過(guò)去分詞狀語(yǔ)

Grammar

Grammar(1)Readthesentencesandunderlinethev-edforms.1.Encouragedgreatly,theyworkedevenharder. 2.Givenbetterattention,theseflowerscouldhavegrownbetter.3.Consideredmorecarefully,itwouldhavehadagoodresult.4.Borninapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.Rewritethesentences,beginningwiththewordsgiveninbrackets.1)Spokenbyfewerandfewerpeoplethesedays,theNaxilanguagemaydisappearinthefuture.(because)

Becauseitisspokenbyfewerandfewerpeoplethesedays,theNaxilanguagemaydisappear.2)Seenfromabove,theoldtownisamazeofcanals,littlebridgesandtinystreets.(when)

Whenitisseenfromabove,theoldtownisamazeofcanals,littlebridgesandtinystreets.

3)Passedfromfathertoson,themusichasnotchangedforeightcenturies.(because)

Becauseitispassedfromfathertoson,themusichasnotchangedforeightcenturies.4)Lookedatfromadistance,theXishanHillsresembleasleepingbeauty.(when)

Whentheyarelookedatfromadistance,theXishanHillsresembleasleepingbeauty.

5)Completelyrebuilt,thetownwouldnotbesointeresting.(if)

Ifitwerecompletelyrebuilt,thetownwouldnotbesointeresting.Summary:thefunctionsofv-edformas

adverbials.過(guò)去分詞(pastparticiples)或過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)(pastparticipialphrases)作狀語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。(1)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：

Seenfromthetopofthehill,ourschoollooksbeautiful.從山頂上看，我們學(xué)?？雌饋?lái)很美。

Heated,liquidscanbechangedintogases.液體被加熱會(huì)變成氣體。 注意:作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),過(guò)去分詞如果同時(shí)表被動(dòng)和動(dòng)作完成,常可換用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)完成式;過(guò)去分詞如果只表被動(dòng),不表完成,則不可與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)完成式換用。如:Discussed(Havingbeendiscussed)manytimes,theproblemsweresettledatlast.在討論了多次之后,問(wèn)題終于解決了。(過(guò)去分詞既表被動(dòng)又表完成) Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.從山上看這個(gè)公園非常漂亮。(過(guò)去分詞只表被動(dòng))

相當(dāng)于when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句.如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,可在分詞前用when,while等使其時(shí)間意義更明確(2)作原因狀語(yǔ)。如: Attractedbythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.被自然美迷住了，來(lái)自倫敦的那個(gè)姑娘決定在農(nóng)場(chǎng)再呆兩天。

Bornandbroughtupinthecountryside,hewasinterestedinbiology.由于在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大,他對(duì)生物很感興趣。(3)作條件狀語(yǔ)。如：

Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.再給他一次機(jī)會(huì)，他會(huì)做得更好。

Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.如果種在肥沃的土壤里,這些種子能長(zhǎng)得很快。 相當(dāng)于if,unless引導(dǎo)的從句。相當(dāng)于as,since,because引導(dǎo)的從句,這類狀語(yǔ)多放在句子前半部分。(4)作讓步狀語(yǔ)。如：

Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.盡管被許多人嘲笑,他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。

Exhaustedbytheclimbing,theoldmanwasdeterminedtogettothetopofthehill.盡管已經(jīng)爬得筋疲力盡，那位老人決定爬到山頂。 相當(dāng)于though,although引導(dǎo)的從句。(5)表方式或伴隨情況。如：

Followedbysomeofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.被一些官員跟隨著,拿破侖視察了他的軍隊(duì)。

Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.他靜靜地站在那里,被感動(dòng)得熱淚盈眶。 作狀語(yǔ)表示方式或伴隨情況時(shí),過(guò)去分詞可用并列句代替，如: Thehunterlefthishouse,followedbyhisdog.(=Hewasfollowedbythedog.)注意(1)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)須與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致，它們之間存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系。如：

Givenbetterattention,thetreescouldgrowbetter.若管理得好一些，這些樹木會(huì)生長(zhǎng)得更好些。(2)有時(shí),為了明確時(shí)間、條件、讓步或原因等,分詞前面可加連詞when,if,unless,once,although或副詞如deeply,completely,greatly等。如：

Sugar,whenmixedwithwater,dissolvesquickly.糖與水混合很快就溶解。

Althoughtired,Imustgoonworking.我雖然累了，但必須繼續(xù)干。(3)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)還可以和介詞“with”或“without”連用。如：

Youshouldgotosleepwiththelightturnedoff.你應(yīng)該把燈熄了再睡。

Withoutanythingleftinthekitchen,wedecidedtoeatout.廚房里沒(méi)有剩下任何東西，我們決定出去吃。(4)如果分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與所修飾的句子的主語(yǔ)不一致，就要有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(theabsoluteconstruction)。如：

Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.考試結(jié)束了,我們開始放假。

Moretimegiven,weshouldhavedoneitmuchbetter.如果給我們更多的時(shí)間，我們會(huì)做得更好。Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformoftheverbsinthebox.knowgiveinvitelosevisit1)When_____inspring,thehillsarecoveredwithflowers.2)______asoneoftheloveliestplacesinChina,Yunnanisnowvisitedbymanytourists.visitedKnownPractice3)____inthestreets,wedecidedtoaskforhelp.4)______intoaNaxihome,youshouldacceptwithpleasure.5)If_____somethingyoudon’twanttoeat,justrefusepolitely.givenInvitedLostCompletethefollowingsentences,usingthegivenwords.1)_____(face)withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.2)___(put)intouseinApril2004,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.FacedPut3)When______(offer)help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou.”4)“Youcan’tcatchme!”Janetshouted,_______(run)away.offeredrunningWritecompletesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewords.1.discover/onlyrecently/oldtown/be/stillveryquiet

Discoveredonlyrecently,theoldtownisstillveryquiet.2.visit/largenumbers/tourists/oldtown/cangetverycrowded(When)visitedbylargenumbersoftourists,theoldtowncangetverycrowded.3.build/side/mountain/village/be/veryattractive

Asitisbuiltonthesideofamountain,thevillageisveryattractive.4.cook/traditionalway/food/be/delicious(When)cookedinatraditionalway,thefoodisdelicious.TranslatethesentencesusingV-edform.(1)因?yàn)閷懙么颐Γ@篇文章不是很好。(2)工作提前完成了，他非常滿意。Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!Hewassatisfied,withtheworkfinishedaheadoftime.(3)教授走進(jìn)了教室，學(xué)生跟在身后。(4)這樣的機(jī)會(huì)一旦失去了，恐怕不會(huì)再來(lái)了。(5)他靜靜地坐在那里，眼睛看著湖面。Theprofessorcameintotheclassroom,followedbyhisstudents.Oncelost,suchachancemightnevercomeagain.Hesattheresilently,(with)hiseyesfixedonthelake.Grammar(2)PhrasalverbsMatchthephrasalverbswiththeirmeanings.comeacrossmakeuphearofgoonputsb.upfallforthinkoverfallinlovewithrunintocontinueletsb.stayinyourhomeconsiderbeacertainpartofsth.knowaboutCompletethesentenceswiththephrasalverbsabove.1.Ifyou___________agoodbookonYunnan,canyoubuyitforme?2.I’ll_________yoursuggestionsbutI’mnotsureIagreewiththem.comeacrossthinkover3.AfriendofminewenttoYunnanand______aDaiwoman.They’remarriednow.4.IknowalotabouttheDaipeoplebutI’venever_______thecustom.fellforheardof5.Anoldmanofferedto____us__inhishouse.6.Non-Hanpeople________nearly30%ofYunnan’spopulation.7.I’msointerestedinwhatyou’resaying.Please_____.putsupmakeupgoonChoosethebestanswers.1.Itseemsdifficultto____“hurt”from“injure”inmeaning.A.judgeB.tellC.divide