八年級下冊英語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解與練習(xí)題

八年級下冊英語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解與練習(xí)題

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)

1.構(gòu)成

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞have(has)+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞說明該謂語是屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動(dòng)詞，說明句子的意義。

2.用法

（1）表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間，但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、yet等副詞修飾。如：

-Haveyouhadlunchyet?

-Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadit.

你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？我剛剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了）

（2）表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語。

\

如：Hehastaughtheresince1981

他自1981年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續(xù)教）

Ihave'tseenherforfouryears.

我有四年沒見到她了。

3．結(jié)構(gòu)

1）．

陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋have(has)（not）+過去分詞＋其它。

havenot=haven’t

hasnot=hasn’t.

2）．

一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：Have(Has)＋主語＋過去分詞＋其它？

3）．

特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞＋have(has)+主語+過去分詞＋其它？

eg.Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.

Hehasn’tfinishedhishomeworkyet.

Hashefinishedhishomeworkyet?

--Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t./No,notyet.

（3）表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般譯為漢語“過”，常帶有twice,ever,never,threetimes等時(shí)間狀語。

如：IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我去過北京二次。

4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語

（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍，故不能和過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,threeyearsago等。但是，在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí)，可以和一些表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語連用。

a.用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑問句中。如：Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。

Theyhaven'tfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。

b.用ever和never。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。

如：-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？

-IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我從未去過長城。

c.用表示到說話為止的過去時(shí)間狀語，如just,before,uptonow,thepastfewyears等。例如：Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere.

我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。

Hehasbeentherethreetimesthelastfewdays.

近幾年他去過那里三次了。

d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語，如：now,today,thismorning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Haveyoumethimtoday?-No,Ihaven't.

今天你見過他嗎？我沒有。八年級下冊英語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解與練習(xí)題

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)

1.構(gòu)成

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞have(has)+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞說明該謂語是屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動(dòng)詞，說明句子的意義。

2.用法

（1）表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間，但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、yet等副詞修飾。如：

-Haveyouhadlunchyet?

-Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadit.

你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？我剛剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了）

（2）表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語。

\

如：Hehastaughtheresince1981

他自1981年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續(xù)教）

Ihave'tseenherforfouryears.

我有四年沒見到她了。

3．結(jié)構(gòu)

1）．

陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋have(has)（not）+過去分詞＋其它。

havenot=haven’t

hasnot=hasn’t.

2）．

一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：Have(Has)＋主語＋過去分詞＋其它？

3）．

特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞＋have(has)+主語+過去分詞＋其它？

eg.Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.

Hehasn’tfinishedhishomeworkyet.

Hashefinishedhishomeworkyet?

--Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t./No,notyet.

（3）表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般譯為漢語“過”，常帶有twice,ever,never,threetimes等時(shí)間狀語。

如：IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我去過北京二次。

4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語

（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍，故不能和過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,threeyearsago等。但是，在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí)，可以和一些表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語連用。

a.用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑問句中。如：Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。

Theyhaven'tfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。

b.用ever和never。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。

如：-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？

-IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我從未去過長城。

c.用表示到說話為止的過去時(shí)間狀語，如just,before,uptonow,thepastfewyears等。例如：Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere.

我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。

Hehasbeentherethreetimesthelastfewdays.

近幾年他去過那里三次了。

d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語，如：now,today,thismorning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Haveyoumethimtoday?-No,Ihaven't.

今天你見過他嗎？我沒有。Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentherethisyear?

今年你去過那里多少次？

（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語連用,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：Ihaven'tseenhimfortwoyears.

但是，像come,arrive,buy等終止性動(dòng)詞不能與表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語連用。要用，必須改為“be（在）”等延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來表述?，F(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：

arrive→behere

begin(start)→beon

die

→bedead

comeback→beback

leave→beaway

fallill(sick,asleep)→beill(sick,asleep)

getup→beup

goout

→beout

finish→beover

puton

→wear或beon

open

→beopen

join

→bein或beamemberof…

close

→beclosed

gotoschool→beastudent

borrow

→keep

buy

→have

catch(acold)→have(acold)

gettoknow→know

begintostudy→study

cometowork→work等

如：Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears.他參軍三年了。

Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父親去世二年了。

Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。

WehavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.我們（開始）學(xué)英語已三年了。

5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)都表示在過去完成的動(dòng)作。但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等，而一般過去時(shí)只表示動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。試比較：

Ihavelostmynewbook.

我把新書丟了。（現(xiàn)在還未找到）

Ilostmynewbookyesterday.我昨天把新書丟了。（昨天丟的，現(xiàn)在找到與否沒說明）

6.幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)

（1）havebeen(to)與havegone(to)的區(qū)別：havebeen(to)表示“去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）”，可用于各人稱；havegone(to)表示“去某地了（說話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀保Ｓ糜诘谌朔Q，前者可與once,never,severaltimes等連用，后者則不能。如：TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.他們?nèi)ミ^北京兩次。

HehasgonetoBeijing.

他去北京了。

（2）如單純表示一段時(shí)間，或強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時(shí)。如：Itistwoyearssincehisfatherdied.=Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwo

years.他父親去世已有三年了。

（3）終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。

如：Ihaven'tleftheresince1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)

[Exercises7]A）用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。

A:Where____________LiFei___________?

B:He____________toHainanIsland.

A:Howlong___________he___________there?

B:He_____________thereforthreedays.

A:Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?

B:I’mafraidhewon’tcomebackrecently.

A:CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?

B:Sorry,I_________never___________there.

A:Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?

B:He_____________thereonlyonce.B）用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto的各種形式填空。

WhereisJack?He__________hiscountry.

John_______Englandsincehecameback.

Howlong_____have_____thisvillage?

TheSmiths______Beijingforyears.

_____youever____America?

--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.

I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.

[Exercises10]A）按要求把短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

①arriveat/insw.getto/reachsw.come/go/movetosw.

→beinsw./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere

HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.

He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.

ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.

I__________________________theUSAsince____________________.

Iwenthomeyesterday.

I________________________homefor___________________.

Theycameherelastweek.

They__________________heresince___________________.

②come/goback,return→beback

come/goout→beout

Hecameouttwoyearsago.

He____________________________for____________________.

WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.

We_________________________toFuzhousince__________.

③become→be

Ibecameateacherin2000.

I________

__________ateacherfor__________________.

Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.

Theriver__________________dirtyfor___________________.

④close→beclosed

open→beopen

Theshopclosedtwohoursago.

Theshop__________________________for__________________.

Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.

Thedoor________________________forsixhours.

⑤getup→beup

die→bedead

leavesw.→beawayfromsw.

fallasleep/gettotsleep→beasleep

finish/end→beover

marry→bemarried

Igotuptwohoursago.

I________________________since________________.

HeleftFuzhoujustnow.

He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.

Mygrandpadiedin2002.

Mygrandpa______________________for_______________.

Themeetingfinishedatsix.

Themeeting____________________forsixhours.

Igottosleeptwohoursago.

I__________________________since___________________.

Theymarriedin1990.

They___________________________since_________.

⑥start/begintodosth.→dosth.

begin→beon

Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.

I________atthisschoolsince____.

Thefilmbegantwominutesago.

Thefilm____________for________.

⑦borrow→keep

lose→nothave

buy→have

puton→wear

catch/getacold→haveacold

gettoknow→know

Theyborroweditlastweek.

They__________________itsince____________________.

Iboughtapentwohoursago.

I__________________apenfor__________________.

Igottoknowhimlastyear.

I___________________himsince____________________.

Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.

I____________________myglassesfor__________________.

⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeenin

HehasgonetoBeijing.

He_____________Beijingfortwodays.

⑨jointheleague/theParty/thearmy

→bealeague/aPartymember/asoldier

→beamemberoftheleague/theParty

→beintheleague/theParty/thearmy

Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.

He_________________a__________________fortwoyears.

He__________________a_____________________the__________fortwoyears.

He__________________________________theleaguefortwoyears.

Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.

Mybrother____________________a___________for______________________.

Mybrother______________________in_______________________fortwoyears.

C）選擇填空

(

)2.Herfather______in1990andherhusband______formorethanfiveyears

(A)died,dead(B)hasdied,dead(C)died,hasbeendead(D)hasdied,hasdied

(

)3.Ihave_____thisnicewatchfortwoyears

(A)had

(B)bought

(C)borrowed

(D)lend

(

)4.He_____hishomefortenyears

(A)has

left

(B)left

from

(C)has

been

away

from

(D)was

away

from

(

)5.He_____aleaguememberforthreeyears

(A)is

(B)has

been

(C)has

become

(D)have

become

(

)6.Lihua'sbrotherhas_______fortwoyears

(A)joinedthearmy

(B)beenan

army

(C)becomeasoldier

(D)beeninthearmy

(

)7.He

hasn't_____Quanzhoueversinceheleftschool

(A)left

(B)been

away

(C)been

(D)away

[Exercises11]選擇填空

(

)1.——Haveyoufinishedyourhomework

——Yes,I_______itlastnight

(A)finish

(B)finished

(C)have

finished

(D)will

finish

(

)2.——________youever_______toNanjing

——Yes,I______therelastyear.

(A)Have…gone,havegone

(B)Have…been,

went

(C)Did…go,

went

(D)Did…go,has,been

(

)3.——When_______you________LucyinNewYork?——I_________herefortwoyears

(A)did…meet,haven't

seen

(B)did…meet,haven'tseen

(C)did…meet,don't

see

(D)would…meet,hadn'tseen

(

)4.when_

you

to

Beijing?

(

)3.He______finishedhishomework.yet

(A)doesn’t

(B)haven’t

(C)

hasn’t

(D)doesn’thave

(

)1.——Haveyou________traveledonthetrain.

——Yes,

Ihave.

(A)never

(B)ever

(C)just

(D)yet

(

)2.——Haveyoufinished

your

homework

——Not__________

.

(A)ever

(B)already

(C)yet

(D)just

(

)3.We

haven'tfinishedourhomework

.

(A)already

(B)ever

(C)yet

(D)never

(

)4.——Haveyou__________learnedEnglish?

——Yes,I've________learnedalot.

(A)never,ever

(B)ever,never

(C)ever,already

(D)already.ever

(

)5.——Haveyoufinishedyourhomework

________?

——Yes,I've_____donethat

(A)yet,already

(B)already,

yet

(C)ever,never

(D)still,just

(

)6.John'sfather_______borrowedsomepictures

(A)have

already

(B)has

just

(C)have

ever

(D)has

yet

[Exercises4]A）用since和for填空

1)______twoyears

2)_______twoyearsago3)_______lastmonth

4)______1999

5)_______yesterday

6)_______4o’clock

7)______4hours

8)_______anhourago

9)_______wewerechildren

10)_____lunchtime

11)______shelefthere

4

B）用since和for填空

1.HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.

2.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.

3.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.

4.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.

5.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.

(

)1.I'vebeenlikethiseversince_________

(A)lastweek

(B)foraweek

(C)

aweekbefore

(D)thelastweek

(

)2.Mymotherhasworkedinthisfactory_____2years.

(A)about

(B)for

(C)in

(D)since

(

)3.Ihaven'theardfromhim______lastweek.

(A)since

(B)for

(C)ago

(D)before

(

)4.Hisfatherjoinedtheparty_________

(A)forthreeyears

(B)sincethreeyears

ago

(C)threeyearsago

(D)intwoyears'time

1.–WhereisMr.Liu?

He_______thelibrary.

A.hasbeento

B.hasgoneto

C.hasbeen