初二英語-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)課件

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

ThePresentPerfectTense一、構(gòu)成:have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原型-過去式-過去分詞形式：1）AAA型(三種都一樣)如：costcostcostcutcutcut

hurthurthurtshutshutshut

setsetset

2）ABB型(過去式與過去分詞相同)

如:bring-brought-brought

catchcaughtcaught

leadledled

3）ABC型(三種都不一樣)

如：begin-began-begun

taketooktakenringrangrung

dodiddonegowentgone4）ABA型(原形與過去分詞相同)如:come-came-come

becomebecamebecome

runranrun

①陳述句肯定形式。主語+have/has+過去分詞+其它eg.Ihavehadlunch.已經(jīng)吃過午飯了。

HehasgonetoBeijing.他去北京了。

上一頁下一頁主菜單

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型

②陳述句否定形式。主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其它（在助動(dòng)詞have/has后+not，可縮寫為haven’t/hasn’t）eg.

Ihaven’thadlunch.我還沒吃飯

Hehasn’tgonetoBeijing.他還沒有去北京。③一般疑問句形式及其答語。

Have/Has+主語＋過去分詞＋其它

（將助動(dòng)詞have/has提前，句末加問號(hào)）肯定回答：Yes,主語＋have/has.否定回答：No,主語+haven’t/hasn’t.－HashegonetoBeijing?－Yes,hehas

./

No,hehasn’t.④特殊疑問句形式（疑問詞+一般疑問句）

特詞+have/has+主語＋過去分詞＋其它？eg.Wherehashegone?

他去了哪里？(定義一)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果.它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是過去的動(dòng)作同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系.常用的時(shí)間狀語有already,yet,ever,never,just,before等.二、定義及用法“仍然，還”用在疑問句和否定句中，放在句末。Ihaven’treadthisbookyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?already:Yet:“已經(jīng)”通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。

Ihavealreadyreadthisbook.有時(shí)，也用在疑問句中表示驚訝。

Haveyoueatenupallthefoodalready?

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中標(biāo)志詞的用法區(qū)別“從來不”用在否定句中,放在句中。Ishefamous?Ihaveneverheardofhim.evernever“曾經(jīng)”通常用于疑問句和肯定句中,放在句中。

Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.HaveyoueverbeentotheUSA?“以前”用在完成時(shí)中，放在句末。Ｉhaveneverreadthiskindofbooksbefore.justbefore“剛剛”用在陳述句中,放在句中。

Ihavejustboughtanovel。

(定義二)表示一個(gè)從過去開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).通常和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用.e.g.Ihavebeeninthenewschoolforaweek.foraweeklastweekpresentpastfor+時(shí)間段我已經(jīng)來新學(xué)校一周了。e.g.LilyhasbeenawayfromhomesincelastFriday.sincelastFridaylastFridaypresentpastsince+時(shí)間點(diǎn)Lily自從上周五就離開了家。

since

+從句(一般過去時(shí))

詞組

(表示過去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn)Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.注:對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語提問必須用howlong,絕不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?Fillintheblankswithfororsince.1.Hisfatherhasbeendead___manyyears.2.Hehasbeenawayfromthearmy_____sevenyearsbecauseofalegwound.3.HehasbeeninBeijing______2003.4.HehasbeenamemberofHelpers’Club_______2004.5.Hehashadahouse______2005.6.Hehaskeptthecar______oneyear.forforsincesincesincefor巧解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)題技巧1:尋找現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的“時(shí)間”。(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去已經(jīng)開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),多和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用:for+一段時(shí)間;since+點(diǎn)時(shí)間(since作連詞后接從句時(shí),該從句要用一般過去時(shí))。(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)也用在含有during/in/overthelastyears或inrecentyears等的句子中。1.—Howlong_______you_____here?

—Forabouttwoyearssofar.

have,studied

B.did,live

C.do,stay

D.were,swimming

2.—Howisyourfather?I_____himforalongtime.

—Heisfine,butbusy.A.don’tsee

B.hadn’tseenC.didn’tsee

D.haven’tseen3.Meimeihasreceivedseverallettersfromherhometownsinceshe_______tothecity.

A.came

B.comes

C.hascome

D.willcome技巧2:尋找現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的副詞標(biāo)志或句型。(1)在做時(shí)態(tài)題時(shí),注意觀察句中是否有常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的副詞:yet,already,never,lately,recently,ever,just,before,(ever)since等。(2)句型:Ithasbeen+時(shí)間段+since+過去時(shí)句子.1.—Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?

—I_______yet.

haven’tdecided

B.won’tdecideC.havedecided

D.didn’tdecide2.Mymother_______thewindowsalready,sotheroomlooksmuchbrighter.hascleaned

B.hadcleanedC.iscleaning

D.willclean3.It____tenyearssincewelast_____inBeijing.was,met

B.hasbeen,met

C.was,meet

D.is,meet4.—Howlonghastheweatherbeenlikethis?

—_______.

Untillastnight

B.EversincelastnightC.Twodaysago

D.Twodayslater技巧3:把握havebeento與havegoneto的區(qū)別。havebeento曾經(jīng)去過某處(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那個(gè)地方,強(qiáng)調(diào)以前的經(jīng)歷)havegoneto去了某處(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語已經(jīng)離開說話者所在的地方,現(xiàn)在還沒有回來)

1.—IsthatJackspeaking?

—Sorry,heisn’tinrightnow.He_______thecinemawithhisaunt.hasbeento

B.hasgonetoC.havebeento

D.havegoneto2.—Hello,mayIspeaktoyourfather,please?

—Sorry,myfather_______toShanghai.Hewenttherethismorning.A.goes

B.hasgone

C.hasbeen

D.go3.—Howmanytimes_______you_______toBeijingthisyear?

—Threetimes.A.have,been

B.had,been

C.have,gone

D.hadgone技巧4:分清延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是指那些動(dòng)作可以持續(xù)的動(dòng)詞。如:have,keep,study,live,teach等。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是指那些動(dòng)作瞬間完成的動(dòng)詞。如:begin,buy,borrow,lend等。做題時(shí),要注意句中是否有段時(shí)間,如果有則用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。但是，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以表示狀態(tài)的延續(xù)，可與for/since等時(shí)間狀語連用。延續(xù)性語境中的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的使用

在具體的語言環(huán)境中，往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段相連用的情況。由于受漢語影響，往往錯(cuò)誤地直譯為：

Hehasfallenasleepforanhour.他睡了一小時(shí)了。（×）

當(dāng)出現(xiàn)這種情況時(shí)，我們往往采取以下解決方法：將非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。所謂狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞就是指這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生后接下來所呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。如：Hehasbeenasleepforanhour.（fallasleep,“入睡”為短暫動(dòng)作，但beasleep“睡著”則為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，可延續(xù)。）常見的這種動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)化有以下幾類：

gothere—bethere,comeback—beback,borrow—keep,buy/catch—have,arrive—bein,begin—beon,open—beopen,close—beclosed,die—bedead,getup—beup,fallasleep—beasleep,become—be,join—bein/amemberof,receive—have,catch/getacold—haveacold,getmarried—bemarried，come→bein，finish→be

over，

leave→beaway1.—Oh,Mrs.King,yourdresslooksnice.Isitnew?

—No,I_______itsincetwoyearsago.

had

B.bought

C.havehad