不定式知識梳理 高考英語一輪語法復習

不定式不定式的形式語態(tài)形式時態(tài)形式主動式被動式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進行式tobedoing完成進行式tohavebeendoing(不常用)不定式的一般式不定式的一般式表示的動作通常時間性不強，與謂語動詞表示的動作沒有時間先后順序I’mpleasedtoseeyouhere.Iamexpectingtohearfromyou.Iwouldlikeyoutostayovertheweekendwithme.不定式的完成式不定式的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前，強調動作的先后順序I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.Sheissaidtohavestudiedabroadlastyear.Theboypretendedtohaveknowntheanswer.不定式的進行式不定式的進行式表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時進行Maryseemstobethinkingdeeply.Thechildrenpretendedtobereadingaloudwhentheteachercamein.IhappenedtobewatchingTVwhenshecalled.不定式的被動形式不定式的被動式只有一般式和完成式Sheaskstobetreatedequally.Theradioneedstoberepaired.Theroomseemstohavebeenbrokenin.ThetelephoneisconsideredtohavebeeninventedbyBell.動詞不定式的用法：一、作主語A.動詞不定式作主語，謂語動詞用單數形式。（可由it作形式主語,而將真正的主語不定式后置。）1.Topointoutthemistakesyouhavemadeismychiefpurpose.2.Tobecomeaslaveistogiveupone'sfreedom.3.Itisimpossibleforhimtogiveupsmoking.4.Togettherebyairwilltakeyouonlyabouttwohours.=Itwilltakeyouonlyabouttwohourstogettherebyair.B:Itis+adj.+forsbtodosth.5.對于學生們來說，理解這篇文章很容易。Itiseasyforthestudentstounderstandthisarticle.6.對于一個十幾歲的中學生來說，每天打3小時的電腦游戲將是非常有害的。Itwillbeveryharmfulforateenagerstudenttoplaycomputergamesfor3hoursaday.C:Itis+adj.ofsbtodosth.這些形容詞是：kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,wrong,right,foolish,stupid,careless,rude,polite,naughty.7.你太愚蠢了借給那個騙子那么多錢。It’sfoolishofyoutolendsomuchmoneytothatcheat.8.他這么年輕就輟學了實在太不明智。Itwasunwiseofhimtodropoutofschoolsoyoung.9.我媽媽今天提醒我?guī)弦话延陚?，真是考慮的太周到了?？?！下雨了。Itisveryconsiderateofmymothertoremindmetotakeanumbrellawithmetoday.Look!itisraining.二、作賓語通常后接不定式作賓語的動詞及短語總結：ask,arrange,choose,demand(要求),plan,,intend,mean(計劃),manage,learn,wish,hope,desire,expect,long（渴望）,want,wouldlike,shouldlike,wouldprefer,agree,promise(同意),decide,determine,offer(主動提出),apply(申請),help(幫助),fail(不能、沒有),prepare(準備),pretend(假裝),refuse(拒絕),happen(碰巧),afford(負擔得起),itisuptosbtodosth（該由某人做),sbissaidtodo（據說某人做……）等。鞏固檢查：不定式作賓語的動詞句型漢譯英1.要求做...___________________________2.安排做..._________________________3.選擇做..._________________________4.計劃做..._________________________5.打算做..._________________________6.設法做成..._________________________7.學習做..._________________________8.希望做...__________________________9.渴望做..._________________________10.同意做...__________________________11.允諾做...__________________________12.喜歡做...___________________________13.決定做...____________________________14.假裝做...____________________________15.拒絕做...____________________________16.碰巧做...___________________________17.幫助某人做..._______________________18.申請做...____________________________19.準備做...___________________________20.負擔的起做..._________________________21.未能做...___________________________22.應該做某事_________________________23.全力以赴做某事_____________________24.努力做某事________________________25.有思想準備做某事__________________26.不辭辛苦地做某事__________________27.很可能做___________________________28.竭盡全力做________________________不定式短語作賓語時，如果還帶有賓語補足語，往往把不定式短語放在賓補之后，而用it作形式賓語。句型為“主語+find(feel,think,believe,consider,etc)+it+形容詞/名詞+todosth”。1.Weconsideritourresponsibilitytoloveourcountry.2.他認為有必要把這件事向領導匯報。Hethoughtitnecessarytoreportthethingtotheleader.3.我覺得懂得如何急救是至關重要的。Ifinditvitaltoknowhowtodofirstaid.不定式作某些介詞的賓語。①不定式在介詞but,except,besides,otherthan后面時,如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do(非助動詞)的各種形式時,那么這些介詞后面的不定式不帶to,否則帶to。e.g.1.Shecoulddonothingbutcry.2.Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?3.Hehadnochoicebuttoflee.4.Therewasnothingformetodootherthanwaituntilthemeetingwasover.5.TheoldmanhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.②當句子的謂語動詞是can’t,can’thelp,can’tchoose等結構時,but,except,besides后的不定式to也省略。6.Wecan’tbutadmirehisbravery.7.Wecan’tchoosebutwait.8.SheissuchalovelygirlthatIcan’thelpbutloveher.三、作表語不定式作表語可以表示主語的具體內容、目的等1.Acomedian'sworkistomakepeoplelaugh.2.Herwishistodevoteherlifetohelpingthoseinneed.四、作賓語補足語A.不帶符號to的賓語補足語在感官動詞（see,hear,feel,listento,notice,watch,observe等）和使役動詞（let,have，make）后的補足語中，不定式不帶to。但這類句子變成被動語態(tài)時，必須帶to。1.Isawhimplayinthepark.→Hewasseentoplayinthepark.2.Thebossmadethosemenworkdayandnight.→Thosemenweremadetoworkdayandnight.帶符號to的賓語補足語接動詞不定式作賓補的動詞有：advise,allow,permit,ask,tell,want,order,wish,expect,help,get,invite,persuade,cause,remind,teach,train,warn,bear,encourage,beg,request,force,oblige,drive,demandof,command,elect,forbid,callon等。(sb.+todosth.)1.Thedoctoradvisedhernottoeattoomuchsugar.2.FinallyIpersuadedmybrothertogotoKunmingbyairinsteadofbytrain.3.Thegovernmentcallsonustoprotectourenvironment.練習：翻譯句子1．他發(fā)現入睡很困難。_________________________________________________對他來說，最重要的事情就是拯救生命。_________________________________________________3．經常聽到她在隔壁唱歌。_________________________________________________語法填空Iintend(take)fulladvantageofthistriptobuythethingsweneed.Whateverdifficultyyouhavecommunicatingwithyourclassmates,don'thesitate_____(ask)meforadvice.Heagreed_________(help)mewithmyEnglish.Thedesignofthebicyclehasmanaged(reduce)theeffectsofwindresistanceanddrag(空氣阻力）.Ican’tstandworkingwithJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses (stop)talkingwhilesheisworking.Manystudentschoose (study)oneofthelanguagesthatarespokenintheUN.Hismothercouldn’tafford (pay)forherchild’seducation.Wordsfailed (convey)myfeelingswhenIsawmymotherforthefirsttimeafterworkingfiveyearsabroad.Mostpeoplewouldlike_____(cheer)ontheirfavoriteplayers.Ididn’tmean________(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelptryingit.作定語不定式作定語可以用來修飾人和物，一般放在被修飾名詞的后面。一般當中心詞為序數詞、最高級，thelast,theonly，thenext等或中心詞被這類詞修飾時多用不定式作定語Hewasthefirstguesttoarrive.Iamtheonlymantohearthenews.Ihavealotofproblemstosolve.Youraretherightpersontodothejob.2.下列名詞后常接動詞不定式作定語：ability,attempt,chance,courage,decision,effort,failure,promise,way,wish等。Butshegaveupthechancetogoabroad.Thewaytosolvetheproblemisfound.3.如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞，其后應由必要的介詞。1）Jazzisexcitingmusictolistento.2)I’mlookingforaroomtolivein.作狀語不定式作狀語主要表示原因、目的、結果等作原因狀語放在系表結構后面，表示產生某種情緒或狀態(tài)的原因I’msorrytohearyouwereill.ShewassurprisedtoseeGeorgewalkin.I’mashamedtohavetotroubleyou.作目的狀語不定式可以單獨作目的狀語，有時為了突出和強調目的性，在不定式前可以加上inorder,soasAfriendofminecametoseemelastnight.Tosucceed,onemustfirstofallbelieveinhimself.Inordertokeepwarm,weshutallthewindows.Sheraisedhervoicesoastomakeherselfheard.作結果狀語不定式表示結果，常用在too...to,enough...to,so/such...asto結構中。有時可指出人意料的結果，這時不定式前加上only,以加強語氣Thechildisoldenoughtodresshimself.Wehurriedtothestationonlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.作評論性狀語有些不定式是用來表明說話者的觀點和態(tài)度的，放在句子以外，修飾整個句子，我們稱之為評論性狀語totellyouthetruth

說老實話；tobeginwith首先；tosaynothingof姑且不說；sotospeak可以這么說；tobesure誠然，固然；tobeexact精確地說；todohimjustice說句對他公道的話；tomakealongstoryshort長話短說；tobefrank坦率地說；tobebrief

簡言之；toconclude

總而言之。Tobehonest,Ijustdon’tlikeTagore’spoems.Heisaniceperson,tobesure.相關練習：Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone______________(repair)isthelibrary.WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank___________(buy)presentsformydad.Wewereastonished____________(find)thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.______________(improve)theworkingefficiency,thebossallowstheemployeestohaveacoffeebreak.Peopleindevelopedcountriesaresupposed____________________(have)morehealthyfoodbeforethanwhattheyhavetoday.--Ididn’tmean________________________(hurt)her.--Buttalkingliketatmeans__________________________(hurt)herAlltheChinesepeopleareexpectingthegovernment’sfinancialplan_____________________(carry)outaroundthecountry.Ifyouplan _______(buy)anapartment，pleasedon’tforget __________(check)thesurroundings.9.Wordsfailed ____________ (convey)myfeelingswhenIsawmymotherforthefirsttimeafterworkingfiveyearsabroad.10.Theyareoccasionsthatallowus_________________(relax)andenjoylife.11.Thegovernmenttookimmediatemeasures_____________________(ensure)people’slivesandsafety.12.Ishallbepleasedtohavetheopportunity______________________(go)abroad.13.Sheshowedthemtheway________________(do)it.14.Motherhadme_______________(go)totheshopandbuysomesalt.語法填空：2022年新高考全國二卷HenryTylermadethecatchoftheyearontheweekend.Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth-floorapartmentbalcony（陽臺）,Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2-metr