英語語法-動詞時態(tài)

動詞1.連系動詞:

最常用的連系動詞是be(是),另外還有l(wèi)ook(顯得;看起來),get(變得),become(變得;成為),seem(似乎;好象),turn(變成),grow(變得)等.Shelooksveryill.Mybrotherhasbecomeaworker.2.最常用的短語動詞

(1)動詞+介詞

lookat,listento(2)動詞+副詞

getup,pickup,puton(3)動詞+名詞+介詞

takepartin,payattentionto(4)動詞+副詞+介詞

keepupwith,lookforwardto(5)be+形容詞+介詞

begoodat,beinterestedin3.一般現(xiàn)在時的用法

(1)表示主語具備的性格,特征和能力等.Shelikesmusic.Shehasblueeyes.HespeaksEnglishaswellashespeakshisownlanguage.(2)表示按規(guī)定或計劃要發(fā)生的將來的動作(只限于go,come,start,leave,stay,arrive,return,begin,be

等動作),常帶有表示將來的時間的狀語.

(3)在時間,條件狀語從句中表示將來的動作.Whenhearrives,he’lltellusaboutit.Ifheruns,he’llgetthereintime.(4)表示時間短暫的動作.Herecomethebus.Theregoesthebell.Ideclarethemeetingopen.4.一般過去時的用法

(1)表示過去常?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作,要和often,always,onceaweek等表示頻度的時間狀語連用.Whilemybrotherwasinthearmy,Iwrotetohimtwiceaweek.Healwayswenttoworkbybus.Whenwelivedthere,wewenttoseehimveryoften.

(2)表示過去常常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作,也可以用usedto+動詞原形或用would+動詞原形.Iusedtosmoke,ButI’vestoppednow.Shewouldtalktoherselfforhours.5.一般將來時

(1)表示將來經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作.WewillcometoseeyoueverySunday.Theywillgotothecinematwiceamonth.(2)begoingto+動詞原形,表示即將發(fā)生的事,或打算,計劃,決定要做的事,或可能要發(fā)生的事.Thereisgoingtobeafilmtonight.It’sgoingtosnow.

(3)有些表示位置移動的動詞,如come,go,start,arrive,leave,return等,可用現(xiàn)在進行時表示按計劃或安排即將要進行的動作.HeiscomingtoseemeonFriday.Wearegoingtothecinematonight.SheisflyingtoBeijingtomorrow.

(4)某些動詞(如come,go,start,leave等)的一般現(xiàn)在時可表示按計劃或時間表要發(fā)生的動作.Thetrainleavesat6:30.Mr.SmithstartsforEnglandtomorrow.(5)be+動詞不定式表示安排了要在將來做的事.TheQueenistovisitItalynextyear.HeistospeakonTVtonight.6.現(xiàn)在進行時

(1)表示當(dāng)前一段時期內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行(說話時不一定在進行)的動作.Theyareplantingtreesthesedays.WhatareyoudoinghereinBeijing?I’mshowingsomeforeignguestsroundthecity.(2)有時可以表示將來的動作.HeisleavingforNanjingthisevening.IamseeingtheAmericanfilmtonight.7.現(xiàn)在完成時(1)只有表示延續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)的動詞(如study,live,work,teach等),才能用于表示過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,往往和表示一段時間的狀語連用.Come,become,join,getup等動詞只表示短暫的動作,不能這樣用,這時需要用be來表示延續(xù)的狀態(tài).Hehasbeenhereforhalfayear.HisfatherhasbeenaPartymemberforfiftyyears.Herbrotherhasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears.(2)現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都表示在過去完成的動作，但現(xiàn)在完成時是表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能和表示過去時間的狀語連用，而一般過去時只單純表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系，它可以和表示過去時間的狀語連用。

Hehaslivedheresince1980.Helivedherein1980.Shehasbeenillforthreedays.Shewasillforthreedays.(3)“have/hasbeen”和“have/hasgone”的區(qū)別

Wherehashebeen?Wherehashegone?ShehasbeentoShanghai.ShehasgonetoShanghai.8.過去完成時(1)用by,at,before等構(gòu)成的短語.HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearnedbytheendoflastterm?

Attheageofsixshehadlearnedtoplaythepiano.Wehadgottothestationbefore7o’clock.(2)用when,before等引導(dǎo)的從句.Thetrainhadleftbeforehereachedthestation.Thefilmhadalreadybegunwhenwegottothecinema.過去完成時還可以表示從過去某一時間開始,并持續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài),往往和由for或since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時間的短語或從句連用.HehadstudiedEnglishfortwoyearsbeforehecamehere.Shesaidthatshehadlivedheresince1980.9.過去將來時(1)表示從過去某一時間看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài).過去將來時常用在賓語從句中.IsaidthatIshould/wouldgotoseehimthenextday.Hetoldmethemeetingwouldbeginathalfpasteight.Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakepartinthework.(2)過去將來時也可以用“was/weregoingto+動詞原形”來表示.ShesaidshewasgoingtovisitanexhibitionnextSaturday.Hesaidtherewasgoingtobeaconcertthisevening.Iwassuretheyweregoingtodothat.Choosethebestanswer:1.Iknowhimverywellbecausewe___friendsforages.areB.wereC.hadbeenD.havebeen2.IhopeLilywillcometoseemebeforeshe___.leaveB.leftC.leavesD.willleave3.Look,here___thefamousfootballplayer.Let’sgoandtakeapicturewithhim.A.ComeB.comesC.cameD.hascome

4.___forNewYork?Yet.AndIwillcomebacknextweek.HaveyouleftB.DoyouleaveC.AreyouleavingD.Didyouleave5.Oncehe___todosomething,noonecanholdhimback.WillmakeuphismindismakinguphismindMadeuphismindMakesuphismind6.Whenyoucalledmethismorning,I___thenewspaper.readB.wasreadingC.readsD.hasread7.Thewind___hardwhenIcamebackhomethisafternoon.wasblowingB.blewC.hasblownD.blows8.IusedtodrinkalotofcoffeebutthesedaysI___tea.preferB.ampreferringC.preferredD.Havepreferred9.DoyouknowanyoneinParis?

No,ButI’llmakefriendsonce___.A.I’msettledB.I’llbesettledC.I’vebeensettledD.Ihadsettled10.What’sthematter?Theshoesdon’tfitproperly.They___myfeet.arehurtB.willhurrtC.havehurtD.arehurting11.Thetelephone___fourtimesinthelasthour,andeachtimeit___formyroommate.A.has

rung,was

B.was

ringing,isC.had

rung,was

D.rang,hasbeen12.Doyouhavehistelephonenumber?

He___mehistelephonenumberbutI’mafraidI___it.A.gives,lost

B.gave,havelostC.had

given,lost

D.has

given,havelost13.Howisyourgrandfather?Mygrandfather___fortwoyears.A.diedB.hasdiedC.hasbeendiedD.hadbeendead14.Hello,I___you___inAmerica.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Aboutoneyear.don’tknow,are

B.haven’t

known,areC.hadn’tknown,areD.didn’t

know,were15.Didyoutellhimwhereshe___?

Yes,andIalsotoldhimshe___until

thenextmonth.

A.had

gone,wouldn’tcomeback

B.has

gone,won’tcomeback

C.had

been,wouldn’tcomeback

D.went,didn’tcomeback16.Look!Somebodyhasbrokenaglass.Well,it___me.I____that.wasn’t,didn’tdoB.isn’t,haven’tdoneC.wasn’t,hadn’tdoneD.isn’t,didn’tdo17.WhenI___,mygranny___.wasreading,wasfallingaleepB.read,fellasleepC.wasreading,fellasleepD.read,wasfallingasleep18.She___Hangzhouforthreetimes,butshestillwantstogothere.A.havegonetoB.havebeentoC.hasgonetoD.hasbeento19.Thefilm___fortenminutes.Youarealittlelate.hasbegunB.beganC.beginsD.hadbegun20.Where___myglasses?Ican’tfindtherethem.I___themonthetable,buttheyaren’there.A.you

put,putB.youhaveput,haveputC.haveyouput,put

D.didyouput,haveput21.IheardthatRose___herethisweekend.Doyouknowwhenshe___?A.will

come,wouldarriveB.would

come,willarriveC.has

come,comes

D.had

come,came22.Don’tworry.She___allaboutthematterbeforelong.A.willforgetB.wouldforgetC.forgets

D.forgot23.WhenIwasatcollege,I___tothenationallibraryeveryweek.A.hadgoneB.went

C.wasgoingD.hasgone24.Fromthe1990stothe1995sHollywood___thefilmcentreoftheworld.A.hasbeenB.was

C.hadbeenD.is25.Mr.Jackson___himselfphysicsbythetimehewastenyearsold.taughtB.hastaughtC.wastaughtD.hadtaught26.WhileTom___afootmatch,hiswifewasreadinginthebedroom.A.hadwatchedB.watches

C.waswatchingD.haswatched27.ThefilmstarlivedinNewYorkuntilhe___touniversity.A.wassentB.hadbeensentC.wassendingD.hassent28.She___Robertfortwoyears.Theyliveahappylife.A.married

B.marriedwithC.hasgotmarriedD.hasbeenmarriedto29.Whenthedoctorarrived,theoldman___.A.isdyingB.wasdeadC.hadbeendeadD.hasbeendead30.Thesekindsofclothes___well,sothestoredecidedtolowertheirprices.A.don’tsellB.arenotsoldC.won’tbesoldD.werenotsold31.You’dbettercomehereearlier.Theshop___at5o’clockeveryday.A.closes

B.isclosedC.isclosingD.willbeslosed32.TheMay4thMovement___in1919.A.tookplaceB.wastakenplaceC.wastakingplaceD.hadtakenplace33.Whathesaidatthemeetingyesterday___true.A.proves

B.isprovedC.proved

D.wasproved34.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool___2,000.A.haveaddeduptoB.addsuptoC.hasbeenaddeduptoD.isaddedupto35.Twooftheboys___whileridingbicycles.A.hurt

B.werehurtingC.gothurtD.hadbeenhurt36.Hedidn’tgiveuptheplanthoughhe___manytimes.A.hasfailedB.hadfailedC.wasfailingD.wouldfail37.LeiFeng___alotofgooddeedsforothersinhislife.A.hasdoneB.did

C.wasdoingD.haddone38.Whenevershe___thesedays,theoldwomanalwayscarriesanumbrellawithher.A.willgooutB.isgoingoutC.goesoutD.wouldgoout39.Morethan20people___intrafficaccidentsoverthepastfewmonths.A.werekilledB.havebeenkilledC.arekilledD.killed40.Ihavetoringhimupfirst.Canyouwaitafewminutes?It___long.A.won’tbetakingB.isn’ttakingC.deosn’ttakeD.won’ttake41.Wouldyoupleasegivemeahand,otherwiseIcannotfinishthework__.A.beforehecomesB.bythetimehehadcomeC.whenhecomesD.untilhehascome42.I___hehadfinishedhishomeworkatthistime.A.amthinkingB.thinkC.havethoughtD.thought43.ItwasnotuntilmidnightthatI___tosleeplastnight.A.hadgoneB.wasgoingC.went

D.wouldgo44.Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheearth___roundthesun.A.went

B.goes

C.wouldgoD.hasgone45.Thestreetlights___onwhennightfalls.A.willbeB.havebeenC.wouldbeD.are46.Bequiet!I’mtryingtohearwhattheman___.A.says

B.issayingC.said

D.hassaid47.Twelveinches___onefoot.A.make

B.makes

C.ismakingD.willmake48.I___inthechair.Mydogsatbesideme.A.sat

B.hadsatC.hassatD.wassitting.49.He___thestreetwhenhewashitbyacar.A.wasjustcrossingB.hadjustcrossedC.justcrossedD.wasjustcrossed50.AfterI___writingthecomposition,Ishallshowittoyou.A.shallfinishB.couldfinishC.hadfinishedD.havefinished51.Bob___hiskeysintheoffice,sohehadtowaituntilhiswife___.A.has

left,come

B