上海牛津版9AU3知識點總結(jié)

一、單詞精講1.opinion//n.想法，看法，意見詞組：inone’sopinion__________________2.responsibility//n.責(zé)任拓展：adj.____________________beresponsiblefor……對……負責(zé)responsen.__________________________3.death//n.死，死亡拓展：v.____________________dieof_____________________diefrom_______________die(died,died)v.死；凋零deadadj.無生命的，呆板的dyingadj.臨終的，垂死的4.respect//v.尊重，慎重對待拓展：respectableadj.__________________________5.faithfully//adv.忠實地，忠誠地拓展：faithn.信仰，信任___________________adj.譯：_____________________________________Wearefaithfullistenerstotheprogram.譯：_____________________________________6.mess//n.雜亂，糞便e.g.Thehouseisamess.這個房間又臟又亂。拓展：amessof一大堆…；把…弄糟inamess亂糟糟，一團糟e.g.I'vemadesuchamessofmylife.Therearemanyreasonswhytheeconomyisinsuchamess.7.extremely//adv.極其，非常拓展：extremeadj.極端的，偏激的n.極端，極其偏激的事物8.unhappy//adj.不快樂的，悲傷的拓展：反義詞：____________________副詞：______________________happinessn._________________否定前綴un,加在名詞，形容詞，副詞之前如:unfinished(未完成的);undoubted(無疑的);unhappy(不快樂的)否定前綴in,加在形容詞，名詞之前如：incorrect(不正確的)，inability(無能,無力)，inaccurate(不準(zhǔn)確的)im一加在字母m，b，P之前如：impossible(不可能的)，impolite(不禮貌的)9.surprised//adj.感到驚訝的拓展：besurprisedat因…….感到驚訝同義詞：amazed，shockedsurprising令人驚訝的同類的詞：________________________________________10.shocked//adj.震驚的11.certain//adj.一定（量）的拓展：becertainof/aboutsth.becertainofdoingsthbecertainthat/if/whetherOurteamiscertainofwinning.I’mcertainthatit’snotyourfault.13.goldfish//n.金魚合成詞：n.+n.=n.舉例：________________________________________________14.apologize//v.道歉搭配：apologizefor________________apologizetosb.詞轉(zhuǎn)：n.__________________Makeanapologyforsth.因某事而道歉15.review//n.（書刊、電影等的）評論；v.回顧，檢查二、Phrases詞組．1fromsidetoside從左到右sidebyside肩并肩地；一起2．growup成長；長大3．a(chǎn)ccordingto據(jù)(……所說)…同義句：It’ssaidby4．carefor關(guān)愛拓展：takecareof照顧;lookaftercareabout喜歡5．a(chǎn)saresult因此；結(jié)果拓展：resultfrom起因于6．stop…from阻止某事發(fā)生stoptodosth．stopdoingsth．7.rightnow立即；馬上同義詞：immediatelyadv.atoncee.gWeshouldstartworkrightnow.Whenheheardthenews,herushedoutoftheroomimmediately.8.What'smore而且e．g．What'smore，mostpeopleinmoderncitiesliveinflats．9.payfor為……付錢e．g．Ihavetopay150dollarsforthesewingmachine．其他表示“花費”的詞(1)spend的主語通常是人，往往用于以下句型：(sb)spendsomemoney／sometimeonsth．(sb)spendsomemoney／sometime(in)doingsth．e.g.Ispentfiftyyuanonthecoat=Ispentfiftyyuan(in)buyingthecoat．(2)take常用于“占用、花費”時間，其主語通常為形式主語“it”或物。句式是：Ittakes／tooksb．sometimetodosth=Sth．takessb．sometime．e.g.Ittookmethreeyearstodrawthebeautifulhorses．Theworkwilltakemetwodays．(3)pay為“付款、賠償”之意，主語通常是人，往往是sb．payssomemoneyforsth或paysb．(somemoneyforsth)e．g.IpaidfiftyyuanforthecoatHowmuchdidyoupayhim?(4)cost的主語必須是某物。sth．cost(sb.)somemoney。e.g．Thedictionarycostme$20．10.notonly…butalso…不但……而且……連接主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)和鄰近的主語保持一致。相似的有：neither…nor…;either…or…例句：Heisnotonlyascientistbutalsoaphotographer.Noonlyhebutalsohisparentslikecollectingstamps.三、課文精講1.lt'snicetopickthemupandholdtheminoararms，andit'swonderfultoseethemgrowingup．e．g．It’snicetoknowthatsomebodyappreciateswhatIdo．【知識拓展】it作形式主語主要用于下列兩種情況1．It+is／was+adj．／n．(形容詞或名詞)+todosth．e．g．Itisagoodideatothinkthisway．Itisverykindofyoutogivemeahandintime．2．It+v．+todosth．e.g．Ittookusthreeyearstocompletetheproject．2．Youngpeoplecanlearnhowtocareforothersandhowtorespectalllivingthingsbykeepingapetdog.e.g.Pleaseshowushowtodothat．3.Asmallnumberofpetdogsevenbitepeople.anumberof“許多”；asmallnumberof“一小部分”；alargenumberof“許多；大量”例句：AnumberofpeoplehavealreadyvisitedtheExpoSite.【辨析】anumberof與thenumberofAnumberof表示“一批；一些；許多”；是不定數(shù)量詞，如同alotof,lotsof,several,some一樣。因此，“anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，其謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例句：Therewerealargenumberofpeopleintheroom.Thenumberof表示“……的數(shù)（目）”，thenumber是中心詞，其謂語動詞必須用單數(shù)。例：Thenumberofpeopleintheroomislarge.4.Thismaymakethedogsfeelextremelyunhappy.1）make…feel“使……感到”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)是動詞后跟不帶to的不定式。相同用法的表示使、令、讓、幫、叫等意義的不完全及物動詞（使役動詞）主要有：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________例句：Letmeintroducemyself.2）feel，look，sound，smell，taste等連系動詞后面跟形容詞。例：Annlooksbeautiful.5.payingfordogfoodandvisitingthevetcanbeexpensive.1)payfor“支付”，常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：somebodypaymoneyforsomething例句：_________________________________________2)canbe表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼目赡苄?。例句：___________________3)【辨析】canbe,maybe,mightbe,mustbe它們都可以用來表示可能性，但語氣強弱有所不同。mustbe語氣最強，表示可能性最大；其次是canbe和maybe；mightbe語氣最弱，表示可能性最小。鞏固練習(xí)I.選擇合適的單詞或短語來代替劃線部分。A.Assaidby????????B.wentaway??????C.very???D.departfor?????????E.pleasure????????F.said??????(?)1.Itwasclaimedthatsomedoctorswereworking80hoursaweek.(?)2.Wewereextremelybusybeforetheexamination.(?)3.Itisfullofenjoymenttogoskatingonrealice.(?)4.Accordingtotheweatherreport,itisgoingtorainthisafternoon.(?)5.A:Whenwillyoubeback?B:I’llleaveforhomeinthreedays.II.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Theplanelanded__________atlastafterflyinginthestormforaboutonehour.(safe)2.Pleasereadthepassage___________andthenfinishtheexercises.(care)3.Somethingiswrongwithmyfoot.Ihavetowalk___________.(slow)4.__________,weweren’tcaughtintheheavyrainlastnight.(luck)5.Look!Thefamousactressisdancingvery_____________attheparty.(beautiful)6.Georgefeltverysadattheofhisfather.(die)7.Thestormlastnightwasquite(fright);wewereallgreatly(fright)byit.8.Studentsshouldspendsometimedoingathomeeverydayafterschool.(review)9.“Doyouhaveany?”askedthesalesmanager.(complain)10.Everyonewastodeathinthebigfire.(shock)11.---Madam,doyoumindmysmokinghere?---not.(certain)12.Tothevisitors’greatsurprise,thepeoplethereshowdisagreementbytheirheads.(nod)13.Youspeaktoo(loud).Wouldyousayitalittlemoresoftly?14.It’ssaidthatperhapsthereusedtobethingsonMars.(life)15.Thechildrenenjoyedatthepartylastnight.(they)四、語法一）、情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)I、定義：含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)用來說明某人或某物被動性動作所反映出的感情和態(tài)度。例：1.Manytreesshouldbeplantedinthemountains.應(yīng)該在山上種許多樹。2.Youcantakethisbookhome.（改為被動語態(tài)）→Thisbookcanbetakenhome(byyou).3.Thisproblemcan’tbeworkedoutveryeasily.這道題輕易算不出來。4.Musttheworkbedoneatonce?這項工作必須立即完成嗎？II、含情態(tài)動詞被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成根據(jù)上述例子填寫下列空格A.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞+_____+及物動詞的______。B.含有情態(tài)動詞的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要把主動語態(tài)的_____變成被動語態(tài)的主語。C.變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r只需要在情態(tài)動詞后加D.變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋾r只需把________。________提到句首。III、句式變換含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的疑問句、否定句的變化均需借助于情態(tài)動詞來完成。1.一般疑問句。直接將被動語態(tài)的陳述句中的情態(tài)動詞提到句首。例如：Thisworkmustbedonerightnow.→Mustthisworkbedonerightnow?Hishomeworkshouldbefinishedbeforesix.→Shouldhishomeworkbefinishedbeforesix?由疑問詞加上含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句構(gòu)成。2.特殊疑問句。例如：Wherecanthebookbefound?這本書在什么地方能被找到呢？Whenmustmyhomeworkbehandedin?我的作業(yè)必須什么時候交？3.反意疑問句。附加問句部分要用“情態(tài)動詞+主語”。例如：Thisbookshouldn’tbetakenoutofthelibrary,shouldit?這本書不應(yīng)被帶出圖書館，是嗎？4.否定句。在情態(tài)動詞后面加上not即可。例如：Fourteen-year-oldsshouldnotbeallowedtodrive.十四歲的孩子不應(yīng)該被允許開車。Note【】對于含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句的回答，一般應(yīng)保留原句中的情態(tài)動詞，但must表“必須”時，其否定回答應(yīng)用needn’t。例如：—Shouldmyhomeworkbefinishedtoday?我的作業(yè)應(yīng)在今天完成嗎？—Yes,itshould./No,itshouldn’t.是的，應(yīng)在今天完成。/不，不應(yīng)在今天完成?！狹usthisexercisebookbehandedinrightnow?他的練習(xí)本必須立即上交嗎？—Yes,itmust./No,itneedn’t.是的，必須立即上交。必立即上交。/不，不二）、副詞副詞主要用來修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)。I、副詞的位置：1）在動詞之前。2）在be動詞、助動詞之后。3）多個助動詞時，副詞一般放在第一個助動詞后。注意：a.大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾，但賓語過長，副詞可以提前，以使句子平衡。Wecouldseeveryclearlyastrangelightaheadofus.b.方式副詞well，badly糟、壞，hard等只放在句尾。HespeaksEnglishwell.II、副詞的排列順序：1）時間，地點副詞，小單位的在前，大單位在后。2）方式副詞，短的在前，長的在后，并用and或but等連詞連接。Pleasewriteslowlyandcarefully.3）多個不同副詞排列：程度+地點+方式+時間副詞。副詞very可以修飾形容詞，但不能修飾動詞。(錯)IverylikeEnglish.(對)IlikeEnglishverymuch.副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面，形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。Idon'tknowhimwellenough.Thereisenoughfoodforeveryonetoeat.Thereisfoodenoughforeveryonetoeat.III、副詞的構(gòu)成方法：大多數(shù)副詞都是由“形容詞＋后綴-ly”構(gòu)成的，例如：slowly,heavily,truly,terribly等。形容詞變副詞規(guī)則：①.在形容詞詞尾直接加-ly。如:real-really;helpful-helpfully;careful-carefully;slow-slowly;quick-quickly;quiet-quietly②.以輔音字母加y為i,再加-ly。如:busy-busily;angry-angrily;easy-easily③.某些以輔音字母加不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾和以-ue結(jié)尾的形容詞要先去掉然后再加-y或-ly。y結(jié)尾的形容詞要變e,如:terrible-terribly;true-truly;gentle-gently注意:friendly;motherly;lovely，weekly，lively等詞是形容詞而非副詞。④.英語中還有少數(shù)與形容詞同形的副詞，例如：daily,early,fast,hard,high,long,near,straight,well等。判斷下列單詞的詞性：thehighjump跳高項目（）tojumphigh跳得高（）afastcar行得快的汽車（）todrivefast開快車（）anearlyriser早起的人（）togetupearly起得早（）astraightline直線（）Gostraightahead.一直朝前走。（）⑤.副詞還可以由形容詞加前綴如:loud(adj.)-aloud(adv.)⑥.部分名詞加后綴也可變成副詞,如:part---partly。a-得來,例:Itispartlyherfault.有部分是她的錯。注:friendly;motherly;lovely等詞是形容詞而非副詞。練習(xí)鞏固一、選擇題1.treesusuallyinApril?A.Have,plantedB.Are,plantedC.Do,plantD.Were,planted2.Whenwegotthere,thebrokenroadrepaired.3.Thewindowsoftheroomonceaweek.A.hasbeencleaned4.In1620,abouthalftheUSAforests.5.Theyoungtreethestick.6.Apresentmebymyfriendonmybirthday.7.Bywasthebook?A.who,wroteB.whom,writeC.whom,writtenD.whom,writing8.Filmsaboutcrimeandviolence（暴力與犯罪）byyoungchildren.9.Inwarmweatherfruitandmeatlong.A.can’tbekept10.Halftheworld’stelephonecallsinEnglish.11.Thatbuildingnow.12.ThetreesinourschooleveryFridayafternoon.13.More“GreatGreenWalls”mustallovertheworld.14.Hisschoolbagbyawomantenminutesago.15.Itthatsheveryclever.A.wassaid,isB.wassaid,wereC.issaid,isD.issaid,isbeing16.Yesterdayavisitorsomethingabouthishometown.17.Ifyouarenotfreetoday,comeanotherday__________.A.too????B.so????C.instead???D.yet18.Hecan'ttellus________,Ithink.A.importantanything???????????B.anythingimportant?C.importantsomething?????????D.somethingimportant.19.Thelightintheofficewasn't________forhimtoread.A.enoughbright????B.brightenough???C.brightly????D.enoughbrightly20.Youmustkeepyoureyes_________whenyoudoeyeexercises.A.close????B.open??????C.closed?????D.opened21.Don'tworry,sir.I'msureIcanrun_________tocatchupwiththem.A.slowlyenough?B.enoughslowly?C.fastenough?D.enoughfast22.Thetextisveryeasyforyou.Thereare________newwordsinit.A.afew?B.alittle?C.few?D.little23.Mingminggotupvery_______,sohecametoschoolhalfanhour______.A.late;lately?B.lately;late?C.lately;lately?D.late;late24.Iam________worriedaboutyparents'healthyconditions.A.sometimes?B.sometime?C.sometimes?D.sometimes25."A______accidenthappenedat7:30a.m."saidthepoliceman_______.A.serious,serious?B.seriously,seriously?C.seriously,serious?D.serious,seriously26.Thecakesmells______.Pleasethrowitaway.A.good?B.badly?C.bad?D.well27.---Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?---Itwasterrible.Itrainedso________thatpeoplecould_______goout.A.hardly…h(huán)ard???B.hardly…h(huán)ardly????C.hard…h(huán)ardly??D.hard…h(huán)ard28.---Dad,whenwillyoubefree??Youagreedtogototheseasidewithmefourdaysago.---Iamsorry,Jean.ButIthinkIwillhavea______holidaysoon.?A.four-days?????B.four-day???C.fourdays????D.fourday二.用正確的時態(tài)和語態(tài)填空1.Nearlyeverybodyhere（know）whentheoldmuseum（build）.2.Thebuildingcan（see）fromeverypartofthecity;It（build）manyyearsago.3.YesterdayTom（tell）met