C-課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告-復(fù)數(shù)計(jì)算器

高級(jí)程序設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐（C++）課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告題目復(fù)數(shù)計(jì)算器目錄需求分析第1頁(yè)第二章概要設(shè)計(jì)第2頁(yè)第三章詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)第4頁(yè)第四章調(diào)試分析第21頁(yè)第五章測(cè)試結(jié)果第25頁(yè)第六章課程設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié)第36頁(yè)第七章參考文獻(xiàn)第37頁(yè)第八章附錄第37頁(yè)C++程序設(shè)計(jì)之復(fù)數(shù)計(jì)算器第一章需求分析第52頁(yè)第一章需求分析1.1程序設(shè)計(jì)的任務(wù)1．1.1編程目的1.本次程序設(shè)計(jì)的目的運(yùn)用面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)知識(shí)，利用C++語(yǔ)言設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)計(jì)算器，要求具備如下主要功能：（1）建立實(shí)數(shù)類、復(fù)數(shù)類（2）實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)信息的初始化（3）實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)數(shù)的加、減、乘、除、自增、自減、求平方、二次方根等操作（4）實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)數(shù)的加、減、乘、除、取模、求平方、求共軛復(fù)數(shù)、求單個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)的向量角、求兩個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)的夾角等運(yùn)算（5）實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)信息的輸出1.1.2編程要求在實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程中，需利用面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)理論的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，充分體現(xiàn)出C++語(yǔ)言關(guān)于類、繼承、封裝與多態(tài)等核心概念，每一個(gè)類應(yīng)包含數(shù)據(jù)成員和成員函數(shù)。1.1.3數(shù)據(jù)范圍數(shù)據(jù)輸入的形式為float型，輸出形式亦是float型，數(shù)據(jù)（實(shí)數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)的實(shí)部、虛部）范圍是-2^128~+2^128，也即-3.40E+38~+3.40E+38。1.2本程序能實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能1.2.1實(shí)數(shù)類（Complex）所實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能：實(shí)數(shù)的加法運(yùn)算、減法運(yùn)算、乘法運(yùn)算、除法運(yùn)算、前置自增運(yùn)算、后置自增運(yùn)算、前置自減運(yùn)算、后置自減運(yùn)算、求平方運(yùn)算、求平方根運(yùn)算；1.2.2復(fù)數(shù)類（Complex1）所實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能：復(fù)數(shù)的加法運(yùn)算、減法運(yùn)算、乘法運(yùn)算、除法運(yùn)算、模長(zhǎng)運(yùn)算、求平方運(yùn)算、共軛復(fù)數(shù)運(yùn)算、求單個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)的向量角運(yùn)算、求兩個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)的夾角運(yùn)算。1.2.3主函數(shù)所能實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能1.提供給操作者操作數(shù)據(jù)的類型（實(shí)數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)）的標(biāo)識(shí)；2.操作者選擇數(shù)據(jù)類型后，提供運(yùn)算類型操作的標(biāo)識(shí)；3.運(yùn)用指針調(diào)用兩個(gè)類的各成員函數(shù)分別完成各項(xiàng)計(jì)；C++程序設(shè)計(jì)之復(fù)數(shù)計(jì)算器第二章概要設(shè)計(jì)第二章概要設(shè)計(jì)2.1構(gòu)成部分2.1.1系統(tǒng)由三部分構(gòu)成：實(shí)數(shù)類（Complex）、復(fù)數(shù)類（Complex1）、主函數(shù)main。2.1.2.構(gòu)成部分關(guān)系復(fù)數(shù)類（Complex1）由實(shí)數(shù)類（Complex）派生而來(lái)，其中兩者成員函數(shù)中的enter（輸入數(shù)據(jù)）函數(shù)是虛函數(shù)，用以實(shí)現(xiàn)多態(tài)性。主函數(shù)main通過(guò)指針調(diào)用實(shí)數(shù)類（Complex）、復(fù)數(shù)類（Complex1）分別完成實(shí)數(shù)運(yùn)算、復(fù)數(shù)運(yùn)算。2.1.3.類層次實(shí)數(shù)類是父類，復(fù)數(shù)類是子類。2.2主程序流程以及程序模塊之間的調(diào)用關(guān)系如圖2.2—1所示： 輸入flag判斷flag判斷wflag=1flag=2實(shí)數(shù)運(yùn)算復(fù)數(shù)運(yùn)算判斷v輸入flag判斷flag判斷wflag=1flag=2實(shí)數(shù)運(yùn)算復(fù)數(shù)運(yùn)算判斷vw=3w=4w=5w=6……w=12v=3v=4v=5v=6……v=11乘法運(yùn)算減法運(yùn)算加法運(yùn)算求復(fù)數(shù)間夾角除法運(yùn)算乘法運(yùn)算減法運(yùn)算加法運(yùn)算求平方運(yùn)算除法運(yùn)算乘法運(yùn)算減法運(yùn)算加法運(yùn)算求復(fù)數(shù)間夾角除法運(yùn)算乘法運(yùn)算減法運(yùn)算加法運(yùn)算求平方運(yùn)算除法運(yùn)算圖2.2--1主程序流程以及程序模塊之間的調(diào)用關(guān)系圖注：圖2.2--1中沒(méi)有畫出flag=0時(shí)退出系統(tǒng)；flag不等于0,1,2時(shí)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤提示語(yǔ)句的選擇結(jié)構(gòu)；w,v在選擇范圍之外時(shí)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤提示語(yǔ)句的選擇結(jié)構(gòu)。特殊處理：除法運(yùn)算分母為0；求二次方根數(shù)為負(fù)數(shù)；求單個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)夾角時(shí)判斷象限的過(guò)程。C++程序設(shè)計(jì)之復(fù)數(shù)計(jì)算器第三章詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)第三章詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)3.1類層次中各個(gè)類的描述3.1.1.實(shí)數(shù)類（Complex）私有部分僅數(shù)據(jù)：float型數(shù)據(jù)real；公共部分包括12個(gè)成員函數(shù)，分別是：類的構(gòu)造函數(shù)：Complex()實(shí)數(shù)加法運(yùn)算函數(shù):Complexoperator+(Complex&c1)實(shí)數(shù)減法運(yùn)算函數(shù)：Complexoperator-(Complex&c1)實(shí)數(shù)乘法運(yùn)算函數(shù)：Complexoperator*(Complex&c1)實(shí)數(shù)除法運(yùn)算函數(shù)：Complexoperator/(Complex&c1)實(shí)數(shù)前置自增函數(shù)：Complexoperator++()實(shí)數(shù)后置自增函數(shù)：Complexoperator++(int)實(shí)數(shù)前置自減函數(shù)：Complexoperator--()實(shí)數(shù)后置自減函數(shù)：Complexoperator--(int)實(shí)數(shù)求平方根函數(shù)：floatRootOfTwo()實(shí)數(shù)求平方函數(shù)：floatSquare()實(shí)數(shù)輸入數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù)：virtualvoidenter()3.1.2.復(fù)數(shù)類（Complex1）私有部分僅數(shù)據(jù)成員float型數(shù)據(jù)real和float型數(shù)據(jù)imag,二者分別代表復(fù)數(shù)的實(shí)部和虛部；公共部分包含11個(gè)成員函數(shù)，分別是：類的構(gòu)造函數(shù)：Complex1（）復(fù)數(shù)加法運(yùn)算函數(shù)：Complex1operator+(Complex1&c1)復(fù)數(shù)減法運(yùn)算函數(shù)：Complex1operator-(Complex1&c1)復(fù)數(shù)乘法運(yùn)算函數(shù)：Complex1operator*(Complex1&c1)復(fù)數(shù)除法運(yùn)算函數(shù)：Complex1operator/(Complex1&c1)復(fù)數(shù)求模長(zhǎng)函數(shù)：floatLength()復(fù)數(shù)求平方函數(shù)：Complex1Square1()求共軛復(fù)數(shù)函數(shù)：Complex1Conjugate()復(fù)數(shù)求角度函數(shù)：floatAngle1()復(fù)數(shù)間求角度函數(shù)：floatAngle2(Complex1&c1)復(fù)數(shù)輸入數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù)：voidenter()3.2類中各成員函數(shù)的定義3.2.1實(shí)數(shù)類（Complex）1類的構(gòu)造函數(shù)函數(shù)體部分：Complex（）{}；2實(shí)數(shù)加法運(yùn)算函數(shù)函數(shù)體部分Complexoperator+(Complex&c1){ Complexc; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=real+c1.real; cout<<real<<"+"<<c1.real<<"="<<c.real<<endl; returnc; }3實(shí)數(shù)減法運(yùn)算函數(shù)函數(shù)體部分Complexoperator-(Complex&c1){ Complexc; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=real-c1.real; cout<<real<<"-"<<c1.real<<"="<<c.real<<endl; returnc; }4實(shí)數(shù)乘法運(yùn)算函數(shù)函數(shù)體部分Complexoperator*(Complex&c1){ Complexc; c.real=real*c1.real; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; cout<<real<<"*"<<c1.real<<"="<<c.real<<endl; returnc; }5實(shí)數(shù)除法運(yùn)算函數(shù)函數(shù)體部分Complexoperator/(Complex&c1){ Complexc; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=real/c1.real; cout<<real<<"/"<<c1.real<<"="<<c.real<<endl; returnc; }6實(shí)數(shù)前置自增函數(shù)函數(shù)體部分Complexoperator++()

{ cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; cout<<"++"<<real; ++real; cout<<"="<<real<<endl; return*this; }7實(shí)數(shù)后置自增函數(shù)函數(shù)體部分Complexoperator++(int){ Complextemp(*this); cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; cout<<real<<"++"; real++; cout<<"="<<real-1<<endl; cout<<real<<endl; returntemp; }8實(shí)數(shù)前置自減函數(shù)函數(shù)體部分Complexoperator--(){ cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; cout<<"--"<<real; --real; cout<<"="<<real<<endl; return*this; }9實(shí)數(shù)后置自減函數(shù)函數(shù)體部分Complexoperator--(int){ Complextemp(*this); cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; cout<<real<<"--"; real--; cout<<"="<<real+1<<endl; cout<<real<<endl; returntemp; }10實(shí)數(shù)求平方根函數(shù)函數(shù)體部分floatRootOfTwo(){ Complexc; if(real<0) { cout<<"thenumberiswrong!!!"<<endl; } else { cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=sqrt(real); cout<<"sqrt"<<real<<"="<<c.real<<endl; } returnc.real; }11實(shí)數(shù)求平方函數(shù)函數(shù)體部分floatSquare(){ Complexc; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=real*real; cout<<"square"<<real<<"="<<c.real<<endl; returnc.real; }12實(shí)數(shù)輸入數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù)（虛函數(shù)）函數(shù)體部分virtualvoidenter(){ cin>>real; }3.2.2復(fù)數(shù)類（Complex1）1.類的構(gòu)造函數(shù)函數(shù)體部分Complex1(){};2.復(fù)數(shù)加法運(yùn)算函數(shù)函數(shù)體部分Complex1operator+(Complex1&c1){ Complex1c; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=real+c1.real; c.imag=imag+c1.imag; cout<<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"+" <<"("<<c1.real<<"+"<<c1.imag<<"j"<<")"<<"=" <<"("<<c.real<<"+"<<c.imag<<"j"<<")"<<endl; returnc; }3復(fù)數(shù)減法運(yùn)算函數(shù)函數(shù)體部分Complex1operator-(Complex1&c1){ Complex1c; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=real-c1.real; c.imag=imag-c1.imag; cout<<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"-" <<"("<<c1.real<<"+"<<c1.imag<<"j"<<")"<<"=" <<"("<<c.real<<"+"<<c.imag<<"j"<<")"<<endl; returnc; }4復(fù)數(shù)乘法運(yùn)算函數(shù)函數(shù)體部分Complex1operator*(Complex1&c1){ Complex1c; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=real*c1.real-imag*c1.imag; c.imag=real*c1.imag+imag*c1.real; cout<<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"*" <<"("<<c1.real<<"+"<<c1.imag<<"j"<<")"<<"=" <<"("<<c.real<<"+"<<c.imag<<"j"<<")"<<endl; returnc; }5.復(fù)數(shù)除法運(yùn)算函數(shù)函數(shù)體部分Complex1operator/(Complex1&c1){ Complex1c; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=(real*c1.real+imag*c1.imag)/(c1.real*c1.real+c1.imag*c1.imag); c.imag=(imag*c1.real-real*c1.imag)/(c1.real*c1.real+c1.imag*c1.imag); cout<<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"/" <<"("<<c1.real<<"+"<<c1.imag<<"j"<<")"<<"=" <<"("<<c.real<<"+"<<c.imag<<"j"<<")"<<endl; returnc; }6.復(fù)數(shù)求模長(zhǎng)函數(shù)函數(shù)體部分floatLength(){ floatx; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; x=sqrt(real*real+imag*imag); cout<<"|"<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<"|"<<"="<<x<<endl; returnx; }7.復(fù)數(shù)求平方函數(shù)函數(shù)體部分Complex1Square1(){ Complex1c; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=real*real-imag*imag; c.imag=real*imag+imag*real; cout<<"thesquareof"<<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")" <<"is"<<"("<<c.real<<"+"<<c.imag<<"j"<<")"<<endl; returnc; }8.求共軛復(fù)數(shù)函數(shù)函數(shù)體部分Complex1Conjugate(){ Complex1c; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=real; c.imag=imag*(-1); if(c.imag>=0) { cout<<"conjugatecomplexnumberof" <<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"is" <<"("<<c.real<<"+"<<c.imag<<"j"<<")"<<endl; } if(c.imag<0) { cout<<"conjugatecomplexnumberof" <<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"is" <<"("<<c.real<<c.imag<<"j"<<")"<<endl; } returnc; }8.復(fù)數(shù)求角度函數(shù)函數(shù)體部分floatAngle1(){ floaty; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; y=atan((imag)/(real))/i*180; if(real==0&&imag!=0) { cout<<"theangleof" <<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"is" <<90<<endl; } if(real>0) { cout<<"theangleof" <<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"is" <<y<<endl; } if(real<0&&imag>0) { cout<<"theangleof" <<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"is" <<y+180<<endl; } if(real<0&&imag<0) { cout<<"theangleof" <<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"is" <<y-180<<endl; } returny; }9.復(fù)數(shù)間求角度函數(shù)函數(shù)體部分floatAngle2(Complex1&c1){ floatz,r,s,t; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; r=(real*c1.real+imag*c1.imag); s=sqrt(real*real+imag*imag); t=sqrt(c1.real*c1.real+c1.imag*c1.imag); z=acos(r/(s*t))/i*180; cout<<"theanglebetween"<<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"and" <<"("<<c1.real<<"+"<<c1.imag<<"j"<<")"<<"is" <<z<<endl; returnz; }10.復(fù)數(shù)輸入數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù)（虛函數(shù)）函數(shù)體部分voidenter(){ cin>>real; cin>>imag; cout<<endl; }3.3主程序和重要模塊的算法3.3.1主程序和重要模塊具體代碼如下：intmain()//主函數(shù){ intflag,w,v; Complexgrad1,grad2; Complex*pt1,*pt2; Complex1*pm1,*pm2; Complex1revd1,revd2; cout<<"姓名：曾立弘"<<endl; cout<<"專業(yè)：電氣信息工程"<<endl; cout<<"班級(jí)：1401班"<<endl; cout<<"學(xué)號(hào)：0903140114"<<endl; while(flag!=0)//while循環(huán)，flag=0時(shí)終止循環(huán) { pt1=&grad1; pt2=&grad2; cout<<"Pleasechoosethetypeofthenumbers:"<<endl; cout<<"'0'exitsystem"<<endl; cout<<"'1'realnumber"<<endl; cout<<"'2'pluralnumber"<<endl; cin>>flag;if(flag==1)//條件語(yǔ)句：如果flag=1，則進(jìn)行實(shí)數(shù)運(yùn)算 { cout<<"pleasechoosetheoperationofthenumbers:"<<endl; cout<<"'3''+'"<<endl; cout<<"'4''-'"<<endl; cout<<"'5''*'"<<endl; cout<<"'6''/'"<<endl; cout<<"'7''++'"<<endl; cout<<"'8''--'"<<endl; cout<<"'9''++(int)'"<<endl; cout<<"'10''--(int)'"<<endl; cout<<"'11''rootoftwo'"<<endl; cout<<"'12''square'"<<endl; cin>>w; if(w==3) { cout<<"pleaseenterfirstnumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; cout<<"pleaseentersecondnumber:"; pt2->enter(); cout<<endl; pt1->operator+(grad2); } if(w==4) { cout<<"pleaseenterfirstnumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; cout<<"pleaseentersecondnumber:"; pt2->enter(); cout<<endl; pt1->operator-(grad2); } if(w==5) { cout<<"pleaseenterfirstnumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; cout<<"pleaseentersecondnumber:"; pt2->enter(); cout<<endl; pt1->operator*(grad2); } if(w==6) { cout<<"pleaseenterfirstnumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; cout<<"pleaseentersecondnumber:"; pt2->enter(); cout<<endl; pt1->operator/(grad2); } if(w==7) { cout<<"pleaseenterthenumber:"; pt1->enter(); pt1->operator++(); } if(w==8) { cout<<"pleaseenterthenumber:"; pt1->enter(); pt1->operator--(); } if(w==9) { cout<<"pleaseenterthenumber:"; pt1->enter(); grad1++; } if(w==10) { cout<<"pleaseenterthenumber:"; pt1->enter(); grad1--; } if(w==11) { cout<<"pleaseenterthenumber:"; pt1->enter(); pt1->RootOfTwo(); } if(w==12) { cout<<"pleaseenterthenumber:"; pt1->enter(); pt1->Square(); } if(w!=3&&w!=4&&w!=5&&w!=6&&w!=7&&w!=8&&w!=9&&w!=10&&w!=11&&w!=12) { cout<<"pleasechoosecorrectoption!"<<endl; }//出錯(cuò)提示 } pt1=&revd1; pt2=&revd2; pm1=&revd1; pm2=&revd2; if(flag==2)//條件語(yǔ)句：如果flag=1，則進(jìn)行實(shí)數(shù)運(yùn)算 { cout<<"pleasechoosetheoperationofthenumbers:"<<endl; cout<<"'3''+'"<<endl; cout<<"'4''-'"<<endl; cout<<"'5''*'"<<endl; cout<<"'6''/'"<<endl; cout<<"'7''Length'"<<endl; cout<<"'8''Square1'"<<endl; cout<<"'9''Conjugate'"<<endl; cout<<"'10''Angle1'"<<endl; cout<<"'11''Angle2'"<<endl; cin>>v; if(v==3) { cout<<"pleaseenterfirstnumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; cout<<"pleaseentersecondnumber:"; pt2->enter(); cout<<endl; pm1->operator+(revd2); } if(v==4) { cout<<"pleaseenterfirstnumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; cout<<"pleaseentersecondnumber:"; pt2->enter(); cout<<endl; pm1->operator-(revd2); } if(v==5) { cout<<"pleaseenterfirstnumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; cout<<"pleaseentersecondnumber:"; pt2->enter(); cout<<endl; pm1->operator*(revd2); } if(v==6) { cout<<"pleaseenterfirstnumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; cout<<"pleaseentersecondnumber:"; pt2->enter(); cout<<endl; pm1->operator/(revd2); } if(v==7) { cout<<"pleaseenterthenumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; pm1->Conjugate(); } if(v==8) { cout<<"pleaseenterthenumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; pm1->Square1(); } if(v==9) { cout<<"pleaseenterthenumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; pm1->Conjugate(); } if(v==10) { cout<<"pleaseenterthenumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; pm1->Angle1(); } if(v==11) { cout<<"pleaseenterfirstnumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; cout<<"pleaseentersecondnumber:"; pt2->enter(); cout<<endl; pm1->Angle2(revd2); } if(v!=3&&v!=4&&v!=5&&v!=6&&v!=7&&v!=8&&v!=9&&v!=10&&v!=11) { cout<<"pleasechoosecorrectoption!"<<endl; }//出錯(cuò)提示 } if(flag!=1&&flag!=2&&flag!=0) { cout<<"pleasechoosecorrectoption!"<<endl; }//出錯(cuò)提示 if(flag!=0) { cout<<"\n"; cout<<"Pleasecarryoutthenextoperation:"<<endl;//繼續(xù)運(yùn)算提示 cout<<"\n"; } } cout<<"Welcomenexttime!"<<endl; return0;}3.4函數(shù)調(diào)用關(guān)系圖3.4.1函數(shù)調(diào)用關(guān)系圖如圖3.4—1所示flag!=0其他其他輸入w，w=?exiterror輸入v,v=?3456789101112輸出“pleasechoosecorrectoption!”“輸入flagfloatLength()Complex1Conjugate()floatAngle1()Complexoperator++()Complex1operator+(Complex1&c1)Complex1operator-(Complex1&c1)Complex1operator*(Complex1&c1)Complex1operator/(Complex1&c1)floatAngle2(Complex1&c1)floatSquare()floatRootOfTwo()Complexoperator--(int)Complexoperator/(Complex&c1)Complexoperator*(Complex&c1)Complexoperator-(Complex&c1)Complexoperator+(Complex&c1)其他11109876543flag=2復(fù)數(shù)運(yùn)算floatLength()Complex1Conjugate()floatAngle1()Complexoperator++()Complex1operator+(Complex1&c1)Complex1operator-(Complex1&c1)Complex1operator*(Complex1&c1)Complex1operator/(Complex1&c1)floatAngle2(Complex1&c1)floatSquare()floatRootOfTwo()Complexoperator--(int)Complexoperator/(Complex&c1)Complexoperator*(Complex&c1)Complexoperator-(Complex&c1)Complexoperator+(Complex&c1)其他11109876543flag=2復(fù)數(shù)運(yùn)算flag=1實(shí)數(shù)運(yùn)算flag=1實(shí)數(shù)運(yùn)算Complexoperator++(int)Complexoperator++(int)3456789101112其他Complexoperator--()Complex1Conjugate()C++程序設(shè)計(jì)之復(fù)數(shù)計(jì)算器第四章調(diào)試分析第四章調(diào)試分析4.1調(diào)試過(guò)程遇到的問(wèn)題及解決方法的得出過(guò)程4.1.1問(wèn)題及分析過(guò)程1.對(duì)輸出結(jié)果的界面沒(méi)有太注意，導(dǎo)致輸出結(jié)果不是很美觀；2.對(duì)字母的拼寫錯(cuò)誤，導(dǎo)致前面定義的變量到后面編譯器不認(rèn)識(shí)；對(duì)固有寫法的拼寫錯(cuò)誤，如將運(yùn)算符重載函數(shù)寫為operetor,導(dǎo)致運(yùn)算符重載不成功。3.對(duì)一些模塊的編寫代碼缺乏系統(tǒng)分析，主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：（1）實(shí)數(shù)除法重載函數(shù)中沒(méi)有考慮分母為0的情況，增加了if條件語(yǔ)句討論；（2）實(shí)數(shù)求二次方根函數(shù)中沒(méi)有考慮被開(kāi)方數(shù)為負(fù)數(shù)的情況增加了if條件語(yǔ)句討論；（3）求單個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)的向量角時(shí)沒(méi)有將弧度制轉(zhuǎn)化為角度制，定義了全局常變量i=3.1415927，通過(guò)弧度值除以i再乘以180將其轉(zhuǎn)化為角度值；求單個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)的向量角時(shí)沒(méi)有考慮象限的討論，最后加了if選擇結(jié)構(gòu)討論;求單個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)的向量角時(shí)沒(méi)有分母（即實(shí)部real）為0的情況，增加了if條件語(yǔ)句討論；具體討論程序如下（實(shí)部為real,虛部為imag）:floatAngle1()//求單個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)的夾角度數(shù) { floaty; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; y=atan((imag)/(real))/i*180; if(real==0&&imag!=0) { cout<<"theangleof" <<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"is" <<90<<endl; } if(real>0) { cout<<"theangleof" <<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"is" <<y<<endl; } if(real<0&&imag>0) { cout<<"theangleof" <<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"is" <<y+180<<endl; } if(real<0&&imag<0) { cout<<"theangleof" <<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"is" <<y-180<<endl; } returny; }（4）在調(diào)用虛函數(shù)時(shí)，修改之前是基類指針指向子類指針的這一步驟寫在基類、子類的定義部分，導(dǎo)致下面先調(diào)用基類虛函數(shù)，后調(diào)用子類虛函數(shù)時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)調(diào)用的時(shí)同一部分，即基類的數(shù)據(jù)。修改后時(shí)將基類指針指向子類指針的這一步驟寫在調(diào)用基類虛函數(shù)和調(diào)用子類虛函數(shù)之間，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了虛函數(shù)和多態(tài)性。（5）為使程序可以連續(xù)運(yùn)算而不是每算一次就得重新運(yùn)行使用了while循環(huán)，初始時(shí)將對(duì)象的地址賦給指針這一步驟寫在while循環(huán)之外，發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)過(guò)多次循環(huán)后指針?biāo)傅膶?duì)象已經(jīng)不是原來(lái)的了，為使指針總是指向要求的對(duì)象，就必須在每一次循環(huán)開(kāi)始時(shí)將其重新定位，即指向?qū)ο蟮拈_(kāi)頭。綜上述原因，最后將將對(duì)象的地址賦給指針這一步驟寫在while循環(huán)之內(nèi)，從而問(wèn)題得以解決。4.2算法的時(shí)間復(fù)雜性和可能的改進(jìn)設(shè)想4.2.1算法的時(shí)間復(fù)雜性1．在主函數(shù)中的選擇分支結(jié)構(gòu)(本程序中未用switch結(jié)構(gòu)，而是if結(jié)構(gòu))初始時(shí)為下面格式if(){ }else{if() { } else { if() { } else { if() { } else { } } } }以此來(lái)選擇輸入的指令并輸出可能的錯(cuò)誤形式，但考慮到上面結(jié)構(gòu)可能會(huì)對(duì)運(yùn)行速率造成影響，故改為以下形式：C++程序設(shè)計(jì)之復(fù)數(shù)計(jì)算器第五章測(cè)試結(jié)果if(){ }if(){ }if(){ }if(!=&&!=!=&&!=!=&&!=!=&&!=!=&&!=){ }來(lái)選擇結(jié)構(gòu)并輸出可能的錯(cuò)誤形式。2.指針和虛函數(shù)的運(yùn)用。4.2.2可能的改進(jìn)思想1.本程序在程序要求中明確說(shuō)明要建立兩個(gè)類，實(shí)數(shù)類和復(fù)數(shù)類。但個(gè)人認(rèn)為可以直接建立一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)類，并將兩者所要求的函數(shù)全部歸在這一個(gè)類中，因?yàn)閷?shí)數(shù)可以用虛部為0的復(fù)數(shù)代替，唯一要加的就是為實(shí)數(shù)運(yùn)算服務(wù)的函數(shù)使其運(yùn)用默認(rèn)參數(shù)的知識(shí)，令虛部的默認(rèn)參數(shù)為了0即可。2.本程序在程序要求中明確說(shuō)明要建立兩個(gè)類，實(shí)數(shù)類和復(fù)數(shù)類。但個(gè)人認(rèn)為可以僅僅建立一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)類，不需要實(shí)數(shù)類，因?yàn)閷?shí)數(shù)的運(yùn)算可以直接定義函數(shù)來(lái)進(jìn)行，而不是建立實(shí)數(shù)類再用類的成員函數(shù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)其母的。第五章測(cè)試結(jié)果5.1錯(cuò)誤處理5.1.1初始界面5.1.2錯(cuò)誤處理一5.1.3錯(cuò)誤處理二5.1.4錯(cuò)誤處理三5.1.5退出系統(tǒng)5.2測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)（實(shí)數(shù)以3、7測(cè)試，若單個(gè)變量則取3；復(fù)數(shù)以-3-7j和5+5j測(cè)試，若單個(gè)變量取-3-7j）5.2.1實(shí)數(shù)部分1.加法運(yùn)算2.減法運(yùn)算3.乘法運(yùn)算4.除法運(yùn)算5前置自增運(yùn)算6.前置自減運(yùn)算7后置自增運(yùn)算8后置自減運(yùn)算9求平方根運(yùn)算10.求平方運(yùn)算5.2.2復(fù)數(shù)部分1.加法運(yùn)算2.減法運(yùn)算3.乘法運(yùn)算4.除法運(yùn)算5.求模長(zhǎng)運(yùn)算6.求平方運(yùn)算7.求共軛復(fù)數(shù)運(yùn)算8.求單個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)向量角運(yùn)算9.求復(fù)數(shù)間夾角運(yùn)算C++程序設(shè)計(jì)之復(fù)數(shù)計(jì)算器第六章課程設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié)第六章課程設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié)6.1三周程序編寫及調(diào)試，在做“C++課程設(shè)計(jì)之復(fù)數(shù)計(jì)算器”這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中，發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題有以下幾點(diǎn)：1.基本符號(hào)問(wèn)題其一、本程序是在MicrosoftVisualC++6.0上面完成的，這可以說(shuō)是一款比較智能的編譯系統(tǒng)了，但即使如此，仍有括弧忘寫、誤刪、只有一個(gè)括弧的問(wèn)題，若在其他編譯系統(tǒng)中書寫，可能錯(cuò)誤會(huì)更多；其二、書寫混亂，在較長(zhǎng)的代碼段不是很整齊，對(duì)后面的書寫帶來(lái)極大的不便。2.知識(shí)掌握深度問(wèn)題其一、對(duì)指針雖初步掌握，但不熟，有一些原則性的失誤，如：在循環(huán)中，指針從開(kāi)頭移到結(jié)尾后，第二次循環(huán)開(kāi)始時(shí)需將其重新固定到開(kāi)頭，否則會(huì)隨機(jī)賦值進(jìn)行運(yùn)算；其二、對(duì)虛函數(shù)和多態(tài)性掌握不徹底，對(duì)將子類的地址賦給基類指針這一步驟的代碼的位置在此前不是很清楚；其三、未弄清if語(yǔ)句和switch語(yǔ)句的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)；其四、對(duì)if語(yǔ)句的各式結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)未對(duì)比分析過(guò)；其五、對(duì)運(yùn)算符重載函數(shù)作為類的成員函數(shù)和類的友元函數(shù)未細(xì)細(xì)比較。3.學(xué)習(xí)編程語(yǔ)言的習(xí)慣問(wèn)題其一、注重書本而不注重上機(jī)，導(dǎo)致實(shí)踐能力與知識(shí)掌握不是齊頭并進(jìn)。6.2對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)這門課的思考1.即使是一個(gè)小小的算法，或者實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)并不是太復(fù)雜的功能，但對(duì)編程能力的要求非常嚴(yán)格。從一個(gè)初學(xué)者的態(tài)度來(lái)講，要嚴(yán)格、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、務(wù)實(shí)、創(chuàng)新，否則，即使能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)所有要求，但編譯時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)，影響用戶的使用。2.數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)這門知識(shí)可以說(shuō)是由無(wú)數(shù)個(gè)小的板塊構(gòu)成的，在知識(shí)儲(chǔ)存量相同的情況下，判斷程序員優(yōu)秀與否的差別在與這些模塊的組合方式，組合方式很多，實(shí)現(xiàn)同一步驟的方式也很多。所以，學(xué)好這門課的關(guān)鍵是不僅是要會(huì)，更重要的是熟練。C++程序設(shè)計(jì)之復(fù)數(shù)計(jì)算器第七章參考文獻(xiàn)第八章附錄第七章參考文獻(xiàn)【1】《C++程序設(shè)計(jì)》（第2版）譚浩強(qiáng)編著清華大學(xué)出版社第八章附錄8.1帶注釋的源程序#include<iostream>#include<cmath>usingnamespacestd;constfloati=3.1415927;classComplex//實(shí)數(shù)類{ public: Complex(){};//構(gòu)造函數(shù) Complexoperator+(Complex&c1)//加法重載函數(shù) { Complexc; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=real+c1.real; cout<<real<<"+"<<c1.real<<"="<<c.real<<endl; returnc; } Complexoperator-(Complex&c1)//減法重載函數(shù) { Complexc; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=real-c1.real; cout<<real<<"-"<<c1.real<<"="<<c.real<<endl; returnc; } Complexoperator*(Complex&c1)//乘法重載函數(shù) { Complexc; c.real=real*c1.real; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; cout<<real<<"*"<<c1.real<<"="<<c.real<<endl; returnc; } Complexoperator/(Complex&c1)//除法重載函數(shù) { Complexc; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=real/c1.real; cout<<real<<"/"<<c1.real<<"="<<c.real<<endl; returnc; } Complexoperator++()//前置自增重載函數(shù) { cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; cout<<"++"<<real; ++real; cout<<"="<<real<<endl; return*this; } Complexoperator++(int)//后置自增重載函數(shù) { Complextemp(*this); cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; cout<<real<<"++"; real++; cout<<"="<<real-1<<endl; cout<<"afterthat:"<<real<<endl; returntemp; }C++程序設(shè)計(jì)之復(fù)數(shù)計(jì)算器第八章附錄 Complexoperator--()//前置自減重載函數(shù) { cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; cout<<"--"<<real; --real; cout<<"="<<real<<endl; return*this; } Complexoperator--(int)//后置自減重載函數(shù) { Complextemp(*this); cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; cout<<real<<"--"; real--; cout<<"="<<real+1<<endl; cout<<"afterthat:"<<real<<endl; returntemp; } floatRootOfTwo()//求平方根函數(shù) { Complexc; if(real<0) { cout<<"thenumberiswrong!!!"<<endl; } else { cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=sqrt(real); cout<<"sqrt"<<real<<"="<<c.real<<endl; } returnc.real; } floatSquare()//求平方函數(shù) { Complexc; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=real*real; cout<<"square"<<real<<"="<<c.real<<endl; returnc.real; } virtualvoidenter()//輸入數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù)（虛函數(shù)） { cin>>real; } private: floatreal;//私有數(shù)據(jù)};classComplex1:publicComplex//類的共有繼承生成復(fù)數(shù)類{public: Complex1(){};//構(gòu)造函數(shù) Complex1operator+(Complex1&c1)//加法重載函數(shù) { Complex1c; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=real+c1.real; c.imag=imag+c1.imag; cout<<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"+" <<"("<<c1.real<<"+"<<c1.imag<<"j"<<")"<<"=" <<"("<<c.real<<"+"<<c.imag<<"j"<<")"<<endl; returnc; } Complex1operator-(Complex1&c1)//減法重載函數(shù) { Complex1c; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=real-c1.real; c.imag=imag-c1.imag; cout<<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"-" <<"("<<c1.real<<"+"<<c1.imag<<"j"<<")"<<"=" <<"("<<c.real<<"+"<<c.imag<<"j"<<")"<<endl; returnc; } Complex1operator*(Complex1&c1)//乘法重載函數(shù) { Complex1c; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=real*c1.real-imag*c1.imag; c.imag=real*c1.imag+imag*c1.real; cout<<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"*" <<"("<<c1.real<<"+"<<c1.imag<<"j"<<")"<<"=" <<"("<<c.real<<"+"<<c.imag<<"j"<<")"<<endl; returnc; } Complex1operator/(Complex1&c1)//除法重載函數(shù) { Complex1c; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=(real*c1.real+imag*c1.imag)/(c1.real*c1.real+c1.imag*c1.imag); c.imag=(imag*c1.real-real*c1.imag)/(c1.real*c1.real+c1.imag*c1.imag); cout<<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"/" <<"("<<c1.real<<"+"<<c1.imag<<"j"<<")"<<"=" <<"("<<c.real<<"+"<<c.imag<<"j"<<")"<<endl; returnc; } floatLength()//求模長(zhǎng)函數(shù) { floatx; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; x=sqrt(real*real+imag*imag); cout<<"|"<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<"|"<<"="<<x<<endl; returnx; } Complex1Square1()//求平方函數(shù) { Complex1c; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=real*real-imag*imag; c.imag=real*imag+imag*real; cout<<"thesquareof"<<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")" <<"is"<<"("<<c.real<<"+"<<c.imag<<"j"<<")"<<endl; returnc; } Complex1Conjugate()//求共軛復(fù)數(shù) { Complex1c; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; c.real=real; c.imag=imag*(-1); if(c.imag>=0) { cout<<"conjugatecomplexnumberof" <<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"is" <<"("<<c.real<<"+"<<c.imag<<"j"<<")"<<endl; } if(c.imag<0) { cout<<"conjugatecomplexnumberof" <<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"is" <<"("<<c.real<<c.imag<<"j"<<")"<<endl; } returnc; } floatAngle1()//求單個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)的夾角度數(shù) { floaty; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; y=atan((imag)/(real))/i*180; if(real==0&&imag!=0) { cout<<"theangleof" <<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"is" <<90<<endl; } if(real>0) { cout<<"theangleof" <<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"is" <<y<<endl; } if(real<0&&imag>0) { cout<<"theangleof" <<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"is" <<y+180<<endl; } if(real<0&&imag<0) { cout<<"theangleof" <<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"is" <<y-180<<endl; } returny; } floatAngle2(Complex1&c1)//求復(fù)數(shù)間的夾角度數(shù)函數(shù) { floatz,r,s,t; cout<<"theresultis:"<<endl; r=(real*c1.real+imag*c1.imag); s=sqrt(real*real+imag*imag); t=sqrt(c1.real*c1.real+c1.imag*c1.imag); z=acos(r/(s*t))/i*180; cout<<"theanglebetween"<<"("<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"j"<<")"<<"and" <<"("<<c1.real<<"+"<<c1.imag<<"j"<<")"<<"is" <<z<<endl; returnz; } voidenter()//輸入數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù) { cin>>real; cin>>imag; cout<<endl; }private: floatreal;//私有變量 floatimag;//私有變量};intmain()//主函數(shù){ intflag,w,v; Complexgrad1,grad2; Complex*pt1,*pt2; Complex1*pm1,*pm2; Complex1revd1,revd2; cout<<"姓名：曾立弘"<<endl; cout<<"專業(yè)：電子信息工程"<<endl; cout<<"班級(jí)：1401班"<<endl; cout<<"學(xué)號(hào)：0903140114"<<endl; while(flag!=0)//while循環(huán)，flag=0時(shí)終止循環(huán) { pt1=&grad1; pt2=&grad2; cout<<"Pleasechoosethetypeofthenumbers:"<<endl; cout<<"'0'exitsystem"<<endl; cout<<"'1'realnumber"<<endl; cout<<"'2'pluralnumber"<<endl; cin>>flag;if(flag==1)//條件語(yǔ)句：如果flag=1，則進(jìn)行實(shí)數(shù)運(yùn)算 { cout<<"pleasechoosetheoperationofthenumbers:"<<endl; cout<<"'3''+'"<<endl; cout<<"'4''-'"<<endl; cout<<"'5''*'"<<endl; cout<<"'6''/'"<<endl; cout<<"'7''++'"<<endl; cout<<"'8''--'"<<endl; cout<<"'9''++(int)'"<<endl; cout<<"'10''--(int)'"<<endl; cout<<"'11''rootoftwo'"<<endl; cout<<"'12''square'"<<endl; cin>>w; if(w==3) { cout<<"pleaseenterfirstnumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; cout<<"pleaseentersecondnumber:"; pt2->enter(); cout<<endl; pt1->operator+(grad2); } if(w==4) { cout<<"pleaseenterfirstnumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; cout<<"pleaseentersecondnumber:"; pt2->enter(); cout<<endl; pt1->operator-(grad2); } if(w==5) { cout<<"pleaseenterfirstnumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; cout<<"pleaseentersecondnumber:"; pt2->enter(); cout<<endl; pt1->operator*(grad2); } if(w==6) { cout<<"pleaseenterfirstnumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; cout<<"pleaseentersecondnumber:"; pt2->enter(); cout<<endl; pt1->operator/(grad2); } if(w==7) { cout<<"pleaseenterthenumber:"; pt1->enter(); pt1->operator++(); } if(w==8) { cout<<"pleaseenterthenumber:"; pt1->enter(); pt1->operator--(); } if(w==9) { cout<<"pleaseenterthenumber:"; pt1->enter(); grad1++; } if(w==10) { cout<<"pleaseenterthenumber:"; pt1->enter(); grad1--; } if(w==11) { cout<<"pleaseenterthenumber:"; pt1->enter(); pt1->RootOfTwo(); } if(w==12) { cout<<"pleaseenterthenumber:"; pt1->enter(); pt1->Square(); } if(w!=3&&w!=4&&w!=5&&w!=6&&w!=7&&w!=8&&w!=9&&w!=10&&w!=11&&w!=12) { cout<<"pleasechoosecorrectoption!"<<endl; }//出錯(cuò)提示 } pt1=&revd1; pt2=&revd2; pm1=&revd1; pm2=&revd2; if(flag==2)//條件語(yǔ)句：如果flag=2，則進(jìn)行復(fù)數(shù)運(yùn)算 { cout<<"pleasechoosetheoperationofthenumbers:"<<endl; cout<<"'3''+'"<<endl; cout<<"'4''-'"<<endl; cout<<"'5''*'"<<endl; cout<<"'6''/'"<<endl; cout<<"'7''Length'"<<endl; cout<<"'8''Square1'"<<endl; cout<<"'9''Conjugate'"<<endl; cout<<"'10''Angle1'"<<endl; cout<<"'11''Angle2'"<<endl; cin>>v; if(v==3) { cout<<"pleaseenterfirstnumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; cout<<"pleaseentersecondnumber:"; pt2->enter(); cout<<endl; pm1->operator+(revd2); } if(v==4) { cout<<"pleaseenterfirstnumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; cout<<"pleaseentersecondnumber:"; pt2->enter(); cout<<endl; pm1->operator-(revd2); } if(v==5) { cout<<"pleaseenterfirstnumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; cout<<"pleaseentersecondnumber:"; pt2->enter(); cout<<endl; pm1->operator*(revd2); } if(v==6) { cout<<"pleaseenterfirstnumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; cout<<"pleaseentersecondnumber:"; pt2->enter(); cout<<endl; pm1->operator/(revd2); } if(v==7) { cout<<"pleaseenterthenumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; pm1->Length(); } if(v==8) { cout<<"pleaseenterthenumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; pm1->Square1(); } if(v==9) { cout<<"pleaseenterthenumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; pm1->Conjugate(); } if(v==10) { cout<<"pleaseenterthenumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; pm1->Angle1(); } if(v==11) { cout<<"pleaseenterfirstnumber:"; pt1->enter(); cout<<endl; cout<<"pleaseentersecondnumber:"; pt2->enter(); cout<<endl; pm1->Angle2(revd2); } if(v!=3&&v!=4&&v!=5&&v!=6&&v!=7&&v!=8&&v!=9&&v!=10&&v!=11) { cout<<"pleasechoosecorrectoption!"<<endl; }//出錯(cuò)提示 } if(flag!=1&&flag!=2&&flag!=0) { cout<<"pleasechoosecorrectoption!"<<endl; }//出錯(cuò)提示 if(flag!=0) { cout<<"\n"; cout<<"Pleasecarryoutthenextoperation:"<<endl;//繼續(xù)運(yùn)算提示 cout<<"\n"; } } cout<