非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之不定式【省一等獎(jiǎng)】

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解NonfiniteVerbs

什么是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞??？

“非謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)”,就是不是謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞唄!那不是謂語(yǔ)是什么呢？。。。。。。1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：概述：2.非謂語(yǔ)詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語(yǔ)外的所有成分(通俗地說(shuō)，就是不能作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變形）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞(doing)分詞現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)過(guò)去分詞(done)動(dòng)詞不定式（todo）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)狀語(yǔ)不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√6英語(yǔ)一句話中只能有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)如果出現(xiàn)更多動(dòng)詞：

加連詞（and/but/so…）放入從句變?yōu)榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

判別用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1.______thedogcameover,ourfriendranaway.(see)2.____fromthetopofahill,andyou’llfindthecitymorebeautiful.(see)3.Ifyou____thecityfromthetopofahill,you’llfinditmorebeautiful.(see)4._______moreclearly,theycameupandgotclosetoit.5.______fromthetopofahill,ourhouselookslikeacar.SeeingSeeseeToseeSeen1.Shegotoffthebus,________(leave)herhandbagonherseat.2.Shegotoffthebus,but

______(leave)herhandbagonherseat.3.Shegotoffthebus,who

_____(leave)herhandbagonherseat.4._______totheright,andyouwillfindthebuildingyouwant.(turn)5.Ifyou______totheright,youwillfindthebuildingyouwant.6._______totheright,youwillfindthebuildingyouwant.leftleftleavingTurnturnTurning非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用條件一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）,又沒(méi)有連詞的情況下,還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)。

Themantookoutthekey,_________(open)thedoorandenteredtheroom.2.Themansatthere,_________(read)abook.3._______(work)hard,andyouwillsucceed.4.Thequestion___________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofgreatimportance.5.___________(improve)hisspokenEnglish,Mr.ZhanggoestotheEnglishcornereverySaturday.openedreadingWorkdiscussedToimprove1Theteachers

sittingthere

are

fromotherschools.表語(yǔ)2Wesaw

someteachers

sittingthere.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)3Weneedtobeactiveinclass.

賓語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞劃分句子成分Part1To-infinitive動(dòng)詞不定式（TheInfinitive）一.動(dòng)詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成：由不定式符號(hào)to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。其否定式由not+不定式構(gòu)成

肯定式：todosth否定式：nottodosth.主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進(jìn)行式tobedoing不定式時(shí)態(tài)的用法1.不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，或之后發(fā)生，用一般式

1)Hewanted___________(see)you.2)Ihope___________(see)youagain.

2.強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用進(jìn)行式WhenIcamein,hepretended

(read)abook.Heissaidto___________(write)anovelnow.3.強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生時(shí)，用不定式完成式Heissaid_________________(write)anovellastyear.toseetoseetobereadingtohavewrittenbewriting不定式被動(dòng)形式的用法當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)（即邏輯主語(yǔ)與不定式動(dòng)作為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)），用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere.Thebookissaid_________________________(translate)intoEnglish.Mr.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeeting_____________(hold)tomorrow.Iamverypleased_______________________(give)thisopportunity.Sheasked______________(send)toworkinTibet.Noonelikes____________________(laugh)at.tobesenttohavebeentranslatedtobeheld她要求被派往西藏工作tohavebeengiventobelaughedTheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames___inBeijingin2008.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld---IsBobstillperforming?---I’mafraidnot.Heissaid__thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenD.tobeleft動(dòng)詞不定式（TheInfinitive）二.動(dòng)詞不定式的句法作用法動(dòng)詞不定式有副詞，形容詞和名詞的特征，因此在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，獨(dú)立成分1.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.5.Heisthemantoseeyou.6.I’mgladtoseeyou.7.Iwenttoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou.（作主語(yǔ)）(作賓語(yǔ)）（作賓補(bǔ)）(作表語(yǔ)）（作定語(yǔ)）（作原因狀語(yǔ)）（作目的狀語(yǔ)）（作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）說(shuō)出不定式在句中的成分(1)作主語(yǔ)

不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。Toseeistobelieve．

Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注：常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，將todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+takessb+sometime+todoIttakesusanhour___gettherebybus.句型2：It+be+n.+todoIt’sourduty__helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment__spendourholidayinthemountainstototo句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品質(zhì)的

）（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的

）Itiseasy______metofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itishonorable_______ustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykind___youtogivemesomehelp.It'simpolite___youtospeaktotheteacherlikethat.＝Y(jié)ouareverykindtogivemesomehelp.

＝y(tǒng)ouareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.

forforofofA:如果要說(shuō)明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，可以在不定式前加一個(gè)由for引起的短語(yǔ)。

Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.B:下列形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式前常加一個(gè)of引起的短語(yǔ)，這些形容詞是：(表評(píng)價(jià)性的，來(lái)說(shuō)明邏輯主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，特征，屬性）

kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughtyetc.It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sunwiseofhimtoleavehomeatonce.It‘swrongofhimtospeakbadbehindothers.It’swrongofthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.有些動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)(2)作賓語(yǔ)

Iwanttoknowthismatter.Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere.1).接不定式做賓語(yǔ)決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望設(shè)法假裝在拒絕主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wishmanage,pretend,refuseoffer,promise,choose,planagree,ask,help此外，fail,need,wouldlike/love,happen,afford,aim,prepare,can’twaittodo,beusedtodo,beabletodoShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.Ihappenedtobethere.Iwouldliketogoswimmingthisweekend.Ifind/feeltoworkwithhim

interesting．Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．注意：不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，往往把不定式賓語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后，而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。

句型：S+find/think/feel/make/consider/believe…..+it+adj/n+todosth.

翻譯：1.我們認(rèn)為早點(diǎn)開(kāi)始是有必要的。2.我覺(jué)得保護(hù)環(huán)境是我們的責(zé)任。3.我認(rèn)為遵守法律是重要的。4.我發(fā)現(xiàn)在一天之內(nèi)完成這么多家庭作業(yè)是不可能的。注意：2).it作形式賓語(yǔ)1).如果主語(yǔ)是不定式（表示條件），表語(yǔ)也是不定式（表示結(jié)果）。_______(do)twothingsatatimeistodoneither．_______(see)istobelieve.

2).系動(dòng)詞be,appear,seem,prove后用todo形式做表語(yǔ)；betodo,beabouttodo結(jié)構(gòu)表將來(lái)時(shí):HeistomarryRose.We____________thelargefactory.我們計(jì)劃去參觀那個(gè)大型工廠。Iwasjustabout____________(leave)theofficewhenthephonerang.Hiswordsproved______________(correct).Thegirlseems_________(be)unhappy.TodoToseetobecorrecttobetoleavearetovisit（3）作表語(yǔ)

3)當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan，problem,wish,task,job,purpose,thing等為中心的名詞時(shí)，后面可以用不定式做表語(yǔ)，用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所包含內(nèi)容。MyjobistoteachEnglish.Mywishis

tobeadoctor.Hiswishis________(buy)acarinthenearfuture.tobuyThemostimportantthingis__________(take)measurestopreventthepollution.totake（3）作表語(yǔ)

注:

作表語(yǔ)的不定式都帶to,但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí),to可以省略。Nowtheonlythingwecan

do

iswait.eg.1.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.

2.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.3.ThenexttraintoarriveisfromBeijing.4.Thecartobeboughtisforhissister.不定式做定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。5.Shemadeadecisiontogoabroadforayear.6.Hisplantofinishhishomeworkwasquiteclear.7.I’venotimetolistentoyourexcuse.（4）作定語(yǔ)

Heisthemantoseeyou.Pleasefindmesomethingtodrink.Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)放在被修飾詞(名詞或代詞)的后面，它和被修飾詞之間有三種關(guān)系:主謂、動(dòng)賓和同位.主謂關(guān)系動(dòng)賓關(guān)系同位關(guān)系（4）作定語(yǔ)

不定式與它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系Shehasalotofworktodointhemorning.1)Mr.Smith，Ihavesomequestions__________(ask).史密斯先生，我有一些問(wèn)題要問(wèn)。(不定式toask的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是主語(yǔ)I)2)Pleasegivemesomebooks___________(read).請(qǐng)給我一些書(shū)讀。(不定式toread的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是句中的me)但：I'mgoingtothepostoffice;doyouhaveanything_____________(send)？3)Thehouses___________(build)nextyeararefortheteachers.toasktoreadtobesenttobebuild不定式與它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?Doyouhaveanythingtobewashedtoday?比較：havesomeclothestowash

havesomeclothestobewashed自己洗別人洗I’mhungry.Pleasegetmesomething________(eat).Thosewhohavequestions________(ask)putupyourhands.Thebooks___________(send)tothepoormountainareasnextweekhavebeenhere.toeat4.Hetoldmeaboutthethings____________(discuss)atthenextmeeting.5.Wehaveacomposition_________(write).6.Hehasalotofwork_______(do)today,sohecan’tgowithus.7.Theyhavepaidforthehouse___________(build)nextyear.toasktobesenttodotowritetobediscussedtobebuilt1.Ihavealargehouseto________.(live)

2.Pleasegivemesomepaperto________.(write)

3.Canyougivemeachairto________?(sit)4.Heislookingforaroom_________(live).5.Pleasegivemeaknife______________(cut).

6.There’snothingto_____________.(worry)7.Hehasapento___________.(write)8.Thereare5pairsofshoesto________________.(choose)livein

writeon

siton注意:如果不定式部分的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,且與被修飾的名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),則需帶上相應(yīng)的介詞toliveinto

cutwithworryaboutwritewithchoosefrom1.Wearelookingforaroom_______.

A.tolivein

B.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_______?

A.tocutthefruitwith

B.tocutthefruit

C.cuttingthefruit

D.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper

（寫(xiě)上）

4.Excuseme,couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopen

（寫(xiě)）towriteontowritewithPractice2）不定式與被修飾的詞有主謂關(guān)系Sheisthelasttoleavetheroom.注意：不定式修飾的名詞前有theonly，thelast，thenext，序數(shù)詞(first,second,..)或形容詞最高級(jí)形容時(shí)，常用不定式作后置定語(yǔ),與其所修飾的詞有邏輯上主謂關(guān)系,CharlesLindberghisthefirstmantoflytheAtlanticalone.

Sheisthebestwomantodothejob.這樣的名詞常用的有：way,time,ability,chance,reason，opportunity，need，wish，right，plan,ambition,effort,等。1.It'stimeforyou______(get)upandgotoschool.2.Thereisnoreason__________(doubt)hisword.3.Theyhavenowanopportunity______(go)abroadtostudyfurther.4.Thefarmersthoughtofways__________(protect)theircrops.3）不定式與所修飾詞的有同位關(guān)系（前抽象后具體），即不定式短語(yǔ)說(shuō)明前面名詞或代詞的內(nèi)容。

Ihavenochancetogothere.togettodoubttogo

toprotectExercises:Youhavenoright________(stop)mefromgoinginthere.Therearenoplans___________(build)newoffices.Thelocalclubsaremakingeveryeffort_________(interest)moreyoungpeople.Thereisnoneedforyou_________(get)upearlytomorrow.Shewastheonlyperson___________(survive)aftertheearthquake.6.Thelastman__________thesinkingshipwasthecaptain.A.toleaveB.leavingC.leftD.tohavelefttostoptobuildtointeresttogettosurvive7.Hiswish_________adoctorcametrue.A.comingB.comeC.tocomeD.came8.Heisalwaysthefirst________andthelast________.A.ofcoming,ofleavingB.comes,leavesC.tocome,toleaveD.coming,leaving(4)某些動(dòng)詞或形容詞后可接不定式時(shí)，它相應(yīng)的同根名詞也常用不定式做定語(yǔ)。1.HemadeanattempttolearnEnglishwell.(attempttodosth)2.Hisabilitytogetonwithpeopleishischiefadvantage.(beabletodosth)3.Idon'ttrusthispromisetocomeforavisit.(promisetodosth)（5）作賓補(bǔ)Sheaskedmetostaythere.1.她叫我呆在這兒。2.請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我介紹Mr.White給你們。

PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.通常這樣的動(dòng)詞用在以下的結(jié)構(gòu)里:Verb+sb/sth+todosth(賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系實(shí)際上是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系)3.他要求我與他一起工作。Herequiredmetoworkwithhim.Verb+sb/sth+(to)dosthseewatchlookatnoticeobservehearlistentofeel+sb/sth

+dodoingdonemakelethavehelp+sb+(to)dosth理解：Isawsomeonecomein.Isawsomeonecomingin.Hehadhishorse________(jump)overthefence.Theladywaswatched___________(leave)herroomsilence.Hemadetheboy_________(clean)room.Didyounoticeanyone__________(enter)myroom?Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister______(cry),todayhewasmade_______(cry)byhislittlesister.8.Lastnightthegirlswereheard________(sing)intheclassroom.9.Thelocalpeopleweremade__________(leave).10.Somechildrenwereobserved_________(pick)uptheflowers.我看到有人進(jìn)來(lái)了。（已進(jìn)來(lái)）我看到有人正往里來(lái)（正在走）jumptoleavecleanentercrytocrytosingtoleavetopick表示目的、原因、結(jié)果Icameheretoseeyou．Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．Hehurriedtotheschoolonly

tofindnobodythere.(目的)

(原因)(結(jié)果)

1）不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于用inorderto，soasto引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)。

Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.

Istayedtheretoseewhatwouldhappen.Toget/Inordertogetagoodseat,shearrivedearly.（6）作狀語(yǔ)掌握含有目的狀語(yǔ)的幾種句式：Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.=Hegotupearly__________catchthefirstbus.=______________________,hegotupearly.=_______________thefirstbus,hegotupearly.=Hegotupearly_____________hecouldcatchthefirstbus.=Hegotupearly__________catchthefirstbus.=Hegotup______________catchthefirstbus.

注：1、soastodo…結(jié)構(gòu)不能放于句首；

2、inordertodo結(jié)構(gòu)，可以與inorderthat目的狀語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)換TocatchthefirstbusInordertocatchsoastosoearlyastoinorderthatinorderto1.Hebentdown_________(pick)thepenlyingonthefloor.2.Hebentdownand________(pick)thepenlyingontheground.3.Theteacherdidwhatshecould_________mewithmylessons.A.helpB.helpsC.helpedD.tohelp4.Thedoctordideverythinghecould_________(save)thepatient.5.Everyminuteismadefulluseof________(study)ourlessons.6.__________thefirstbus,hegotupearly.A.TokeepupB.SoastokeepupC.KeepupD.Inorderkeepuptopickpickedtosavetostudy2)不定式可以用來(lái)做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，常用enoughto，so+形容詞/副詞+asto，such…asto,too...to（太…而不能（