高中英語語音教學(xué)課件

語音一、音素和音節(jié)

48個音素：20個元音，28個輔音。音標(biāo)是標(biāo)記每個詞或字母的讀音的書面符號，放在【】或//內(nèi)。稱為國際音標(biāo)。元音單元音(長、短)前元音中元音后元音雙元音輔音清輔音濁輔音爆破音摩擦音破擦音鼻音舌側(cè)音半元音二、音節(jié)：由一個元音或一個元音和一個或幾個輔音構(gòu)成。音節(jié)重讀音節(jié)非重讀音節(jié)開音節(jié)閉音節(jié)開音節(jié)：①以一個元音字母結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)。②一個元音字母后又有一個輔音字母（r除外）再加e的重讀音節(jié)。閉音節(jié)：以一個元音字母，后面又跟一個或幾個輔音字母（r除外）的重讀音節(jié)。三、元音字母在重讀開、閉音節(jié)中的讀音：重讀開音節(jié)重讀閉音節(jié)a【】【】e【】【】i【】【】o【】【】u【】【】【】y【】【】一、音素和音節(jié)

48個音素：20個元音，28個輔音。音標(biāo)是標(biāo)記每個詞或字母的讀音的書面符號，放在【】或//內(nèi)。稱為國際音標(biāo)。元音單元音(長、短)前元音中元音后元音雙元音輔音清輔音濁輔音爆破音摩擦音破擦音鼻音舌側(cè)音半元音二、音節(jié)：由一個元音或一個元音和一個或幾個輔音構(gòu)成。音節(jié)重讀音節(jié)非重讀音節(jié)開音節(jié)閉音節(jié)開音節(jié)：①以一個元音字母結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)。②一個元音字母后又有一個輔音字母（r除外）再加e的重讀音節(jié)。閉音節(jié)：以一個元音字母，后面又跟一個或幾個輔音字母（r除外）的重讀音節(jié)。三、元音字母在重讀開、閉音節(jié)中的讀音：重讀開音節(jié)重讀閉音節(jié)a【】【】e【】【】i【】【】o【】【】u【】【】【】y【】【】四、字母組合的讀音1、r字母組合字母組合發(fā)音例詞ar【】er【】ir【】or【】ur【】2、a字母組合字母組合發(fā)音例詞字母組合發(fā)音例詞aiaualawairayareass3、e字母組合字母組合發(fā)音例詞字母組合發(fā)音例詞eeeareaeireieerewere4、o和i字母組合字母組合發(fā)音例詞字母組合發(fā)音例詞oaoooiowoyighououghoul5、輔音字母及其組合字母組合發(fā)音例詞字母組合發(fā)音例詞pfbvtsdzktrgdr5、輔音字母及其組合字母組合發(fā)音例詞字母組合發(fā)音例詞tshdsjmrnquwckysh5、輔音字母及其組合字母組合發(fā)音例詞字母組合發(fā)音例詞cghgknlngsthchxwrwh6、某些字母及其組合的特殊讀音字母組合發(fā)音例詞字母組合發(fā)音例詞aoalouarghorseagndgetchmbtition7、-s(es)結(jié)尾與-ed結(jié)尾的讀音加s(es)加ed結(jié)尾是清輔音結(jié)尾是濁輔音結(jié)尾是s/x/ch/sh結(jié)尾是t/d根據(jù)拼讀規(guī)則讀出下列單詞：talesightingwitnesscasemurderprogresslatelythickstatedustydarkbackpackbitenotesunrisedawnspotclaimformbraveartistfresharmypicktaskindeed五、因名詞復(fù)數(shù)、合成詞、派生詞等引起的因變根據(jù)拼讀規(guī)則讀出下列單詞：millheedleakbidtankgeesepodsoughtsummateguardpeachdinelapcopfaithsighseizemashrakelatchcheervainwed

語法詞類實(shí)詞名詞nounn.代詞pron.數(shù)詞num.形容詞adj.或a.副詞adv.或ad.動詞verbv.vt.vi.虛詞冠詞art.介詞prep.連詞conj.感嘆詞int.說出下列單詞的詞性：discoverdialoguebananabutelevenfromhappynowwhatwritenearoftenveryshortthinkusuallywhenuntilninththeirbeautyahathedecidepopularstillwellLilyIbeforehardbeyondhairriseraisehappenmustbeshalldoes構(gòu)詞法一、合成合成名詞basketballspaceshipboyfriendsupermarketgreenhousehandwritingshoemaking

合成形容詞warm-heartedfive-storeyedman-madefirst-classsecond-handhardworkingnewly-builtwell-knowntwo-dayfive-year-old100-metre

合成介詞insidethroughoutwithin用下列兩組詞中的任意一個組成一個合成詞：☆sunheadearthflashplayhairhandbrainsightsleepfiregoldeverwaterhomecomputer☆

quakeshakecutriseacheboylightwashingfishseeingtownwalkingmanlastingproofsick構(gòu)詞法二、派生

前綴否定前綴unhappyunimportantunknownunlockimpolitemisspelldisagreedisappear

非否定前綴encourageenrichenlargeenable猜測下列單詞的漢語意思：disobeyincompleteirresponsiblenonsmokerunexpectedunforgettableunwrapmisleadmalnutritioncooperatemicrophonemini-skirtoverworkanti-warinterpersonalpost-warpre-schoolrebuildbilingualmultimediasemi-circletricycletelescopeempowerendangervice-presidenttransplant后綴

名詞后綴-er-or-ess-ian-ist-ment–tion-ship-hood-th-ing-ness

形容詞后綴-able-ible-al-ic-ical-ish-ful-less-ly-en-ern-y-ous-ant-ed-ing

副詞后綴-lyfully-ward(s)afterwardswestward

動詞后綴-enreddendeepen

數(shù)詞后綴-teen-ty-th構(gòu)詞法

三、轉(zhuǎn)化

名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞emailwrong

形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞slowdown

動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞smelllove

形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞finaldaily猜測下列單詞的漢語意思：kingdombraverymouthfulgirlhoodsocialismhardshipLondonerteenagerlionessbookletrefusalstarvationemployeremployeesilencerselfishnesssimple-mindedsuccessfulcolorlessmonkeylikebrotherlyhairydrinkabletalkativequickenbeautifymodernize構(gòu)詞法

四、縮寫和簡寫

1.剪切法photolab2.混成法brunchmotel3.首字母縮略法BBCwwwUFOVIPDIYWTOUNISECO猜測下列單詞的漢語意思：adprofmemomikestereoflufridgeEUe.g.H.K.L.A.MITIDI.O.U.AIDSAPEC句子種類按使用目的和交際功能分陳述句（肯定式、否定式）疑問句祈使句(表示命令、請求等）感嘆句（what/how)Therebe句型一般疑問句特殊疑問句選擇疑問句反意疑問句句子種類按句子結(jié)構(gòu)分簡單句并列句（常見的并列連詞andbutorforhoweverthusthereforeyetwhilewhenneither…nor..either…or...notonly…butalso…）復(fù)合句（由一個主句和一個或多個從句構(gòu)成的句子）S+VS+V+OS+V+PS+V+IO+DOS+V+O+C句子種類復(fù)合句名詞性從句定語從句狀語從句主語從句表語從句賓語從句同位語從句限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句時間地點(diǎn)原因目的結(jié)果條件讓步比較方式程度Somepeoplelovehimwhileothershatehim.Whenweshallmeetagainhasn’tbeendecidedyet.Thatsheisgoodatmusicisknowntousall.Theproblemiswhetheryoucandoityourselves.Idon’tknowwhatyoureallymean.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.Thisisthehousewherehelived10yearsago.Hisfather,whois43yearsold,worksinafactory.Ifitdoesn’train,Iwillgoout.例句簡單句五種基本句型歌訣英語句子萬萬千，五大句型把線牽。句型種類看動詞，后接成分是關(guān)鍵。系詞之后接表語，不及物后無需連。及物又可分兩類，單賓雙賓最常見。還有賓語補(bǔ)足語，各種搭配記心間。句子成分巧記歌訣主謂賓表定狀補(bǔ)，七種成分記清楚。句子主干主謂賓（表），枝葉成分定狀補(bǔ)。定語修飾主賓表，賓語之后常有補(bǔ)。主謂人稱數(shù)一致，狀語位置最靈活。說出下列簡單句的種類：ThestoryhappenedinLondonin1897.Myrecentbooksellswell.Farmersinourareagrowlotsofvegetables.Shelaidthepapersonmydesk.Weshouldremainmodestatanytime.Allhisdreamshavecometrue.ShepromisedmeanicegiftonChristmasday.說出下列簡單句的種類：8.Willyoupleasepassthebooktome?9.Myparentsboughtabicycleforme.10.Wehavemadeourschoolabeautifulgarden.11.Thegirlsawtwomenenterthehouse.12.Icanhearsomeoneplayingtheviolinnextdoor.13.Nobodynoticedtheofficebrokeninto.14.Theypaintedthedoorred.常見的連系動詞：be(am,is,are)seemappearstayremainkeepbecomegetturngrowgocomefallprovelooksmellsoundtastefeelWearewhatweeat.句子成分：主語：表示所說的是誰或是什么名詞Thebookisnew.代詞Heismyfather.數(shù)詞Thefirstisbetterthantheothers.不定式Toworkwithhimismywish.動名詞Playingwithfireisdangerous.詞組Aknifeandforkisonthetable.從句Whatweneedismoretime.句子成分：表語：說明主語的特征、類別、狀態(tài)或身份名詞Heisadoctor.代詞Thebookismine.數(shù)詞Twotimesthreeissix.形容詞、副詞Heispolite./Myfatherisout.不定式動名詞Hiswishistobecomealawyer.Myjobisteaching.分詞介詞短語Iamexcitedathissuccess.Heisalwaysinahurry.從句Thisiswhathewantstosay.句子成分：賓語：表示動作的承受者名詞Weloveourschool.代詞Shecandressherself.數(shù)詞I’vegotonlythree.不定式Iwantedtogothere.動名詞Heisfondofplayingfootball.從句Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.句子成分：賓語補(bǔ)足語：在賓語后補(bǔ)足賓語的內(nèi)容名詞Ifindhimanhonestboy.形容詞Hisdeathmademesad.分詞Hekeptmewaitingforanhour.不定式Iaskhimtohavearest.介詞短語Ifoundtheoldmaninbadhealth.句子成分：定語：用來修飾名詞或代詞名詞HeisanEnglishteacher.代詞Pleaseshowmeanotherbook.數(shù)詞形容詞副詞Thefifthlessonisveryeasy.Themanupstairsisadoctor.不定式Ihavealotofworktodotoday.動名詞Whataniceswimmingpool!分詞Pleasebringmeboiledwater.從句Iknowtheboywhoisstandingthere.句子成分：同位語：說明其前一名詞或代詞的具體內(nèi)容名詞OurteacherMr.Liisverykind.代詞Weeachhaveabook.數(shù)詞Wetwowillgotoseeyou.從句ThenewsthathewillvisitChinaistrue.句子成分：狀語：用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子名詞Hewalked20miles.形容詞副詞Shesmiled,fullofhappiness.不定式Hestoppedtohavearest.介詞短語Theyareplayingontheplayground.分詞Givenmoretime,Icandoitbetter.從句獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)We’llgowherewearemostneeded.Herushedout,guninhand.鞏固訓(xùn)練Whatyousaidjustnowhasnothingtodowiththematterwe’rediscussing.Judgingfromhisaccent,heisfromHunan.It’sapitythatyoudidn’treadthebook.ShewastheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishLiterature.Nancy’sEnglishisbetterthananyoneelse’sinherclass.Thereoughttobenotroublebecauseheknewtheanswers.說出下列句子劃線部分的成分鞏固訓(xùn)練7.Doesitmatterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?8