名校河北武邑中學高三英語上學期期末考試含解析

[名校]河北武邑中學高三英語上學期期末考試含解析注意事項:1.答題前，考生務必在試題卷、答題卡規(guī)定的地方填寫自己的準考證號、姓名?？忌J真核對答題卡上粘貼的條形碼的“準考證號、姓名”與考生本人準考證號、姓名是否一致。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結束，考生必須將答題卡交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處有音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanwanttoknow?A.Ifthemanisthirsty.B.IfthemanlikesBeyonce.C.Ifthemanhasheardsomenewmusic.【答案】C【解析】【分析】W:HaveyouheardthenewBeyonc6album?It’scalledLemonade.M:No，Ihaven’tlistenedtoityet.Speakingoflemonade.Icouldreallyusesomethingtodrink!【詳解】此為聽力題，解析略。2.【此處有音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanprobablywantthewomantodo?A.Fixhispants.B.Givehimhismoneyback.C.Givehimanewpairofpantsforflee.【答案】B【解析】【分析】M:Ineedtoreturnthispairofpants.Theyhaveaholeinthem.W:Okay，sir.Icangiveyou50％offanewpair.M:Just50％?It’snotmyfaultthattheyhaveahole.Ijustwantarefund.【詳解】此為聽力題，解析略。3.【此處有音頻，請去附件查看】WhomightShellybe?A.Theman’swife.B.Thegirl’ssister.C.Ababysitter.【答案】C【解析】【分析】W:Ineedhelpwithmyhomework.Dad.M:I’mrunningoutthedoortomeetyourmother.Shellyshouldbeheretohelpyousoon.She’sstayinguntil9:00tonightandalsomakingdinnerforyouandyoursister.【詳解】此為聽力題，解析略。4.【此處有音頻，請去附件查看】Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelinthebeginning?A.Confused.B.Satisfied.C.Disappointed.【答案】A【解析】【分析】M:Areyouevenlisteningtome?Donotgointhatroom!W:Whatareyoutalkingabout?Thisismyroom…Oh，youplannedmeasurpriseparty!You’resosilly.Thankyou!【詳解】此為聽力題，解析略。5.【此處有音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thenextdishwillbereallyspecial.B.Thebakedpotatoesarehisbestdish.C.He’11makesomethingevenbetternexttime.【答案】A【解析】【分析】W:Wow,Ididn’tknowyouweresuchagreatcookThesebakedpotatoesaretodiefor!M:I'vebeentakingcookinglessons.Andyouhaven’tseenanythingyet.You’regoingtolovethemaincourse!【詳解】此為聽力題，解析略。第二節(jié)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨自后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨自前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處有音頻，請去附件查看】6.Howlongdoesthewomanusuallystudythenightbeforeatest?A.Aboutanhour.B.Abouttwohours.C.Aboutthreehours.7.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Talktotheteacher.B.Studywiththewoman.C.Takeatest.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】M:Canyouhelpmewiththismathproblem?W:Actually,Idon’tknowhowtodoit，either.Youshouldprobablyjustasktheteacher.M:Ithoughtyoualwaysgot100％onallyourmathtestsW:Iusuallydo，butsometimesIneedhelp.too.M:Howlongdoyouusuallystudyforatest?W:Abouttwohoursthenightbefore，andthenanhourorsoearlierintheweek.M:Ineedtostudymore.Maybewecanstudytogether.W:Sure.I’dbehappytohelpyou.M:I'mgoingtoasktheteacheraboutthisproblem.I’11letyouknowwhathesays.W:Soundsgoodtome.【6題詳解】此為聽力題，解析略。【7題詳解】此為聽力題，解析略。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處有音頻，請去附件查看】8.Accordingtotheconversation，whatdoesGooglewanttodo?A.Replacealldriverswithcomputers.B.Researchsleeppatterns.C.Maketruckingmoreefficient.9.Whatdoesthewomansuggestabouttrucks?A.Humandriversreactquickerthanmachines.B.Manyjobsmightdisappearwithself-drivingtrucks.C.Manyaccidentsinvolveregulartrucks.10.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutself-drivingtrucks?A.He’sa1ittlescaredbythem.B.He’sexcitedbytheirspeed.C.Hethinksthey’resafer.【答案】8.C9.C10.A【解析】M:Wouldyouconsiderbuyingaself-drivingcar?W:Idon’tknow.IguessI’dhavetoresearchabitmoreaboutthembeforemakingthatdecisionM:Itwillprobablybeawhilebeforeweareabletobuythem,anyway.Wemightbeseeingself-drivingtrucksontheroadprettysoon，though.Googlewantstochangethecommercialtruckingindustry.Rightnow,thereareoverthreemilliontruckdriversintheU.S.,soaddingself-drivingtruckswouldlikelytakeawayalotofjobs.Butmanydriversmightstiffbeabletoaccompanytheirtrucks，andgetafullnight’ssleepintheprocess.W:Truckdriverscausealotofaccidentsonthefreeway,soIthinkI'dliketoseeself-drivingtrucks.Itwouldmakeme.feelsaferontheroad.M:Really?Ithinkitmightmakemefeellesssafe.Ahumandriverismuchmorelikelytoreactquicklytosomethingunexpected.【8題詳解】此為聽力題，解析略?！?題詳解】此為聽力題，解析略?！?0題詳解】此為聽力題，解析略。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處有音頻，請去附件查看】11.Whocreatedthenewproducts?A.Healthbox.B.UnderArmorC.UARecord.12.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheproducts?A.She’snotveryimpressedbythem.B.Shethinksthey’reworththemoney.C.Theysoundnewanddifferent.13.Whatdoesthemanlikemostabouttheproducts?A.Theycanmeasureyourbodyfat.B.Yourheartratecanbetracked.C.Youcansetgoalsandmeasureyourprogress.【答案】11.B12.A13.C【解析】M:HaveyouheardoftheUAHealthbox?W:No.What’sthat?M:ItwascreatedbythecompanyUnderArmor.It’sanewsetofthreesmartdevices-awristband，ascale，andaheart—ratemonitor.Theyallrecordinformationaboutyouwhenyouexercise，whichisthencollectedintheapp，UARecord.W:Ilikethatalloftheinformationgoesintooneapp.butitdoesn’tsoundverydifferentfromotherproductsthatarealreadyoutthere.M:Checkthisout，though:youcantouchthescreenofthewristbandtosignalthatyou'restartingorendinganactivity.Thenthescalemeasuresyourbodyfatandweight，whilethemonitortracksyourheartrate.Youweartheheartmonitoronabandaroundyourchest.Thebestpartaboutitisthatyoucansetgoalsandmeasureyourprogress.W:Howmuchdoesitcost?M:Thewholesetisaround$400，butyoucanjustbuythewristbandifyouwant，whichis$180.W:Wow,that’snotexactlyabargain.isit?【11題詳解】此為聽力題，解析略?！?2題詳解】此為聽力題，解析略。【13題詳解】此為聽力題，解析略。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幱幸纛l，請去附件查看】14.Whatisthewoman’sadvice?A.StudyingharderB.Justbeinghonest.C.Choosingacareerearly.15.Whatmightt11emanwritehisessayabout?A.Whathewantstomajorin.B.Hisunknownfuture.C.Hishighschoolexperience.16.WhomightMrs.Watsonbe?A.Theman’sdramateacher.B.Theman’smathteacher.C.Theman’sEnglishteacher.【答案】14.B15.B16.C【解析】W:Whatareyoudoing?M:I’mworkingonmycollegeapplication.Ijuststartedwritingmypersonalstatement,butI’mhavingahardtime.W:Whatdoesithavetobeabout?M:It'sbasicallyjustanessayaboutwhy1wanttogotocollegeandwhatIhopetodothere.It’sdifficulttowritebecauseIdon’tknowwhattomajorinyet.Iknow1wanttogotocollege；Ijustdon’thaveanideaofwhy1wanttogo.W:Whynotjusttellthetruthinyour:essay?M:YoumeanIshouldwriteaboutthefactthatIdon’tknowwhattodowithmylife?W:Yeah!Imean，Idoubtifanyonereallyknowswhatcareertheywanttohavewhentheyfirstgotocollege.Youhaveyearstofigurethatout.M:IguessIcouldwriteaboutthat.W:Whatelsedoyouneedtodotofinishyourapplication?M:Ineedtworecommendationletters.IaskedmyEnglishteacherandmymathteacher.Mrs?Watsonturnedhersin，butI'mwaitingonmymathteacherIwantedtoaskmydramateacher,Mr.Bennett，butI'veonlyhadoneclasswithhim，soIdecidednotto.IalreadyturnedinmygradesandmySATscore.W:HowdidyoudoontheSAT?M:NotaswellasIhadhoped.Ihavereallygoodgrades.though.andI'minallhonorsclasses，sothatshouldhelp.【14題詳解】此為聽力題，解析略?！?5題詳解】此為聽力題，解析略?！?6題詳解】此為聽力題，解析略。聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幱幸纛l，請去附件查看】17.WhoisFranSmith?A.Aweatherreporter.B.Anewshost.C.Afinanceexpert.18.Whenwilltherainstopcompletely?A.ByThursdayafternoon.B.ByWednesdayevening.C.Bytonight.19.Whatwilltheweatherbelikenextweek?A.Dry.B.Rainy.C.Foggy.20.Whattimeofyearisit?A.Spring.B.Summer.C.Fall.【答案】17.B18.A19.A20.C【解析】AndthatwasFranSmithwiththenews.Goodevening.I’mElizabethJohnsonherewithtonight’sweatherreport.Therainiscontinuing!Whatasurprise!We’reseeingheavyshowers，aswellasthunderandlightning.Therearehighwindstothenorth，withlightershowersinthesouth.ThankfullytherainshouldstopcompletelybyThursdayafternoon.Ifyoulivebythecoast，becarefuloflargewaves.Becauseofthepressuresystemthat’sheadingintonight，theseamaybemoreforcefulthanusual.I'dsuggeststayingawayfrombeaches，andpleasedonotheadoutintotheoceanonaboatofanykind.OnFriday,wecanexpectsomefog，butbytheweekend，weshouldbeseeingsomesunnyskiesandwarmerweather.Tonight，we’11likelyh“temperaturesinthelowerforties.withahighofaroundsixty-fivethisweekend.It’sbeenrainingnonstopforthepasttwoweeks,sothebreakintheweatherwillbeawelcomechange.Itlooksliketherewon’tbeanymorerainforthenextfewweeks，butthatcouldalwayschange.IhopethatyouarehavingagreatThanksgivingbreak,evenwiththeweather.Asalways，becarefuloutthereontheroads，andifyouseeorareinanemergencyofanykind，call911immediately.That’sitfortonight’sweatherreport.Staydryoutthere.NowovertoMariaHillwithfinancialnews.【17題詳解】此為聽力題，解析略?！?8題詳解】此為聽力題，解析略。【19題詳解】此為聽力題，解析略?！?0題詳解】此為聽力題，解析略。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AEco-friendlyVauban,liedinthesouthwestpartofGermany,haseverything－tree-linedstreets,perfecthouses－butit’smissingoneurbanfeatureofthelast100yearsorso:thecar.AndVaubanresidents(居民)don’tmindonebit.Vaubandoesn’tbancarsentirely.Rather,itjusttriestoreducetheuseofcarsbycreating“parking-free”and“car-free”living.InVauban,parkingspotsareano-noprivateproperty(私人財產(chǎn)).Carscanonlybeparkedinpublicparkinglots,solivingwithoutacarsavesresidentsthecostofparkinginthepubliclot.Carsalsoarepreventedfromusingcertainroadsandmuststicktostrictspeedlimits.Withtheselimitations,fewerthan20percentofresidentsowncars.Withoutcars,bikesarealmostreligioninthissmalltown.Kidspickthemupevenbeforetheycanrideone.Vaubanisaboutmuchmorethanjustusingtwowheelsinsteadoffour.InVauban,residentsridebikesandevenreceivemoneyfromtheelectriccompanyforsellingelectricitybacktothepowergrid(電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)).It’sanenvironmentally-friendlycityofthefuture,withorganicallygrownfood,renewableenergy,andcarbon-neutralhomes.Andnow,withapopulationof5,500,it’sattractingattentionfromaroundtheworld.Cananeco-friendlycitylikeVaubanbeamodelforAmericanstostoptheirover-relianceonthecars?SometimeswhenIwatchanewsreportwhat’sinthebackofmymindiswhatisn’tbeingreportedorstressed.Whilethiseco-friendlycityisinspiringinthatitshowsresidentsgettingexerciseandfreshairthroughthemajorityuseofbicycles,aswellasgoodoldfashionedwalking,commonsensewouldtellyouthatevenforaplacelikeVauban,Germany,itowesitsexistencetothecars.Doyouthinkthatbicycleswereabletotransportalltheconstructionmaterialsthatwereneededtobuildandmaintaintheeco-friendlyhomesandbusinessesinVauban?Ittookcarstohelpbuildthisutopia.It’soneoftheparadoxesoflifethatsometimesinordertogetawayfromrelyingonsomethinglikethecar,youactuallyhavetorelyonthatverythingatthebeginningandintotheforeseeablefuturetosomedegree.Imyselfhaven’townedacarformorethan14years,andmostlygetaroundtownrunning,walking,orusingpublictransportation.TherearetimesIwishIhadone,sinceitwouldmakemanythingseasier,butoverallI’mgladnottohavetodealwiththeheadachesofowningacar,whichcausedmetogetridofitinthefirstplace.Andallthewalkingandrunninghashelpedtokeepmefitandhealthy.Togetevenclosetobeinglikeeco-friendlyVauban,Americanswillneedtoabsolutelychangethewaytheylive.Commuting(乘車上下班)patternswillhavetochange,publictransportationwillhavetobeinvestedin,andsoon.Andthoughendingourloveaffairwiththecarwillbeimpossibleduringmylifetime,wemayatleaststarttoseemoreVauban-likeareasintheUSA.WecanhopethatAmericanswillconsiderusingtheirfeetmoretogetaround,cuttingdownonpollution,andgivingthemselvessomemoreexercise.21.Whydon’tover80%oftheresidentsinVaubanowncar?A.ThestreetsthereareverynarrowB.Therearemanylimitationsontheuseofcars.C.Thegovernmentlimitsthenumberofcars.D.Mostcarsbelongtotheirpublicproperty22.Theunderlinedword“paradoxes”inParagraph3probablymeans_____.A.oppositethingsB.bigshortcomingsC.greatstrengthsD.firmbases23.Howdoesthewriterfeelofnotowningacar?A.CuriousB.ProudC.GratefulD.Regretful【答案】21.B22.A23.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，在德國的沃班，由于一些嚴格的限制，只有不到五分之一的居民擁有汽車，這讓沃班成為生態(tài)環(huán)保之城，作者由此認為美國人應該改變生活和交通方式，希望美國也有沃班這樣的綠色之都?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Carsalsoarepreventedfromusingcertainroadsandmuststicktostrictspeedlimits.Withtheselimitations,fewerthan20percentofresidentsowncars.”可知，在沃班，汽車禁止在某些道路上行駛，而且還有嚴格的速度限制，正是由于這些限制，只有不到五分之一的居民擁有汽車，故B項正確。【22題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前的“Doyouthinkthatbicycleswereabletotransportalltheconstructionmaterialsthatwereneededtobuildandmaintaintheeco-friendlyhomesandbusinessesinVauban?Ittookcarstohelpbuildthisutopia.”可知，自行車不能運輸建設和維護沃班生態(tài)環(huán)保型住宅所需要的建筑材料，它們是靠汽車運輸?shù)?，此處是說這是生活中的矛盾之一，有時為了擺脫對汽車的依賴，你必須在開始時依賴它，由此可知，畫線詞詞義為“矛盾、對立物”，故A項正確?！?3題詳解】觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“butoverallI’mgladnottohavetodealwiththeheadachesofowningacar,whichcausedmetogetridofitinthefirstplace.Andallthewalkingandrunninghashelpedtokeepmefitandhealthy.”可知，作者很高興不必處理擁有一輛車帶來的麻煩，而且步行和跑步讓他保持健康，由此可知作者很感激沒有車給自己帶來的好處，故C項正確?！军c睛】詞義猜測特的難度較大，對畫線詞上下文的理解是關鍵，例如本篇第3題，根據(jù)畫線詞前的“Doyouthinkthatbicycleswereabletotransportalltheconstructionmaterialsthatwereneededtobuildandmaintaintheeco-friendlyhomesandbusinessesinVauban?Ittookcarstohelpbuildthisutopia.”可知，自行車不能運輸建設和維護沃班生態(tài)環(huán)保型住宅所需要的建筑材料，它們是靠汽車運輸?shù)?，有時為了擺脫對汽車的依賴，你必須在開始時依賴它，擺脫和依賴是相互矛盾的，由此可知，畫線詞詞義為“矛盾、對立物”。BAugustusSaint-GaudensandhisfamilyimmigratedtoNewYork,America,fromDublin,Ireland,in1848whenhewasjustsixmonthsold.Ashegrewup,Augustuslikedracinghisfriendsaroundtheblock,buyingcandiesatthestore,especiallydrawing—drawingpicturesoftheshoemakersathisfather'sshoeshop.Attheageof13,hisfathertoldhimitwastimetogotowork.Augustusreplied,"IshouldlikeitifIcoulddosomethingwhichwouldhelpmetobeanartist."Hebeganasanapprenticetoacameocutteroutofstoneandshell,andcarvedcameosofpeople,lions,andeventheheadofHerculesfromGreekmythology,whentheCivilWarhadjustbegun.At19,withhisearningsandhisparents'support,hetravelledtoParisandRomeforfurthertrainingandartisticstudy.Beforeheleft,hedrewaportraitofhismotherinpencilandsculptedasmallbust(半身像)ofhisfatheroutofclay.Then,22-year-oldAugustusopenedanartstudioinRomeandworkedonhisfirstlife-sizedsculpture,calledHiawatha.AnartpatronwasimpressedwiththissculptureandpromisedtohelpAugustus"untilyourgeniusandlaborsshallhavemetwiththerewardtowhichIfeeltheyareentitled".In1876,AugustuswaschosentodesignamonumenttotheCivilWarheroAdmiralDavidFarragutoftheU.S.Navy.Completedfiveyearslater,whenhewas33,hisfirstmajorsculpturefortheU.S.wasunveiledatMadisonSquareinNewYorkCity,thesculptor'sboyhoodhome.Oneartcriticcalledit"thebestmonumentofthekindthecityhastoshow".ThenthegiantStandingLincolninLincolnPark,ChicagoinasettingbyarchitectWhite,1884-1887,wasconsideredthefinestportraitstatueintheU.S.However,in1900,aged52,hisdoctorstoldhimhehadcancer.Eventhoughhewasoftenill,hecontinuedtoworkathishomeandstudioinCornish,NewHampshire.In1905,PresidentTheodoreRooseveltrequestedthatAugustusredesignAmericancoins—toconveythestrengthofthenation.Augustusmadelifelikepencilsketchesofhiscoindesigns.Yet,AugustusdiedinAugust1907,twomonthsbeforehisl0-dollarand20-dollargoldcoinswereissued.AugustusSaint-Gaudenshadfulfilledhisdream-andmore!HewasoneofthegreatestAmericansculptorsnotonlyofhisdaybutalsoofalltime.24.WhatdidAugustuslikedoingasachild?A.Heenjoyedsellingcandiesatthestore.B.Heenjoyedchasingafterhisfriendsatschool.C.Helikeddrawingpicturesofhisfather'sworkers.D.Helikedgoingtoworkasashoemakerinhisfather'sshop.25.HowdidAugustusbecomeasculptor?A.Hereceivedsponsorshipfromanartcritic.B.Hesculptedasmallbustofhisparentsoutofclay.C.HeopenedanartstudioinRomeandworkedonHiawatha.D.Helearnedhardasanapprenticeandcarvedmanyniceworks.26.WhendidRooseveltrequestAugustustoredesignAmericancoins?A.Athisageof33.B.Athisageof57.C.Athisageof52.D.Athisageof59.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThehistoryoftheCivilWar.B.Theremarkablesculptor'slife.C.ThecommentsonAugustus'works.D.Theoutstandingsculptor'smasterpieces.【答案】24.C25.D26.B27.B【解析】本文是一篇人物傳記，主要介紹了美國杰出的雕刻家Augustus的生平。【24題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Ashegrewup,Augustuslikedracinghisfriendsaroundtheblock,buyingcandiesatthestore,especiallydrawing—drawingpicturesoftheshoemakersathisfather'sshoeshop.”可知，Augustus喜歡和朋友們滿街區(qū)地跑，在商店里買糖果，特別是在爸爸的鞋店里給鞋匠們畫畫，故C項正確?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Hebeganasanapprenticetoacameocutteroutofstoneandshell,andcarvedcameosofpeople,lions,andeventheheadofHerculesfromGreekmythology,whentheCivilWarhadjustbegun.”可知，他從一個石雕和貝殼雕刻師的學徒開始，雕刻人物、獅子，乃至希臘神話中的大力神的頭顱，由此可知，他當學徒時學習很刻苦并雕刻了很多漂亮的作品，故D項正確。【26題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“However,in1900,aged52,hisdoctorstoldhimhehadcancer.”可知，1900年時，Augustus52歲，再結合最后一段中的“In1905,PresidentTheodoreRooseveltrequestedthatAugustusredesignAmericancoins”可知，1905年，Augustus57歲的時候，羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)讓他重新設計美國錢幣，故B項正確。【27題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)最后一段中的“HewasoneofthegreatestAmericansculptorsnotonlyofhisdaybutalsoofalltime.”可知，本文主要介紹了美國杰出的雕刻家Augustus的生平，故B項正確。CHumansandmanyothermammalshaveunusuallyefficientinternaltemperatureregulatingsystemsthatautomaticallymaintainstablecorebodytemperatures（核心體溫）incoldwintersandwarmsummers.Inaddition,peoplehavedevelopedculturalpatternsandtechnologiesthathelpthemadjusttoextremesoftemperatureandhumidity（濕度）.Inverycoldclimates,thereisaconstantdangerofdevelopinghypothermia（低體溫）,whichisalifethreateningdropincorebodytemperaturetobelownormallevels.Thenormaltemperatureforhumansisabout37.0°C.However,differencesinpersonsandeventhetimeofdaycancauseittobeasmuchas6°Chigherorlowerinhealthyindividuals.Itisalsonormalforcorebodytemperaturetobelowerinelderlypeople.Hypothermiabeginstooccurwhenthecorebodytemperaturedropsto34.4°C.Below29.4°C,thebodycoolsmorerapidlybecauseitsnaturaltemperatureregulatingsystemusuallyfails.Therapiddeclineincorebodytemperatureislikelytoresultindeath.However,therehavebeenrarecasesinwhichpeoplehavebeensavedaftertheirtemperatureshaddroppedto13.9—15.6°C.Thishappenedin1999toaSwedishwomanwhowastrappedunderanicesheetinfreezingwaterfor80minutes.Shewasfoundunconscious,notbreathing,andherhearthadstoppedbeating,yetshewaseventuallysaveddespitethefactthathertemperaturehaddroppedto13.7°C.Inextremelyhotclimatesorasaresultofuncontrollableinfections,corebodytemperaturescanrisetoequallydangerouslevels.Thisishyperthermia.Lifethreateninghyperthermiatypicallystartsinhumanswhentheirtemperaturesriseto40.6—41.7°C.Onlyafewdaysatthisextraordinarilyhightemperaturelevelislikelytoresultintheworseningofinternalorgansanddeath.28.Whycanhumanskeepstablebodytemperaturesindifferentseasons?A.Becausetheirbodiesareunusuallyefficient.B.Becausetheyexperiencedifferentclimates.C.Becausetheycanadjusttoculturalpatternsandtechnologies.D.Becausetheyhaveinternaltemperatureregulatingsystems.29.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlydiscuss?A.Thedangerouseffectsofhypothermia.B.Thechangeofbodytemperature.C.ThesurvivaloftheSwedishwoman.D.Theregulatingsystemsofnaturaltemperature.30.Peopleareunlikelytosurviveunderthebodytemperature.A.higherthan34.4°CB.lowerthan29.4°CC.between40.6—41.7°CD.between34.4—37°C31.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.SurvivinginanicetrapB.GettingtoknowhypothermiaC.AdaptingtoclimateextremesD.Changingcorebodytemperature【答案】28.D29.A30.B31.C【解析】試題分析：本文主要講述的是人體內(nèi)有調節(jié)體溫的系統(tǒng)，能讓人適應不同的外部氣溫?！?8題詳解】D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一句Humansandmanyothermammalshaveunusuallyefficientinternaltemperatureregulatingsystemsthatautomaticallymaintainstablecorebodytemperatures（核心體溫）incoldwintersandwarmsummers.可知人類保持穩(wěn)定的核心體溫是因為人體內(nèi)有調節(jié)體溫的系統(tǒng)。故D正確?！?9題詳解】A段落大意題。第二段第一句Inverycoldclimates,thereisaconstantdangerofdevelopinghypothermia（低體溫）,whichisalifethreateningdropincorebodytemperaturetobelownormallevels.中提出低體溫對人來說是一大威脅。接下來對這一情況展開說明?？芍径沃饕v述的是低體溫對人體健康的影響。故A正確?！?0題詳解】B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第六句Below29.4°C,thebodycoolsmorerapidlybecauseitsnaturaltemperatureregulatingsystemusuallyfails.可知在29.4度以下，人體的溫度會迅速下降，因為調節(jié)體溫的系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)失靈了，人就很難存活下來。故B正確?！?1題詳解】C標題概括題。本文主要講述的是人體內(nèi)有調節(jié)體溫的系統(tǒng)，能讓人適應不同的外部氣溫。AB項只涉及低溫，D項只提到改變核心體溫。C項較為全面地介紹了全文內(nèi)容。【名師點睛】選擇“標題”則是讓考生給所讀的文章選擇一個合適的標題。通常標題由一個名詞或名詞短語充當，用詞簡短、精練。常見的提問方式有：1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?2.Whichofthefollowingisthebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistext?3.Thebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe________.4.Thetopicofthispassageis_________.不管是選擇“主題”還是選擇“標題”，實質上都是要求考生從整體上理解語篇內(nèi)容，找出貫穿語篇的主線；不管是何種體裁的文章，總是圍繞一個主題來展開的。在試題設計上，3個干擾項內(nèi)容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要內(nèi)容，需要注意甄別。文章標題的選擇或擬定1.要在閱讀原文的基礎上，仔細考慮這句話或短語與文章主題是否有密切的聯(lián)系；2.再看它對文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何；3.要注意題目是過大還是過??；4.要避免下列三種錯誤：①概括不夠（多表現(xiàn)為部分代整體，從而導致范圍太?。?；②過度概括（多表現(xiàn)為人為擴大范圍）；③以事實、細節(jié)替代抽象概括的大意。要恰當?shù)剡x好標題，還需要了解標題的基本擬定方式。一般來說，標題的擬定方式是：以話題為核心，將控制性概念的詞按一定的語法濃縮為概括主題句句意或中心思想的詞組。比如某一文章的中心句子為：Coffeeisauniversaldrinkthatisservedindifferentwaysaroundtheworld.話題：Coffee控制性概念：isauniversaldrinkthatisservedindifferentwaysaroundtheworld標題：CoffeeAroundtheWorld?？键c：考查科普說明文閱讀DNoonelikestomakemistakes.Butanewstudysaysorganizationslearnmorefromtheirfailuresthanfromtheirsuccesses,andkeepthatknowledgelonger.OneoftheresearcherswasVinitDesai,anassistantprofessorattheUniversityofColoradoDenverBusinessSchool.HeworkedwithPeterMadsenfromtheMarriottSchoolofManagementatBrighamYoungUniversityinUtah.Theydidnotfindmuchlong-term"organizationallearning"fromsuccess.Itispossible,theysay.ButProfessorDesaisaystheyfoundthatknowledgegainedfromfailurelastsforyears.Hesaysorganizationsshouldtreatfailuresasalearningopportunityandnottrytoignorethem.Thestudylookedatcompaniesandorganizationsthatlaunchsatellitesandotherspacevehicles.ProfessorDesaicomparedtwoshuttleflights.Intwothousandtwo,apieceofinsulating(隔熱的)materialbrokeoffduringlaunchanddamagedarocketontheAtlantis.Stilltheflightwasconsideredasuccess.Theninearlytwothousandthree,apieceofinsulationstrucktheColumbiaduringlaunch.Thistime,theshuttlebrokeapartonre-entryandthesevencrewmembersdied.NASAofficialssuspendedallflightsandaninvestigationledtosuggestedchanges.ProfessorDesaisaysthesearchforsolutionsafterafailurecanmakeleadersmoreopen-minded.Hepointstoair-linesasanexampleofanindustrythathaslearnedfromfailuresinthepast.Headvisesorganizationstolookforusefulinformationinsmallfailuresandfailurestheyavoided.Healsourgesleaderstoencouragetheopensharingofinformation.ThestudyappearedintheAcademyofmanagementJournal.Themistakeswelearnfromdonothavetobeourown.WerecentlyaskedpeopleonourFacebookpagetotellusatimetheyhaddonesomethingreallysilly.FabricioCminowrote:NotlongagoIwantedtowatchTV,butitwouldn'tturnon,soIdideverythingIcouldtostartit.Thirtyminuteslatermymumshowedupand,passingby,saidtome"Didyoutrypluggingit?""I'mjustdusting,Mum!"Soshewouldn’tnoticehowdumbIamsometimes!BrunoKanieskidaSilvatoldaboutatimehelookedeverywhereforhiskey.Itwasinhispocket.Hewrote:IalwayspromiseIwillneverdoitagain,butafterafewweeks,whereismywallet?Forsureitwillbeinaverylogicalplace.32.Whatwegetfromfailurediffersfromthatfromsuccessisthat________.A.whatwelearnfromfailureismorepowerfulB.whatwelearnfromsuccessdoesnogoodtousC.theknowledgegainedfromfailureisimportantD.theknowledgegainedfromfailurelastslonger33.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat________.A.theinsulatingmaterialproblemin2002didn'tarouseenoughattentionB.therewerenoastronautsonColumbiaC.inspiteoftheproblem,AtlantiswasconsideredasuccessD.Columbiaexplodedduringitslaunchtime34.Thewritergivesthelasttwoparagraphstoshowthat________.A.manypeoplemakemistakesintheworldB.mistakeswereaveryembarrassingthingwhenfoundbyothersC.wecanalsodrawalessonfromothers’mistakesD.makingmistakeswasanecessity35.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Onlyorganizationscanlearnfrommistakes.B.Failuremayresultfromfaultsthathavebeenignored.C.Lessonsfromtheshuttleflightsaremoreimportant.D.Leadersoftenlackanopenmindandseldomshareinformation.【答案】32.D33.A34.C35.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。沒有人喜歡犯錯誤，但是一項新的研究表明，與成功相比，一個組織機構可以從失敗中吸取更多的經(jīng)驗教訓，而且這些經(jīng)驗教訓能夠在更長一段時間里發(fā)揮作用。【32題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Butanewstudysaysorganizationslearnmorefromtheirfailuresthanfromtheirsuccesses,andkeepthatknowledgelonger.可知，最新的研究表明，組織從失敗中學到的東西比從成功中多，失敗中學到的知識比從成功中學到的知識持續(xù)時間長，故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Intwothousandtwo,apieceofinsulating(隔熱的)materialbrokeoffduringlaunchanddamagedarocketontheAtlantis.Still,theflightwasconsideredasuccess.可知，發(fā)射過程中，隔熱材料的脫落使火箭遭到了損壞，但那次航天飛行卻被認為是成功的，說明隔熱材料存在的問題沒有引起人們足夠的注意，故選A。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中Themistakeswelearnfromdonothavetobeourown.可知，人們也可以從他人的錯誤中吸取教訓，第六段其他內(nèi)容和第七段講的是這樣的兩個例子，故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中Headvisesorganizationstolookforusefulinformationinsmallfailuresandfailurestheyavoided.”可知，ProfessorDesai建議有關部門從不起眼的小錯誤或成功避開的錯誤中尋找有用的信息，說明人們可以從一些未發(fā)生的錯誤中吸取教訓，故選B?！军c睛】推理判斷題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎上，做出一定的推理判斷，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理判斷題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中的某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，所以，推理題的答