolage,theycanhelptheirparentslearnwhatcanandcannotbedone.

M

38.Onemotherrefrainedfrompostingherson’sphotosonlinewhensheconsideredthematterfromherson'sperspective.

N

39.Accordingtoastudy,morechildrenthanparentsthinkthereshouldberulesonparents'sharing.

E

40.KatlynBurbidgehadneverrealizedshehadtoaskherson'sapprovaltoputhisphotosonline.

B

41.Amotherdecidednottopostherson'sphotoonlinewhenheaskedhernotto.

A

42.Awomanpediatriciantriestohelpotherparentsbysharingherownparentingexperience.

J

43.Therearepeoplewhodecidesimplynottosharetheirchildren'sphotosonline.

L

44.Parentsandphysiciansshouldrealizesharinginformationonlineaboutchildrenmayinvolverisks.

G

45.Parentswhosharetheirparentingexperiencesmayfindthemselvesintrudingintotheirchildren'sprivacy.DSectionCDirections:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Perhapsitistimeforfarmerstoputtheirfeetupnowthatrobotsareusedtoinspectcrops,digupweeds,andevenhavebecomeshepherds,too.Commercialgrowingfieldsareastronomicallyhugeandtakethousandsofman-hourstooperate.OneprimeexampleisoneofAustralia'smostisolatedcattlestations,SuplejackDownsintheNorthernTerritory,extendingacross4,000squarekilometers,takingover13hourstoreachbycarfromthenearestmajortown—AliceSprings.Theextremeisolationofthesemassivefarmsleavesthemoftenunattended,andmonitoredonlyonceortwiceayear,whichmeansifthelivestockfallsillorrequiresassistance,itcanbealongtimeforfarmerstodiscover.However,robotsarecomingtotherescue.Robotsarecurrentlyunderatwo-yeartrialinWaleswhichwilltrain'farmbots'toherd,monitorthehealthoflivestock,andmakesurethereisenoughpastureforthemtograzeon.Therobotsareequippedwithmanysensorstoidentifyconditionsoftheenvironment,cattleandfood,usingthermalandvisionsensorsthatdetectchangesinbodytemperature."You'vealsogotcolor,textureandshapesensorslookingdownatthegroundtocheckpasturequality,"saysSalahSukkariehoftheUniversityofSydney,whowillcarryouttrialsonseveralfarmsincentralNewSouthWales.Duringthetrials,therobotalgorithms(算法)andmechanicswillbefine-tunedtomakeitbettersuitedtoailinglivestockandensureitsafelynavigatesaroundpotentialhazardsincludingtrees,mud,swamps,andhills."Wewanttoimprovethequalityofanimalhealthandmakeiteasierforfarmerstomaintainlargelandscapeswhereanimalsroamfree,"saysSukkarieh.Therobotsarenotlimitedtoherdingandmonitoringlivestock.Theyhavebeencreatedtocountindividualfruit,inspectcrops,andevenpullweeds.Manyrobotsareequippedwithhigh-techsensorsandcomplexlearningalgorithmstoavoidinjuringhumansastheyworksidebyside.Therobotsalsolearnthemostefficientandsafestpassages,andallowengineersandfarmerstoanalyzeandbetteroptimizetheattributesandtasksoftherobot,aswellasprovidealivestreamgivingreal-timefeedbackonexactlywhatishappeningonthefarms.Ofcourse,someworryliesinreplacingagriculturalworkers.However,itisfannersthatarepushingfortheadvancementsduetoever-increasinglaborvacancies,makingitdifficulttomaintainlarge-scaleoperations.Therobotshaveprovidedmajorbenefitstofarmersinvariousways,fromhuntingandpullingweedstomonitoringtheconditionofeverysinglefruit.Futurefarmswilllikelyexperienceagreaterdealofautonomyasrobotstakeupmoreandmorefarmworkefficiently.46.Whatmayfarmersbeabletodowithrobotsappearingonthefarmingscene?

A)Upgradefarmproduce.

B)Enjoymoreleisurehours.

C)Modifythegenesofcrops.

D)Cutdownfarmingcosts.47.Whatwill'farmbots'beexpectedtodo?

A)Takeupmanyofthefarmers,routines.

B)Providemedicaltreatmentsforlivestock.

C)Leadthetrendinfarmingtheworldover.

D)Improvethequalityofpasturesforgrazing.48.Whatcanrobotsdowhenequippedwithhigh-techsensorsandcomplexlearningalgorithms學習算法?

A)Helpfarmerschoosethemostefficientandsafestpassages.

B)Helpfarmerssimplifytheirfarmingtasksandmanagement.

C)Allowfarmerstolearninstantlywhatisoccurring發(fā)生onthefarm.

D)Allowfarmerstogivethemreal-timeinstructionsonwhattodo.49.Whyarefarmerspressingforroboticfarming?

A)Farmingcostsarefastincreasing.

B)Roboticstechnologyismaturing.

C)Roboticfanningisthetrend.

D)Laborshortageisworsening.50.Whatdoestheauthorthinkfuturefarmswillbelike?

A)Moreandmoreautomated.

B)Moreandmoreproductive.

C)Largerandlargerinscale.

D)Betterandbetterincondition.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thepublicmustbeabletounderstandthebasicsofsciencetomakeinformeddecisions.Perhapsthemostdramaticexampleofthenegativeconsequencesofpoorcommunicationbetweenscientistsandthepublicistheissueofclimatechange,whereavarietyoffactors,nottheleastofwhichisabreakdowninthetransmissionoffundamentalclimatedatatothegeneralpublic,hascontributedtowidespreadmistrustandmisunderstandingofscientistsandtheirresearch.Theissueofclimatechangealsoillustrateshowthepublicacceptanceandunderstandingofscience(orthelackofit)caninfluencegovernmentaldecision-makingwithregardtoregulation,sciencepolicyandresearchfunding.However,theimportanceofeffectivecommunicationwithageneralaudienceisnotlimitedtohotissueslikeclimatechange.Itisalsocriticalforsociallychargedneuroscienceissuessuchasthegeneticbasisforaparticularbehavior,thetherapeuticpotentialofstemcelltherapyforneurodegenerativediseases,ortheuseofanimalmodels,areaswherethepublicunderstandingofsciencecanalsoinfluencepolicyandfundingdecisions.Furthermore,withcontinuingadvancesinindividualgenome(基因組)sequencingandtheadventofpersonalizedmedicine,morenon-scientistswillneedtobecomfortableanalyzingcomplexscientificinformationtomakedecisionsthatdirectlyaffecttheirqualityoflife.Sciencejournalismisthemainchannelforthepopularizationofscientificinformationamongthepublic.Muchhasbeenwrittenabouthowtherelationshipbetweenscientistsandthemediacanshapetheefficienttransmissionofscientificadvancestothepublic.Goodsciencejournalistsarespecialistsinmakingcomplextopicsaccessibletoageneralaudience,whileadheringtoscientificaccuracy.Unfortunately,piecesofsciencejournalismcanalsooversimplifyandgeneralizetheirsubjectmaterialtothepointthatthebasicinformationconveyedisobscuredoratworst,obviouslywrong.Theimpactofabasicdiscoveryonhumanhealthcanbeexaggeratedsothatthepublicthinksamiraculouscureisafewmonthstoyearsawaywheninrealitythesignificanceofthestudyisfarmorelimited.Eventhoughscientistsplayapartintransmittinginformationtojournalistsandultimatelythepublic,toooftentheblameforineffectivecommunicationisplacedonthesideofthejournalists.Webelieve,thatatleastpartoftheproblemliesinplacesotherthantheinteractionbetweenscientistsandmembersofthemedia,andexistsbecauseforonethingweunderestimatehowdifficultitisforscientiststocommunicateeffectivelywithadiversityofaudiences,andforanothermostscientistsdonotreceiveformaltraininginsciencecommunication.51.Whatdoestheexampleofclimatechangeservetoshow?

A)Theimportanceofclimatedataisincreasinglyrecognized.

B)Adequategovernmentfundingisvitaltoscientificresearch.

C)Governmentregulationhelpsthepublicunderstandscience.

D)Commonfolks'家庭的、人們的scientificknowledgecansway影響、動搖policymaking.52.Whatshouldnon-scientistsdotoensuretheirqualityoflife?

A)Seekpersonalizedmedicalassistancefromdoctors.

B)Acquireabasicunderstandingofmedicalscience.

C)Havetheirindividualgenomesequenced.

D)Makeinformeduseofanimalmodels.53.Whyisitimportantforscientiststobuildagoodrelationshipwiththemedia?

A)Ithelpsthemtoeffectivelypopularize普及、推廣newscientificinformation.

B)Itenablesthe