Unit2詞匯講解高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)（北師大版2019）

2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)（北師大版2019）必修Book1Unit2詞匯講解1.prefervt.更喜歡[先做]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2022·全國(guó)乙卷滿(mǎn)分作文)Halfofthestudentssurveyedpreferto__learn(learn)EnglishbywatchingEnglishmovies.②(2022·全國(guó)乙卷滿(mǎn)分作文)Moststudents,thatistosay65%,haveapreference(prefer)forEnglishsongs,withhalfofthestudentskeenonwatchingEnglishmovies.[后教](1)prefertodosth. 更喜歡做某事prefersth.tosth. 相比某物更喜歡某物preferdoingsth.todoingsth. 寧愿做某事而不愿做某事eq\a\vs4\al(（2）,,)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.,woulddosth.ratherthandosth.,wouldratherdosth.thandosth.))eq\a\vs4\al(寧愿做某,事而不愿,做某事)(3)preferencen． 偏愛(ài)；優(yōu)先權(quán)；偏愛(ài)的事物haveapreferencefor 偏愛(ài)；特別喜愛(ài)[佳句背誦]ThereasonwhyIprefertheclassicalmusicisthatitalwaysremindsmeofthesplendidtraditionalChineseculture.我更喜歡古典音樂(lè)的原因是它總是讓我想起燦爛的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化。[名師點(diǎn)津]prefer不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)；不可與比較級(jí)連用。2.desiren.&vt.渴望[先做]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①YoungpeoplehaveastrongerdesireforabetterlifeandaremoreskilledinusingtheInternettolookforbusinessopportunities.②Wedesirethatimmediatehelp(should)begiven(give)tothelocalvillagerswhohavebeentrappedbytheflood.[后教](1)haveastrongdesireeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.迫切想要做某事,forsth.渴望得到某物))(2)desiretodosth. 渴望做某事desiresb.todosth. 希望某人做某事desirethat...(should)dosth. 希望……做某事[佳句背誦]KnowingyouhaveastrongdesiretolearnChinesewell,I'dliketoofferyousomesuggestions.＝KnowingyoudesiretolearnChinesewell,I'dliketoofferyousomesuggestions.得知你很想學(xué)好漢語(yǔ)，我想給你提供一些建議。背誦點(diǎn)書(shū)面表達(dá)之建議信3.defencen.防守隊(duì)員，后衛(wèi)；保衛(wèi)，防御；辯護(hù)[先做]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)①I(mǎi)tisthenatureofamothertodoallshecantodefendherchildfrom/againstharmanddanger.②Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhandsasifdefence.在defence前加in[后教](1)indefence(of) 保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)；(為……)辯護(hù)inone'sdefence 為某人辯護(hù)(2)defendvt. 保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解defend...from/against 保護(hù)……以免受defendoneself 為自己辯護(hù)；自衛(wèi)[佳句背誦]ThelawyersareallowedtodefendthemselvesincourtaccordingtoChineselaw.根據(jù)中國(guó)法律，律師被允許在法庭上為自己辯護(hù)。4.relievevt.減輕，緩解[先做]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2020·天津卷5月)—Youseemtobeinareallygoodmood.—Ifinishedmylasttesttoday.Whatarelief!NowI'mfree.②(2020·浙江卷7月)Thankgoodness!Wesucceededinclimbingontothehelicopter,gaspingwith/inrelief.③(2020·江蘇卷)Qualitycountslessthanattitudeandeffort—evenastupidjokecanrelieveothersofriskandembarrassment.[后教](1)relievesb.of... 緩和/減輕某人的……(2)reliefn. 減輕，緩解；安慰；救濟(jì)toone'srelief 令某人感到欣慰的是with/inrelief 欣慰地，寬慰地Itisarelieftodosth. 做某事是放心的/舒心的。(3)relievedadj. 寬慰的；欣慰的[佳句背誦]Afterhisterrifyingadventure,Macfeltrelievedwhenhereachedhomesafetohislovingfamily.在經(jīng)歷了可怕的冒險(xiǎn)之后，麥克安全地回到了親愛(ài)的家人身邊，感到如釋重負(fù)。5.particularn.尤其，特別adj.特定的[先做]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)①Tomisaveryopen-mindedman，andwon'tbeparticularaboutsmallthings.②IamparticulargoodatspokenEnglishandhaveadeepunderstandingofculturesofourcity,whichwillgreatlyhelpmedothejob.particular→particularly[后教](1)beparticularabout/over... 對(duì)……講究/挑剔beparticulartodosth. 特地做某事(2)inparticular＝particularly 尤其；特別[佳句背誦]AsfarasIknow,thiskindoffoodisrichinnutrition,anditcontainsalotofmineralsinparticular.據(jù)我所知，這種食物營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富，特別是含有大量的礦物質(zhì)。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]表示“尤其；特別”的副詞還有specially、especially等。6.benefitn.好處，益處v．(使)受益；得益于[先做]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Youcanalsogoovertheknowledgeatthesametimeandyouaresuretobenefitfromit.②(譯林選必三U2)Thesescientificandtechnologicaladvancescanprovidebenefits(benefit)tosocietiesontheEarthinmanyareasincludinghealth,energyandinformationtechnology.[后教](1)forthebenefitof... 為了……的利益(2)benefitfrom/by... 從……中受益；得益于……(3)beneficialadj. 有利的；有幫助的beofgreatbenefitto... ＝beverybeneficialto... 對(duì)……非常有益(to為介詞)[佳句背誦]Regulationsplacedclearobligationsonthelandlordforthebenefitofthetenant.為了租戶(hù)的利益，條例給房東規(guī)定了明確的義務(wù)。[名師點(diǎn)津]benefitsb./sth.＝beofbenefittosb./sth.＝bebeneficialtosb./sth.對(duì)某人/某物有益；有益于某人/某物7.equipmentn.設(shè)備，裝備[先做]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)①Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.②Thecompanyhasboughtalotofnewequipmentssincethenewmanagercametopower.equipments→equipment[后教](1)apieceofequipment 一件設(shè)備(2)equipv. 裝備；配備equip...with... 用……來(lái)裝備……beequippedwith... 配有……equipsb.forsth./todosth. 使某人為(做)某事而準(zhǔn)備； 使某人具備(做)某事的條件[佳句背誦]Inmyview,educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn,themoreequippedforlifeyouare.在我看來(lái)，教育就是學(xué)習(xí)，你學(xué)得越多，你就越能適應(yīng)生活。背誦點(diǎn)書(shū)面表達(dá)之建議信8.preventvt.預(yù)防；阻止，阻擋[先做]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2022·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)TheelderlyresidentsincarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeeling(feel)lonely.②(2020·天津卷7月)Itpreventspeoplewhoarecutofffromsocietyfalling(fall)victimtocheaters.[后教](1)prevent/stop...(from)doingsth.＝keep...fromdoingsth. 阻止……做某事(2)preventionn. 預(yù)防，防止[佳句背誦]Topreventsofttissueinjury,makesurethatyouwearproperclothesandequipmentwhenexercising.為避免軟組織損傷，你要確保鍛煉時(shí)穿合適的衣服，戴合適的裝備。(譯林必修二U2)[名師點(diǎn)津]prevent/stop/keep...fromdoingsth.用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其中的from均不可省略。9.amountn.數(shù)量；總額v．等于；合計(jì)；發(fā)展成為[先做]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)①Theamountofmoneyinhisbankaccountwas(be)sohugethattheauthorgotoverjoyed.②(2021·浙江卷6月)Itwastiringwork,butIlookedforwardtothepay,eventhoughIwasn'tsurehowmuchitwouldamountto．③Hugeamountsofinformationhaveupdatedinthepastminutes.在updated前加been[后教](1)theamountof...……的數(shù)量alarge/smallamountof＋n.[U]＋v.(單數(shù))large/smallamountsof＋n.[U]＋v.(復(fù)數(shù))(2)amountto共計(jì)，總計(jì)；等于，相當(dāng)于[佳句背誦]Theamountofjunkfoodteenagerseatgoesupyearbyyear,whichgraduallyruinstheirhealth.青少年吃垃圾食品的數(shù)量逐年上漲，這逐漸損害了他們的健康。[名師點(diǎn)津]只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞匯及短語(yǔ)還有agreatdealof、much等。10.satisfactionn.滿(mǎn)足，滿(mǎn)意；令人滿(mǎn)意的事[先做]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2022·浙江卷1月)Finally,myhardworkpaidoff—wewereawardedanA,whichgavemegreatsatisfaction(satisfy).②Tomysatisfaction,Igotasatisfying/satisfactoryresultoftheexam，whichmademymotherquitesatisfied．(satisfy)③(2020·天津卷7月)Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn'tarrangeflowerstosatisfy(satisfy)herself.[后教](1)withsatisfaction 滿(mǎn)意地toone'ssatisfaction 令某人滿(mǎn)意的是(2)satisfyvt. 使?jié)M意；使?jié)M足satisfyone'sneeds/demands 滿(mǎn)足某人的需要(3)satisfiedadj. (感到)滿(mǎn)意的；滿(mǎn)足的besatisfiedwith... 對(duì)……感到滿(mǎn)意(4)satisfyingadj. 令人滿(mǎn)意的satisfactoryadj. 滿(mǎn)意的[佳句背誦]Tosatisfymyneeds,myfathercreatedagoodlearningatmosphereforme.Lookingatmyreportcard,myfathernoddedwithsatisfaction,asmilespreadingacrosshisface.為了滿(mǎn)足我的需要，爸爸為我創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)良好的學(xué)習(xí)氛圍?？粗业某煽?jī)單，我爸爸滿(mǎn)意地點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭，臉上綻開(kāi)了微笑。11.sightn.視野；視力；景象[先做]——用sight的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空①Atthesightoftherescuedboy,hisparentswereseizedwithhappiness.②(2022·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Astimewenton,otherrunnersfinishedtherunbutIcouldn'tcatchsightofDavid.③Attherailwaystation,themotherwavedgoodbyetoherdaughtertillthetrainwasoutofsight．[后教](1)catchsightof 看見(jiàn)；瞥見(jiàn)losesightof 看不見(jiàn)loseone'ssight 失明comeintosight 進(jìn)入視野(2)atfirstsight 乍一看；初看時(shí)atthesightof 一看見(jiàn)outofsight 看不見(jiàn)(3)acommonsight 一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的現(xiàn)象[佳句背誦]Assoonasyouentertheuniversitygate,youwillcatchsightofmanyoldtreesandbuildings.一踏進(jìn)這所大學(xué)的校門(mén)，你就會(huì)看見(jiàn)許多古老的大樹(shù)和建筑。背誦點(diǎn)書(shū)面表達(dá)之地點(diǎn)介紹12.amazedadj.大為驚奇的，驚訝的[先做]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Amazed(amaze)andembarrassed,shefeltasifalltheairweretodisappearandpeoplearoundtheworldwerewatchingher.②(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing(amaze).[后教](1)beamazedat... 對(duì)……感到驚訝beamazedtodosth. 吃驚地做某事amazementn. 驚奇(2)inamazement 驚奇地toone'samazement 令某人驚奇的是(3)amazevt. 使驚訝amazesb. 使某人吃驚(4)amazingadj.令人驚奇的；令人驚喜的[佳句背誦]Itisreallyamazingthatweshouldhavesomuchincommon.HowIwishIcouldhavemoreopportunitiestocommunicatewithyou!我們竟然有這么多共同點(diǎn)，真是太神奇了。我多么希望能有更多的機(jī)會(huì)和你交流！(2022·浙江卷1月滿(mǎn)分作文)[名師點(diǎn)津]表示“驚奇”的詞語(yǔ)，程度由強(qiáng)到弱依次為：shock→astonish→amaze→surprise。13.ingood/badshape健康狀況良好/不佳[先做]——補(bǔ)全句子①Hekeepstoomanythingsinhispockets,sohissuitlooksbadlyoutofshape(變形).②Afterthesurgery,myfellowclassmatewasgraduallyingoodshape(逐漸地健康了).③Tomalwaysgoesjogginginthemorningandheusuallydoespush-upstokeepinshape(保持體形).[后教](1)intheshapeof... 以……形狀outofshape 健康狀況不好；變形keepinshape 保持體形(2)shapesth. 影響/決定某物beshapedlike 形狀像[佳句背誦]Thehouseisunusualforitsroofintheshapeofstairs.這座房子的獨(dú)特之處在于階梯形的屋頂。14.tryoutfor參加選拔；爭(zhēng)取成為(團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員)[先做]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)①Thesalesgirlwaspatientandaskedmetotryonasmallercoat.②Itriedtopersuade(persuade)himtogiveuptheplan,butinvain.③Conceptcarsareawayfordesignerstotrytheirideasonthepublicwithcompletefreedom.在try后加out[后教]tryout 試驗(yàn)；測(cè)試；試用(某人)tryforsth. 試圖獲得；爭(zhēng)取tryon 試穿trytodo... 努力/試圖做……trydoing... 嘗試做……[佳句背誦]IknewfromtheInternetthatyouwantsomestudentstoserveasspokesmenfortheanimalstheylike.Iwouldliketotryoutfortheactivity.我從網(wǎng)上得知你們想招募一些學(xué)生作他們喜歡的動(dòng)物的代言人，我愿意報(bào)名參加。背誦點(diǎn)書(shū)面表達(dá)之申請(qǐng)信15.payoff成功；有回報(bào)；奏效；達(dá)到目的；還清；解雇[先做]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)①(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?②Borrowingmoneyfromfriendswouldn'taffectyourrelationships,ifyouremembertopayoffassoonaspossible.off→back[后教]payforsth. 付錢(qián)(買(mǎi))；支付payback 還錢(qián)；償還；報(bào)復(fù)payavisitto 參觀；拜訪payattentionto 注意；留心[佳句背誦]Isuggestyoushouldpaymoreattentiontoyourhandwriting,whichcanhelpyouimproveyourgrades.我建議你多注意書(shū)寫(xiě)，這會(huì)幫助你提高成績(jī)。背誦點(diǎn)書(shū)面表達(dá)之建議信16.takeadvantageof利用[先做]——補(bǔ)全句子①(2021·全國(guó)乙卷滿(mǎn)分作文)However,onlinelearninghasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages(有利也有弊).②OnceyouhaveagoodcommandofEnglish，youwillhaveanadvantageoverothers(比其他人有優(yōu)勢(shì))whenyouhuntforajob.[后教](1)advantagesanddisadvantages 利與弊haveanadvantageover 勝過(guò)，優(yōu)于(2)makeuseof 利用makethemostof 充分利用[佳句背誦]Takingadvantageoffreetimetorideabikeisofgreatbenefittoourhealthaswellastheenvironment.利用空閑時(shí)間騎自行車(chē)對(duì)我們的健康和環(huán)境都有很大的好處。背誦點(diǎn)書(shū)面表達(dá)之環(huán)境保護(hù)單元重點(diǎn)句型1.狀語(yǔ)從句的省略(教材原句)Anddon'tdrinktoomuchwhilerunning,orit'llmakeyoufeelsick.在跑步期間不要喝太多水，否則你會(huì)感到不舒服。[先做]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Whilekept(keep)withinitsduebounds,itisbothbeautifulanduseful.②(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)Inmyopinion,when/wheneverintrouble,weshouldseekhelpfromthosewetrustmost.[后教]狀語(yǔ)從句省略的條件：(1)狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致或是代詞it；(2)狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)中含有be動(dòng)詞。[佳句背誦]Althoughyoung,shewascalmandconfidentonthestage.雖然很年輕，但她在舞臺(tái)上冷靜自信。[名師點(diǎn)津]對(duì)狀語(yǔ)從句的省略的考查主要是判斷連詞后面用哪種非謂語(yǔ)形式，做題時(shí)關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚省略結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系：主謂關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)賓關(guān)系用過(guò)去分詞。2.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(教材原句)Estebanhadbeencyclingashardashecouldforhoursandwiththefinishinglineinsightallthecyclistsbegantospeeduptocrossit.埃斯特班已經(jīng)盡最大努力騎了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)，終點(diǎn)線就在眼前，所有的自行車(chē)運(yùn)動(dòng)員開(kāi)始加速通過(guò)終點(diǎn)。[先做]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)①Withsomuchworktodo(do),IwassoanxiousthatIhadtroublesleeping.②Withmoreandmoreforestsdamaging,someanimalsandplantsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.damaging→damaged[后教]with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：(1)with＋賓語(yǔ)＋介詞短語(yǔ)/形容詞/副詞；(2)with＋賓語(yǔ)＋doing，表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行；(3)with＋賓語(yǔ)＋d