中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法24講+第22講+主謂一致

初中語(yǔ)法講義PAGE第份初中語(yǔ)法講義主謂一致年月日 第22章主謂一致在英語(yǔ)中，主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該采用的相應(yīng)形式。這看起來(lái)似乎很簡(jiǎn)單，但使用起來(lái)卻常會(huì)遇到復(fù)雜的情況。由于動(dòng)詞有著許多不同的形式和功能，因此動(dòng)詞在英語(yǔ)中是最為復(fù)雜的詞類(lèi)。對(duì)每一個(gè)句子來(lái)說(shuō)，我們不僅要考慮謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)上是否恰當(dāng)，還要注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上與主語(yǔ)保持一致。典型例句：1.Theyarestudents.（他們是學(xué)生。）典型例句：2.HisfamilyarewatchingTV.（他們?nèi)胰苏诳措娨暋＃┑湫屠洌?.EitheryouorIamgoingtoworkthere.（不是你就是我將要去那里工作。）1.主謂一致的三原則在英語(yǔ)中，主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該采用的相應(yīng)形式。這看起來(lái)似乎很簡(jiǎn)單，但使用起來(lái)卻常會(huì)遇到復(fù)雜的情況。（1）語(yǔ)法一致原則一般來(lái)說(shuō)，語(yǔ)法形式是單數(shù)的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；語(yǔ)法形式是復(fù)數(shù)的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Hisfatherisadoctor.（他父親是一位醫(yī)生。）Thenumberoferrorswassurprising.（錯(cuò)誤的數(shù)量之多是驚人的。）Weloveourmotherland.（我們熱愛(ài)我們的祖國(guó)。）Thetwinshavefoundtheirmother.（雙胞胎找到了他們的媽媽。）（2）意義一致原則主謂一致不僅是根據(jù)其外部語(yǔ)法形態(tài)來(lái)決定，最主要是取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)在含義。主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù)，但在意義上卻為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)形式雖為復(fù)數(shù)，但在意義上卻為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Twentydollarsistoodear.（20美元太貴了。）Thecrowdwerefightingfortheirlives.（這些人正為生存而戰(zhàn)斗。）Threeyearsinastrangelandseemslikealongtime.（在異國(guó)他鄉(xiāng)生活3年，卻仿佛是度過(guò)了很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。）（3）就近一致原則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)它前面鄰近的名詞、代詞等的數(shù)的形式，來(lái)決定自身數(shù)的形式。Notonlyhischildrenbutalsohehimselfwantstogothere.（不僅他的孩子想去那里，而且他本人也想去。）Neitheryounoryourbrotherhaspassedtheexam.（你和你弟弟考試都沒(méi)有及格。）2.主謂一致的特殊情況A.兩個(gè)作主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞由either...or，neither...nor，or，notonly...but(also)連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與后一個(gè)主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致。Tomorhisbrothersarewaitingintheroom.（湯姆或他的哥哥們正在房間里等候著。）EitherheorIamwrong.（不是他錯(cuò)了就是我錯(cuò)了。）Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit.（學(xué)生們和教師都不知道這件事。）Notonlythestudentsbut(also)theteacherisactiveinsportsandgames.（不僅學(xué)生，就連老師都積極參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。）B.主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)而后接由aswellas，with，togetherwith，like，alongwith，ratherthan，nolessthan，asmuchas，including，inadditionto，besides，but，expect等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。Nooneexpecthisownsupportersagreeswithhim.（除了他自己的支持者以外，誰(shuí)也不同意他的意見(jiàn)。）Nobodybutusknowsit.（除我們之外，再?zèng)]有人知道此事。）I,ratherthanyou,amtoblame.（該受責(zé)備的是我而不是你。）Sheaswellastheotherstudentshaslearnedhowtotype.（她和其他學(xué)生一樣，也學(xué)會(huì)了如何打字。）Ourschool,withsomefewschools,wasbuiltinthe1950s.（我們學(xué)校和不少學(xué)校一樣建于20世紀(jì)50年代。）Aprofessor,togetherwithsomestudents,wasmovedintoanewlaboratory.（一位教授和幾個(gè)學(xué)生搬到新實(shí)驗(yàn)室里去了。）C.由each，either，neither或some，any，no，every構(gòu)成的合成代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Eachboyhasreadthebook.（每個(gè)男孩都看過(guò)這本書(shū)了。）補(bǔ)充：each位于復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)之后時(shí)不影響主語(yǔ)的數(shù)。Theboyseachhaveanapple.（男孩們每人都有一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。）NeitherofthemisinterestedinEnglish.（他們兩人對(duì)英語(yǔ)都不感興趣。）Eitherofthestoriesisinteresting.（兩個(gè)故事中的任何一個(gè)都有趣。）Somebodyiswaitingforyouatthegateoftheschool.（有人在學(xué)校大門(mén)口等你。）Nobodywantstogothere.（沒(méi)有人愿意去那里。）Everythinggoesverywell.（一切進(jìn)行得很順利。）D.表示數(shù)目、時(shí)間、金額、距離、路程、書(shū)名、國(guó)名、報(bào)刊名稱(chēng)等的名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Twohoursisenoughforustofinishtheexperiment.（兩個(gè)小時(shí)足夠我們做完這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。）Tendollarsistoocheapforthispairofshoes.（這雙鞋賣(mài)10美元太便宜了。）Tenhundredmilesisalongdistance.（200英里是很長(zhǎng)的一段距離。）TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.（美國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。）TheNewYorkTimesispublisheddaily.（《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》每天都出版。）E.作主語(yǔ)用的集體名詞作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式；若就其中各個(gè)成員來(lái)考慮，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Myfamilyhasmovedintothenewhouse.（我家已搬進(jìn)了新房子。）（Myfamily表示“我家”，是一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式）Myfamilyenjoysportsandgames.（我們?nèi)胰硕枷矚g體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。）（Myfamily意為“家庭中的每個(gè)人”，強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式）Thecommitteewasmadeupof10members.（委員會(huì)由10人組成。）（強(qiáng)調(diào)整體）Thecommitteewereinthehall.（委員們都在大廳內(nèi)。）（強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)成員）F.people（人民），police，cattle等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thepeopleinthecityareveryfriendly.（那個(gè)城市的人們都很友好。）Thepolicearesearchingforthemurderer.（警察正在搜尋殺人犯。）Thecattlearegrazingneartheriver.（牛群在河邊吃草。）G.一個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)由and連接時(shí)，如果表示不同概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果表示同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。后一種情況只在第一個(gè)名詞前加修飾語(yǔ)。ThesingerandthedancercomefromGuangxi.（這位歌手和這位舞蹈演員來(lái)自廣西。）（and前后表示兩個(gè)人）ThesingeranddancercomesfromGuangxi.（那位歌手兼舞蹈演員來(lái)自廣西。）（and前后表示同一個(gè)人）Aprofessorandwriterhasattendedthemeeting.（一位教授兼作家出席了這次會(huì)議。）（and前后表示同一個(gè)人）Thetenthandthelastchapteraredifficulttounderstand.（第十章和最后一章很難看懂。）（and前后表示兩章）Thetenthandlastchapterisdifficulttounderstand.（第十章也就是最后一章很難看懂。）（and前后表示同一章）H.不定代詞none作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式或者復(fù)數(shù)形式。noneof短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果of之后為復(fù)數(shù)概念，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式或復(fù)數(shù)形式都可以；如果of之后為單數(shù)概念，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Noneknows/knowagreatdealaboutthisexperiment.（沒(méi)有一個(gè)人對(duì)這項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)很了解。）Nonehas/havebeenfound.（一個(gè)也沒(méi)有找到。）Noneoftheapplesis/aregood.（那些蘋(píng)果沒(méi)有一個(gè)是好的。）Noneoftheappleisgood.（那個(gè)蘋(píng)果沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)是好的。）（表示整個(gè)蘋(píng)果全部壞掉了）I.代詞what，who，which，any，all，most，more等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)主要由它們所代替的意義決定。Whatiswrongwithyou?（你怎么了？）Therearesomebooksonthedesk.Whatarethenamesofthem?（桌子上有一些書(shū)。書(shū)名是什么？）Hewholaughsthelastlaughsthebest.（誰(shuí)笑到最后，誰(shuí)笑得最好。）Allofthestudentshaveseenthefilm.（全體學(xué)生都看過(guò)這部電影。）Allthatglittersisnotgold.（閃光的不全是金子。）Allofhissparetimewasspentinreading.（他所有的空余時(shí)間都花在看書(shū)上。）Mostofhermoneyisspentonclothes.（她大部分的錢(qián)花在買(mǎi)衣服上。）J.不定代詞each，every，no所修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞即使以and或逗號(hào)連接成多個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。Eachboyandeachgirlwantstoservethepeopleinthefuture.（每個(gè)男孩和女孩都想將來(lái)為人民服務(wù)。）Everymanandwomanattendsthemeeting.（男的、女的都參加這個(gè)會(huì)。）Noboyandnogirllikeshiminhisclass.（他們班上的男孩和女孩都不喜歡他。）K.morethanone，manya短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，盡管意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。Morethanonestudenthastried.（不止一個(gè)學(xué)生嘗試過(guò)。）Manyastudentandteacheriswatchingthefootballmatch.（許多學(xué)生和老師正在觀看足球比賽。）L.在“therebe+并列主語(yǔ)”和“herebe+并列主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般應(yīng)與并列主語(yǔ)中的第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)的數(shù)一致。Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.（桌上有一支鋼筆和兩本書(shū)。）Therearesomebooksandapenonthedesk.（桌上有些書(shū)和一支鋼筆。）Atthattimetherewasonlyateacherandastudentintheroom.（那時(shí)房間里只有一個(gè)教師和一個(gè)學(xué)生。）Hereisaletterandabookforyou.（這里有一封信和一本書(shū)是給你的。）說(shuō)明：在非正式英語(yǔ)中，“there/herebe+并列主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如上例1、例3、例4都可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。M.“the+形容詞/過(guò)去分詞”這一表示一類(lèi)人的結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Theinjuredhavebeentakentohospital.（傷員已被送往醫(yī)院。）Theyoungarerequiredtorespecttheold.（年輕人應(yīng)該尊敬老人。）Theoldaretakengoodcareofinourcountry.（在我們國(guó)家，老人受到了很好的照顧。）Thegoodinhimoutweighsthebad.（他身上的優(yōu)點(diǎn)多過(guò)缺點(diǎn)。）Thewoundedisafriendofhis.（這位傷員是他的一個(gè)朋友。）補(bǔ)充：“the+形容詞/過(guò)去分詞”也可以表示某物或某個(gè)人，如上例4中的thegood和上例5中的thewounded，此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。N.在“...oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的數(shù)一致，而不是與one一致，因此從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但是當(dāng)one之前有the(only)修飾時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthathavebeenasked.（這是被問(wèn)到的最有趣的問(wèn)題之一。）Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlswhowaslateforthemeeting.（她是那些女孩中惟一一個(gè)開(kāi)會(huì)遲到的。）O.分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與其后of短語(yǔ)所表示的概念一致。of后表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；of后表示單數(shù)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.（這兒五分之三的工人是婦女。）Sixtypercentofhismoneywasspentonbooks.（他把百分之六十的錢(qián)都花在買(mǎi)書(shū)上了。）P.單個(gè)的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；但并列的此類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Raisingpigsisherjob.（養(yǎng)豬是她的工作。）Toseeistobelieve.（眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。）Whetherhewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.（他來(lái)不來(lái)仍是個(gè)問(wèn)題。）Listening,speaking,readingandwritingareallimportantinlearningEnglish.（在學(xué)英語(yǔ)時(shí)，聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀和寫(xiě)都很重要。）Q.glasses，trousers，clothes，shoes，chopsticks，compasses，scissors等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但如果這些名詞前有kindof，pieceof，pairof，sortof，typeof等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視kind，piece等的數(shù)來(lái)定。Histrousersarewornout.（他的褲子破了。）Apairofshoeswasinthebox.（這個(gè)盒子里有一雙鞋。）Therearetwopiecesofpaperonthefloor.（地板上有兩張紙。）R.thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind（這種書(shū)）作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；thesekindofmen=menofthiskind（這種人）作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Thiskindofbookisofgreatvalue.=Abookofthiskindisofgreatvalue.（這本書(shū)很有價(jià)值。）Thesekindofbooksareveryexpensive.（這種書(shū)很貴。）Thiskindofmenisdangerous.（這種人很危險(xiǎn)。）Thesekindofmenaredangerous.=Menofthiskindaredangerous.（這種人很危險(xiǎn)。）S.partof短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞跟of后面的名詞的數(shù)一致，of后為復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；of后為單數(shù)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。(A)partofthebookshavearrived.（一部分書(shū)已經(jīng)到了。）Partofhismoneywasspentonsmoking.（他的一部分錢(qián)花在抽煙上了。）Partsofthebookareinteresting.（這本書(shū)有些部分是有趣的。）說(shuō)明：partsof短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。T.population作主語(yǔ)，如指人口數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如指成員等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Thepopulationofthevillageis538.（這個(gè)村子的人口總數(shù)為538人。）Onethirdofthepopulationhereareworkers.（這兒三分之一的人是工人。）說(shuō)明：“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+ofthepopulation”短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。U.theOlympicGames（奧運(yùn)會(huì)），theAsianGames（亞運(yùn)會(huì)）等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。TheOlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryears.（奧運(yùn)會(huì)每四年舉行一次。）V.few(of)，afew(of)，both(of)，both...and，many，dozensof，agreatmany，agoodmany等通常修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Fewofthemhavepassedtheexam.（他們之中很少有人通過(guò)這次考試。）Dozensofstudentsareontheplatform.（月臺(tái)上有幾十個(gè)學(xué)生。）Agoodmanystudentshavetried.（很多學(xué)生都嘗試過(guò)。）W.little，alittle，abitof，much，agood/greatdealof，anamountof等通常修飾不可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Muchhomeworkhastobedonethisafternoon.（今天下午有許多家庭作業(yè)要做。）Agreatdealofmoneywaswastedontheproject.（這項(xiàng)工程浪費(fèi)了大量的錢(qián)。）X.alotof，lotsof，plentyof，enoughof，massesof，amassof，alarge/smallquantityof等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，of后接不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；of后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Alotofproblemsweresettledatthemeetingyesterday.（在昨天的會(huì)議上解決了許多問(wèn)題。）Amassofworkremainstobedone.（還有大量的工作要做。）Y.“thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；“anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。類(lèi)似短語(yǔ)還有以下這些：“theamountof+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)“anamountof+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)“thequantityof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)“aquantityof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)“aquantityof+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)“quantitiesof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolis1123.（我校學(xué)生數(shù)為1123人。）Anumberofstudentslikeplayingfootball.（許多學(xué)生喜歡踢足球。）Quantitiesofteaweresoldlastmonth.（上個(gè)月銷(xiāo)售了大量的茶葉。）Z.在大多數(shù)情況下，由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（多數(shù)是be的某種形式）應(yīng)按語(yǔ)法一致原則使用單數(shù)形式。Whatisneededisacts.（需要的是行動(dòng)。）Whatyouneedismorerest.（你所需要的是更多的休息。）CommonMistakes（注意！失分陷阱！）陷阱例題①NotonlyIbutalsoMaryandJane__________tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be句意提示：不僅我，瑪麗和簡(jiǎn)也厭倦了參加一個(gè)接一個(gè)的考試。陷阱追擊：由notonly...butalso...連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞容易誤選。正確解析：本題考查主謂一致中的就近原則。由notonly...butalso...連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與就近的主語(yǔ)“MaryandJane”保持一致。正確答案為B。陷阱例題②Nobodybutyou__________whathesaid.A.agreeswithB.agreesoutC.agreewithD.agreeto句意提示：除了你沒(méi)有人同意他所說(shuō)的。陷阱追擊：主語(yǔ)被but之類(lèi)的詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)的確定很容易誤選。正確解析：主語(yǔ)為nobody時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如果主語(yǔ)被but，aswellas，with等修飾，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍與主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致。正確答案為A。陷阱例題③Sheistheonlyoneamongthe__________writerswho__________storiesforchildren.A.woman;writesB.women;writeC.women;writesD.woman;write句意提示：她是女作家中惟一一位給孩子們寫(xiě)故事的人。陷阱追擊：本題定語(yǔ)從句中主謂一致的考查是結(jié)合復(fù)合名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)進(jìn)行的。易誤選B，誤認(rèn)為先行詞為writers。正確解析：womanwriter的復(fù)數(shù)為womenwriters。而定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)是由先行詞theonlyone決定的，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。正確答案為C。陷阱例題④Morethan__________oftheworkers__________fromParis.A.tenpercents;isB.tenpercent;areC.threetimes;wasD.percentsten;comes句意提示：超過(guò)百分之十的工人來(lái)自巴黎。陷阱追擊：本題考查百分?jǐn)?shù)的表示法及主謂一致。易誤選A，誤把百分之十作為整體處理。正確解析：percent通常作單數(shù)，但可與單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用?！胺?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of后的名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。正確答案為B。FinalCheck（實(shí)力測(cè)驗(yàn)）1.用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空1.A:Whyareyourgroupsohappy?B:Ourgroup__________(beat)theirsintheoralEnglishcompetition.2.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary__________(be)tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.3.“Newsofvictories__________(keep)pouringinasourarmyadvances,”thecompanycommandersaid.4.Whetherhe’llcomeornot__________(be)notknown.5.E-mail,aswellastelephones,__________(play)animportantpartindailycommunication.2.選擇括號(hào)內(nèi)的正確形式填空1.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth__________(is;are;were)sea.2.Booksofthiskind__________(sells;sell;issold;aresold)well.3.Heistheonlyoneofthechildrenwho__________(speak;speaks;isspoken)illofothersbehindtheirbacks.4.Thepopulationofthecity__________(is;are)notlarge,butonethirdofthepopulationhere__________(is;are)highly-educatedcitizens.5.Manyastudent__________(has;have)boughtthebook,butonlyafewofthem__________(has;have)readitthrough.3.選擇填空1.NeitherhenorI__________interestedinthisstory.A.isB.amC.areD.be2.Eachofthem__________gotadictionary.A.haveB.hasC.ishavingD.arehaving3.Thosewho__________playingbasketballcanjointhebasketballclub.A.likesB.arelikingC.likeD.isliking4.Thepicturesthat__________drawnbythefamouspainter__________beenputuponthewall.A.were;haveB.were;hasC.are;hadD.is;have5.Thepolice__________searchingforthethiefinthehouse.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.was6.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool__________increasing.A.isB.areC.hasD.have7.EitherheorI__________goingtolookafterthebaby.A.isB.areC.amD.were8.Thewounded__________beentakentothehospitalalready.A.hasB.wereC.wasD.have9.Hisfamily__________watchingsportsgamesonTV.A.enjoyB.enjoysC.likesD.liked10.Neitheroftheanswers__________right.A.areB.seemC.seemsD.look11.Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher__________therightanswer.A.knowB.knowsC.knownD.toknow12.Marywithhergrandparentsoften__________herweekendinthecountry.A.spendB.spendsC.spentD.spending13.Hisfamilynow__________inthecountry.A.liveB.livingC.livedD.lives14.Twohundreddollars__________enoughforthecoat.A.areB.isC.haveD.seem15.None__________finishedyourhomework.Soyoumustgoonwithyourhomeworkafterclass.A.hasB.haveC.hadD.bothAandB16.Allbutone__________herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were17.__________ofthelandinthedistrict__________coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are18.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks__________tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered19.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory__________yet.A.hasnotbeendecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided20.Eitheryouortheheadmaster__________theprizestothesegoodstudentsatthemeeting.A.ishandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohandout21.Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeandtwosons,__________arriveontheeveningflight.A.aretoB.aregoingtoC.istoD.willbe22.Wethinkthatreadingbooks__________apleasureandit__________onewise.A.is;makeB.is;makesC.are;makeD.are;makes23.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,__________visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe24.Hisfamily__________notrich,buthisfamily__________allhealthy.A.are;isB.is;areC.is;isD.are;are25.Tenyears__________sinceMr.WangcamehereandbegantoworkasanEnglishteacher.A.havepassedB.haspassedC.passedD.arepassing26.TheUnitedNations__________in1945tokeeppeaceoftheworld.A.foundedB.weresetupC.werefoundedD.wasfounded27.Eachboyandeachgirl__________anactivepartinthesportsmeeting.A.takesB.takeC.istakenD.aretaking28.Lessthan14percentofthelandofChina__________bytrees.A.iscoveredB.arecoveredC.hascoveredD.werecovered29.One-thirdofthestudentsinherclass__________intokeyuniversities.A.hasbeenadmittedB.havebeenadmittedC.hasadmittedD.haveadmitted30.Earlytobedandearlytorise__________onehealthyandwise.A.makeB.ismakingC.hasmadeD.makes31.Whetherhecomesornot__________.A.mattermuchB.don’tmattermuchC.mattersnotmuchD.doesn’tmattermuch32.Theboyseach__________anorange.Eachisveryhappy.A.haveB.hasC.isgivenD.hasreceived33.FuDanistheonlyoneofthestudentswho__________thegoldmedalforInternationalOlympicChemistry.A.havewonB.haswonC.havebeenwonD.hasbeenwon34.Theblind__________usuallyinspecialschools.A.istrainedB.aretrainedC.trainsD.trainKEYS:1.1.hasbeaten2.are3.keeps4.is5.isplaying2.1.is2.sell3.speaks4.is;are5.has;have3.1.B2.B3.C4.A5.B6.A7.C8.D9.A10.C11.B12.B13.A14.B15.D16.D17.C18.A19.A20.D21.C22.B23.A24.B25.B26.D27.A28.A29.B30.D31.D32.A33.B34.B解說(shuō)：1.neither...nor連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)依據(jù)就近原則，所以本題謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與I一致。2.本題主語(yǔ)是each，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。3.本題是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，those是先行詞，who是關(guān)系代詞，代替前面的those，所以，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。4.本題是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，that是關(guān)系代詞，代替前面的pictures，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。主句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。5.police是集體名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，所以be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為are。6.本句的主語(yǔ)是thenumber，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。7.either...or連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，依據(jù)就近原則，所以本題謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與I一致。8.thewounded是“the+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，代表一類(lèi)人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)句子意思，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。9.hisfamily在這里指的是他的家庭成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。10.本題neither作主語(yǔ)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。11.neither...nor連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)依據(jù)就近原則，所以本題謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與theteacher一致。12.本題的主語(yǔ)是Mary，withherparents只是一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)。13.hisfamily在這里指的是他的家庭成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。14.twohundreddollars雖然是復(fù)數(shù)，但應(yīng)把它當(dāng)作一筆錢(qián)，一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。15.none作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。16.all作主語(yǔ)，指人時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；指事情時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。17.分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與of后的名詞或代詞一致，本題應(yīng)與land一致。18.此句的主語(yǔ)是alibrary，with短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。因此，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。library是offer的承受者，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。19.本題兩個(gè)并列疑問(wèn)詞加動(dòng)詞不定式表示一個(gè)概念，“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。20.either...or連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由or后主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)來(lái)決定。be+todo表示將來(lái)已作好的安排、命令或指示。21.此句的主語(yǔ)是Dr.Smith，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。22.動(dòng)詞-ing形式或詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。23.主語(yǔ)+with...，其后的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)theteacher一致。主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)而后面跟有aswellas，with，togetherwith，like，alongwith，ratherthan，nolessthan，asmuchas，including，inadditionto，besides，but，expect等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。24.集體名詞指一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指各個(gè)成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。25.當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間、金錢(qián)、距離等概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。26.當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)組織或一個(gè)國(guó)家的名稱(chēng)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。27.manya，morethanone，every/each/noAandevery/each/noB作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。此句應(yīng)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。28.主語(yǔ)前有百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾，要看主語(yǔ)是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)。若是可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，反之謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。29.主語(yǔ)前有分?jǐn)?shù)修飾。若主語(yǔ)是可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，反之，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。此句應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。30.and前后集合起來(lái)表示一個(gè)概念作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。諺語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。31.一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。32.句子的主語(yǔ)是boys而不是each，each作同位語(yǔ)。33.定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞前有only修飾時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。34.“the+形容詞”表示一類(lèi)人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；表示一類(lèi)事情時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如：Thebeautifulgivespleasuretoallofus.【課后練習(xí)】1.One-third

of

the

area

___

covered

with

green

trees.

About

seventy

percent

of

the

trees

__

been

planted.

A.

are;

have

B.

is;

has

C.

is;

have

D.

are;

has

2.

The

number

of

teachers

in

our

college____

greatly

increased

last

term.A

number

of

teachers

in

this

school

_____

from

the

countryside.

A.

was;

is

B.

was;

are

C.

were;

are

D.

were;

is

3.

What

_____

the

population

of

China?

One-third

of

the

population

___workers

here.

A.

is;

are

B.

are;

are

C.

is;

is

D.

are;

is

4.

Not

only

he

but

also

we

_____

right.

He

as

well

as

we

_____

right.

A.

are;

are

B.

are;

is

C.

is;

is

D.

is;

are

5.

What

he’d

like

_____

a

digital

watch.

What

he’d

like

_____

textbooks.

A.

are;

are

B.

is;

is

C.

is;

are

D.

are;

is

6.

He

is

one

of

the

boys

who

_____

here

on

time.

He

is

the

only

one

of

the

boys

who

_____

here

on

time.

A.

has

come;

have

come

B.

have

come;

has

come

C.

has

come;

has

come

D.

have

come;

have

come

7.

Either

you

or

he

_____

interested

in

playing

chess.

____

you

or

he

fond

of

music

at

present?

A.

are;

Are

B.

is;

Are

C.

are;

Is

D.

is;

Is

8.

Many

a

professor

____

looking

forward

to

visiting

Germany

now.

Many

scientists

_____

studied

animals

and

plants

in

the

last

two

years.

A.

is;

have

B.

is;

has

C.

are;

have

D.

is;

are

9.

A

knife

and

a

fork

_____

on

the

table.

A

knife

and

fork

_____

on

the

table.

A.

is;

is

B.

are;

are

C.

are;

is

D.

is;

are

10.

Her

family

_____

much

larger

than

mine

four

years

ago.

Her

family

____dancing

and

singing

when

I

came

in

last

night.

A.

were;

was

B.

was;

were

C.

was;

was

D.

were;

were

11.

How

and

why

Jack

came

to

China

_____

not

known.

When

and

where

to

build

the

new

library

_____

not

been

decided.

A.

is;

has

B.

are;

has

C.

is;

have

D.

are;

have

12.

Now

Tom

together

with

his

classmates

_____

football

on

the

playground.

A.

play

B.

are

playing

C.

plays

D.

is

playing

13.

Two

hundred

and

fifty

pounds

___

too

unreasonable

a

price

for

a

second-hand

car.

A.

is

B.

are

C.

were

D.

be

14.

All

but

Dick

_____

in

Class

Three

this

term.

A.

are

B.

is

C.

were

D.

was

15.

Soon

after

the

earthquake,

every

man,

woman

and

child

_____

about

it.

A.

were

talking

B.

was

talking

C.

talk

D.

talks

16.

_____

of

the

land

in

that

district

_____

covered

with

trees

and

grass.

A.

Two

fifth;

is

B.

Two

fifths;

are

C.

Two

fifth;

are

D.

Two

fifths;

is

17.

My

friend

and

classmate

Paul

_____

motorcycles

in

his

spare

time.

A.

race

B.

races

C.

is

raced

D.

is

racing

18.

There

_____

a

pen,

two

pencils,

and

three

books

on

the

desk.

A.

are

B.

is

C.

has

D.

have

19.

The

factory,

including

its

machines

and

buildings,

_____

burnt

last

night.

A.

is

B.

are

C.

were

D.

was

20.

Climbing

hills

_____

of

great

help

to

health.

A.

is

B.

are

C.

were

D.

be

21.

Not

the

teacher

but

the

students

____

excited.

A.

is

B.

has

C.

are

D.

have

22.

The

injured

in

the

tsunami

_____

good

care

of

by

some

medical

teams.A.

is

taken

B.

are

being

taken

C.

are

taking

D.

is

being

taken

23.

As

I

have

a

meeting

at

four,

ten

minutes

_____

all

that

I

can

spare

to

talk

with

you.

A.

are

B.

was

C.

is

D.

were

24.

Each

man

and

each

woman

_____

asked

to

help

when

the

fire

broke

out.

A.

is

B.

was

C.

are

D.

were

25.

About

60

percent

of

the

students

_____

from

the

south;

the

rest

of

them

____

from

the

north

and

foreign

countries.

A.

are;

is

B.

is;

is

C.

is;

are

D.

are;

are

1-5

CBABC

6-10

BBACB

11-15

ADAAB

16-20

DBBDA

21-25

CBCBD

1.Three______diedintheterriblefireinLuoyanglastwinter.A.hundredspeopleB.hundredpeopleC.hundredspeoples D.hundredpeoples2.Eitheryouorthepresident_______theprizestothesegiftedwinnersatthemeeting.A.ishandingout B.aretohandoutC.arehandingout D.istohandout3.I,who______yourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyououtoftrouble.A.am B.is C.are D.be4.TheOlympicGamesintheyear2008______inBeijingofChina,which______knowntousall.A.istohold;is B.istobeheld;wasC.aretohold;is D.aretobeheld;is5.There_____alotofrubbishonthefloorsoIaskedMarytosweep_____up.A.were;it B.are;themC.was;it D.is;them6.Threemilliontonsofcoal______everyyearinthecity.A.isexploited B.areexploitedC.hadexploited D.haveexploited7.StoriesoftheLongMarch_______popularwiththeyoungpeoplenow.A.is B.was C.are D.were8.Mathematics_______thelanguageofscience.A.are B.aregoingtobe C.is D.istobe9.Bothriceandwheat_____growninourcountry.A.is B.are C.was D.were10.________eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?A.Have B.Had C.Has D.Is11.Whatthechildreninthemountainvillageneed________goodbooks.A.is B.are C.have D.has12.Thewholefamily_______TVattentively.A.arewatching B.iswatchingC.isseeing D.areseeing13.Nothingbutseveralglasses________boughtbymyfatherthedaybeforeyesterday.A.was B.were C.havebeen D.wouldbe14.Atthebusstop______asoldierandtwoyoungpeopleontheirwaytothevillage.A.were B.was C.is D.sits15.Iflawandorder______,neitherthecitizennorhisfamilyissafe.A.arenotpreserved B.isnotpreservedC.werepreserved D.havenotbeenpreserved16.There______littlechangeinthatmiddleschool.A.have B.had C.havebeen D.hasbeen17.Whatsuchasunsetis______strangetousall.A.goingtobe B./ C.is D.that18.Seventy-fivepercentoftheearth’ssurface______withwater.A.iscovered B.iscovering C.werecovered D.arecovered19.Thefollowing______someothermentaldiseases.A.being B.are C.was D.were20.NotonlyyoubutalsoI______abletohelphimout.A.are B.is C.am D.were21.“TheKites”______usastoryofthekite’shistory.A.havetold B.tells C.weretold D.wastold22.YouandI_____twinsisters.A.