Unit+3+Grammar+and+usage+表語從句課件【知識(shí)精講精研】 高中英語牛津譯林版（2020）選擇性必修第三冊

新牛津譯林版高中英語選擇性必修三Unit3Backtothepast

GrammarandUsageExploringtherulesWhatdoyouknowaboutthegreathistorianSimaQian?Bornineither145or135BCE,duringChina’sHanDynasty,SimaQianis“thefatherofChinesehistory”.

SimaQianwroteShiJi,

orRecordsoftheGrandHistorian.Lead-inWesternscholarscanfurtherunderstandChineseculturethroughtheEnglishversionofShiji,andthepublicationoftheEnglishversioninChinacanalsoenableChinesescholarstopayattentiontothestudyoftheEnglishtranslationofShiji,thusdeepeningthecommunicationbetweenChineseandWesterncivilizations.Lead-inReadthearticleonpage34andanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Whatistheessayabout?2.WhatisthegreatestachievementSimaQianmade?3.WhatcontributedtoSimaQian’ssuccess?AExploringtherules1.Whatistheessayabout?TheessayisaboutthegreathistorianSimaQian.2.WhatisthegreatestachievementSimaQianmade?

HewrotetheShiji(RecordsoftheGrandHistorian).3.WhatcontributedtoSimaQian’ssuccess?

Hisfather’sinfluence,hislearningandtravellingexperiences,andhisperseverance.AExploringtherules對......感興趣周游全國獲取廣泛的信息繼他父親之后成為太史令方便他接觸......整理可用的資源需要艱苦的努力有效且高效地繼續(xù)某事被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄身體上和精神上無論順境還是逆境

takeaninterestin...travelextensivelyacrossthecountrygetawiderangeofinformationsucceedhisfatherasGrandHistorianfacilitatehisaccessto...sortoutavailableresourcesUsefulExpressionsrequirepainstakingeffortseffectivelyandefficientlycarryonwith...beputinprisonphysicallyandmentallyingoodtimesorbadtimesWorkingouttherulesFocuson基本用法PredicativeClauses(表語從句)在復(fù)合句中作表語的從句叫做表語從句。位于主句的系動(dòng)詞之后，對主語進(jìn)行解釋、說明，使主語的內(nèi)容具體化。表語從句也必須用陳述語序。“主語+系動(dòng)詞+關(guān)聯(lián)詞+表語從句”Structure:WorkouttherulesWecanuseanounclauseasthepredicativeofasentence.Wecanusethattointroduceapredicativeclausewhentheclauseisa(1)_________.Wecanusewhethertointroduceapredicativeclausewhentheclauseisa(2)_____________.Wecanusewhat,why,when,where,etc.tointroduceapredicativeclausewhentheclauseisa(3)___________.statementyes-noquestionwh-questionExplanation

引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有：

從屬連詞：

連接代詞：

連接副詞：that/whether/asif/asthough/becausewho/whom/whose/which/whatwhen/where/why/how1.Themostimportantthingisthatwefinishthefinaltask.2.Thequestionis

whetherwecanfinishitinsuchashorttime.3.Thereasonwhyhewaslateis

thathegotuplate.關(guān)聯(lián)詞的用法(1)從屬連詞:that&whether

用法歸納：a.that引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，只起______作用，作/不作句子成分，有/沒有意義。b.whether引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，只起______作用，作/不作句子成分，通常翻譯為“______”。注意，引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)通常不用if。連接√√連接√是否c.注意下面這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...主語是reason時(shí)，表語從句不能用because,

只能用that。①麻煩是我把他的地址（address）丟了。

②My

suggestion

is

that

we

___________(tell)

him.should

tellPractice:ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.在表“建議,勸說,命令”的名詞(suggestion,advice,request,

demand,proposal,order,等)后面的表語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”(虛擬語氣)，should可省略

Mysuggestionisthatweall___________(take)anactivepartinthecomingsportsmeet.2.Hisproposalwasthatthework_________________(finish)infivehours.(should)befinished(should)takeTIP2whether引導(dǎo)一般疑問句、選擇疑問句和反義疑問句，意思是“是否”，陳述語序。

e.g.

Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.

Mydoubtiswhetherwecangetthereontime.(注意：if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句。)Practice:

問題是我們是否可以依賴他。Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.TIP3whether與if均為“是否”下列情況下只用whether：Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.Thequestioniswhetherhe'llcome.

I'mnotsureabout

whetherwe'llwin.Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeor

not.

1.引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首2.引導(dǎo)表語從句3.從句作介詞賓語4.從句后有“ornot”

表語從句也可以由asif/asthough引導(dǎo)，意思是“似乎、好像”

e.g.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.

Itseemsasthoughhedoesn'tknowtheanswer.asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句如果是事實(shí)，就用陳述語氣；如果與事實(shí)不符，就用虛擬語氣(從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去式；從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用had+過去分詞；從句表示將來的可能性不大，用would/might/could+動(dòng)詞原形)。e.g.Helooksasifhewerearichman.

Helookedjust

asifhehadlookedtenyearsbefore.

Itlooksasifitmightrain.

將來事實(shí)相反asif

sbwould/might/could+do.現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反asif

sb

were/didsth.過去事實(shí)相反

asifsb

haddone

sth.

Explanation2.其他從屬連詞引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)有具體的含義,whether表示是否，because表示因?yàn)?；asif/asthough表示好像，似乎。注：asif/asthough和事實(shí)相反要虛擬，規(guī)則如下：

1、如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。2、從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用“had＋過去分詞”。3、從句表示與將來事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用“would／could／might＋動(dòng)詞原形e.g.,Itlooksasifsheweredrunk.beItappearsasifhehadn’tmet

her.notmeetbecause引導(dǎo)的表語從句常見于"This/That/It

is/wasbecause..."句型中e.g.Hewassenttothehospital.That'sbecausehewasill.

That'sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.That'sbecause…強(qiáng)調(diào)原因；That'swhy…強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果1)Hefailedthemathexam.That’s__________hewastoocareless.2)Hewastoocareless.That’s______hefailedthemathexam.becausewhy名詞reason作主語時(shí)，表語從句用that而不用because或why引導(dǎo)Thereason____hefailedthemathexamis_____hewastoocareless.thatwhy1.Iwaslateforschoolthismorning.That's________Istayeduptoolatelastnight.(果→因)2.Istayeduptoolatelastnight.That's________Iwaslateforschoolthismorning.(因→果)3.Thereason_______Iwaslateforschoolthismorningis_______Istayeduptoolatelastnight.because引導(dǎo)的表語從句常用于“That'sbecause…”結(jié)構(gòu)中,說明產(chǎn)生上述結(jié)果的原因;why引導(dǎo)的表語從句說明由上述原因?qū)е碌哪撤N結(jié)果。becausewhywhythatExplanation1.that不充當(dāng)句子成分，無意義，只起連接作用e.g.,WhatImeanis(that)

youmayhavetofaceit.OnereasonwhyCrystalhasbecomesofamousisthatheisveryquickthinking.2.其他從屬連詞引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)有具體的含義,whether表示是否，because表示因?yàn)?；asif/asthough表示好像，似乎。e.g.,Thequestioniswhetherweshouldgoonwiththiswork.Hesaysitisbecausehewantedtodoso.Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.Explanation2.其他從屬連詞引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)有具體的含義,whether表示是否，because表示因?yàn)椋籥sif/asthough表示好像，似乎。注：asif/asthough和事實(shí)相反要虛擬，規(guī)則如下：

1、如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。2、從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用“had＋過去分詞”。3、從句表示與將來事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用“would／could／might＋動(dòng)詞原形e.g.,Itlooksasifsheweredrunk.Itappearsasifhehadn’tmet

her.Explanation3.由連接代詞who/whom/whose/which/what引導(dǎo)的表語從句連接代詞在表語從句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語或定語。依據(jù)“缺什么補(bǔ)什么”原則確定正確的連詞。所謂“缺什么補(bǔ)什么”是指從句與連詞之間的關(guān)系。如果句子中缺主語，指人用who，指物用what。如缺賓語，指人用whom，指物用what。如缺定語用what或which。Explanation3.由連接代詞who/whom/whose/which/what引導(dǎo)的表語從句Theproblemis

willwatermyplantswhenIamaway.Thatis

Iwanttotellyou.Thingsarenotalways

theyseem.whowhatwhatThismuseumisnot______itwastenyearsago.whatwhichWhatIwanttoknowis

roadweshouldtake.用法歸納：連接代詞引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，既起______作用，又作句子成分(通常作__________________)等。連接主語，賓語，表語1.Sheisnotwhoshewas.2.Exerciseiswhatkeepsushealthy.3.Thewinnerwillbewhoeversolvesthatproblem.4.Mypartwillbe

whateveryougivetome.(2)連接代詞:who,whom,whose,which,what,whatever,whoever,whichever,...用法歸納：連接代詞引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，既起______作用，又作句子成分(通常作__________________)等。連接主語，賓語，表語Explanation3.由連接副詞when/where/why/how引導(dǎo)的表語從句連接副詞在表語從句中充當(dāng)狀語，可表時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等，因此不能省略。依據(jù)“缺什么補(bǔ)什么”原則確定正確的連詞。所謂“缺什么補(bǔ)什么”是指從句與連詞之間的關(guān)系。如缺時(shí)間狀語用when；地點(diǎn)狀語用where。

原因狀語用why；方式狀語用how。Explanation3.由連接副詞when/where/why/how引導(dǎo)的表語從句e.g.,Whathewondersis

theycanfinishtheirwork.Thisis

ourbasicinterestlies.Hewasill.That's

hewassenttothehospital.whenwherewhyThatwas

Iwasfifteen.whenThat’s

youarewrong.whereTheproblemis

wecanfindhim.how用法歸納：連接副詞引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，既起______作用，又作句子成分（通常作______）。連接狀語(3)連接副詞：when,where,why,how，whenever,wherever,...1.ThehouseiswhereLuXunoncelived.2.Tomorrowis

whenitwouldbethemostconvenient.3.That’s

howmattersstand.4.That's

whyyoushouldpushyourself.5.Thebesttimetostartiswheneveryouareready.用法歸納：連接副詞引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，既起______作用，又作句子成分（通常作______）。連接狀語Explanation4.特殊規(guī)則：特定名詞+that+（should）do結(jié)構(gòu)我的建議就是你做出決定之前仔細(xì)考慮一下。Myadviceisthatyou(should)thinkitoverbeforeyoumakeadecision.Whenthesubjectofasentenceisawordlikesuggestion,advice,order,demand,

etc,weoftenuse________________astheverbofthepredictiveclauseand_________canbeomitted.should+動(dòng)詞原形should引導(dǎo)表語從句的that通常不省略,但在口語或非正式文體中有時(shí)也可省略。

Thetroubleis(that)heisill.2.Mydecisionis

thatallofusaretostartat6o'clocktomorrowmorning.TIP1ApplyingtherulesApplyingtherulesB1Completethesentenceswithproperlinkingwordstoformpredicativeclauses.Applyingtherules1.Igotsixbooksfromthelibrary.Thequestionis________oneIshouldreadfirst!2.Thetruthis_____therearemanyreasonswhywarsbreakout.3.Wehavemadeitrulethatvisitorsmustnottouchthechinavases.Theproblemis______somevisitorsdonotpayattentiontoit.whichthatthat4.Themuseumwasclosed.Thatwas_______wecouldn’tseethehistoricaldocuments.5.Thetwohistoriansdisagreewitheachother.Thequestionis__________itispossibletoprovewhoisright.6.Besideshavingthehistoryclassesatschool,wealsovisithistoricdestinations.Thatis_______welearnaboutimportanteventsinhistory.whywhetherhowApplyingtherulesB2BelowisanarticleabouttheShiji.Completethearticlebelowwithproperlinkingwordstoformpredicativeclauses.

ApplyingtherulesInthefirstcenturyBCE,SimaQiancompletetheShiji,whichdescribeshistoricaleventsandfigurefromtheeraofheYellowEmperorinancientlegendstohisowntime.Totallingover520,000Chinesecharactersandextendingoveraperiodofabout3,000years,theShijiconsistsof130chaptersinfivecategories.Whatmakesthisbookremarkableincontentis(1)_______itnotonlyincludesvividdescriptionsofhistoricalfiguressuchasemperors,ministersorotherexceptionalfigures,butalsolistsimportanteventsindifferentperiods.Anotherthingtonoteis(2)_______itcoversadvancesinastronomy,music,thecalenderandsoon.thatthatOneofthemainfeaturesoftheShijiis(3)______thebiographiesarepresented－intheformofstoriesratherthandryfacts.SimaQianwasabletouseasmallnumberofwordstodescribeahistoricaleventorfigurevividly.Someofthephrasesemployedinthisbookarestillinconstantuse.Eventoday,theeventsandfiguresintheShijiseemrealwhenyoureadaboutthem.Laterhistorianswrote23moreofficialhistoriesinasimilarformat.TogetherwiththeShiji,thesewereeditedintheQingDynasty.Thatis(4)______theseworksbecameknownastheTwenty-FourHistories.TheyareamongthemostimportantrecordsofChinesehistory.howwhyQuestions:1.WhatareincludedintheShiji?2.WhatisoneofthemainfeaturesintheShiji?3.HowdidtheShijiinfluencethewaytorecordChinesehistoryinyearstocome?IntensivereadingQuestion:1.WhatareincludedintheShiji?

Itnotonlyincludesvividdescriptionofhistoricalfigures,butalsolistsimportanteventsindifferentperiods.Moreover,itcoversadvancesinastronomy,music,thecalendarandsoon.IntensivereadingQuestion:2.WhatisoneofthemainfeaturesintheShiji?

SimaQianusedvividstoriesinsteadofdryfactstopresentbiographies.IntensivereadingIntensivereadingQuestion:3.HowdidtheShijiinfluencethewaytorecordChinesehistoryinyearstocome?

Laterhistorianswrote23moreofficialhistoriesinasimilarformat.Writeashortparagraphbasedoneachofthesituationsbelow,usingpredicativeclauses.B3ExampleI’dliketojoinyouindoingtheprojectontheFirstWorldWar,butmyconcernisthatIdon’thavemuchknowledgeofit.Applyingtherules1.Tomissonervousabouthishistorytesttomorrow.

Theproblemisthathegetsstressedveryeasilywheneverhetakesatest.Onewaytostayrelaxedistokeepcalmandbreathedeeply.Tomhopesitwillhelpsolvehisproblem.ApplyingtherulesApplyingtherules2.David’snewbookonworldhistoryhassold10,000copies!

Atfirst,hisconcernwaswhetheranyonewouldreadhisbook.Actually,itisawell-writtenbookthatisalsofuntoread.ThereasonwhyhisbookhassoldsomanycopiesisthatDavid’sloveforhistoryisrepresentedinthewayhewritesaboutthetopic.Thefactis_____weshoulddependonourselves.Thecityisnolonger______itwastenyearsago.Thebestmomentforthefootbal