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高考英語閱讀解題方法指導---
一、猜詞技巧演示課件設問特點:1、從原文中找單詞,短語或句子設問。2、所問詞或句與該詞該句常見意思不同,無法望文生義,只有在具體的上下文中才可判斷準確。3、所考單詞有的是生詞,有的是舊詞新意。4、正確選項的特征是放在原文不僅單句合理,全文也合理。5、錯誤選項或是字面意思,或是故意胡說。。演示課件猜測詞義題目類型1.對考綱外生詞的猜測Theunderlinedword"cultivated"(paragraph1)roughlymeans______.
2.對考綱內熟詞新義的猜測Theunderlinedword“hit”(paragraph1)roughlymeans4.對句義的猜測WhenIgotbackoutintothestreet,theworldseemedbrand-newtome.Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend3.對代詞的猜測
Theunderlinedpart“it”(inPara.4)refersto______.
演示課件詞義理解題常見的題型有:1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_____.2.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?3.Theunderlinedsentence“…”means______.演示課件Howdoyoudealwiththeunfamiliarwordsorphraseswhilereading?IgnorethemandcontinuereadingLookthemupinthedictionaryGuessthemeaning演示課件1.Hewould______thegoldfromhisgrandma.2..Unlikehisbrother,Hobartisquite______.Howtoguessthemissingwords?Harveyisathief:hewould______thegoldfromhisgrandmaandnotfeelguilty.stealUnlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsome
person,Hobartisquite____________.ordinary-lookingplain/homely演示課件Skillsforguessingunknownwords:1.Thelionhasits
“territory”,whichisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,claims(聲稱)asitsown.“territory”means___________
anarea(thatown)
動物地盤2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.Theunderlinedwordmeans____.A.strongB.determinedC.kindD.clever定語從句或其后的句子其實是一種定義或解釋演示課件技巧歸納1:
Use__________________________利用__________________________definitionorexplanation
定義或解釋猜測詞義mean,referto,becalled,beknownas,canbedefinedas,inotherwords,thatis,thatistosay,namely,becalled,beidentifiedas,toputitdifferently括號,引號,破折號,定語從句…..etc.演示課件Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots(嫩芽),oryoungleavesoftrees.Theword“pruning”means______A.RegularcuttingoftheplantsB.FrequentwateringC.RegularuseofchemicalsD.Growingtheplantshighinthemountain技巧歸納2:Using________________________________
根據________________________________commonsenseorexperience普通常識和經驗演示課件技巧歸納3:利用____________________from___________________2.Theperiodofadolescence,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort.
A少兒期B幼兒期
C青春期D成人期同義/同位語similarity/appositive1.Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today.“ocelot”means_________________anendangeredwildcat演示課件Thelargestplayer–ShanghaiBashiTourismCarCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices,suchasdeluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches.Santanasedansarethebigfavoriteofthetourists.…Theunderlinedwordsusedinthetextreferto____.A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakers技巧歸納4:利用_____________舉例fromexamplesSignalwords:forexample,forinstance,suchas,like,as,etc.演示課件技巧歸納5:利用________________From_________________1.Thesnowwasfalling.Bigflakesdrifted(飄)withthewindlikefeathers.2.Unlikeher
gregarioussister,Janeisashypersonwhodoesnotliketogotopartiesormakenewfriends.雪花,雪片愛交際的比較或對比
comparisonorcontrastSignalwords:
as,like,thesameas,unlike,but,however,onthecontrary,while,instead…ect.演示課件技巧歸納6:
利用__________________From__________________________(1)Overworkmaycausediseases.over(過分的、過量的)+work=overwork“工作過度”。(2)Therewasadissatisfiedlookinthemanager'seyes.dis
“不”
+satisfied“滿意的=dissatisfied“不滿意的”。構詞法(前綴、后綴、復合、派生等)Wordformation演示課件合成Compounding
轉化Conversion派生Derivation構詞法Wordformationprefixsuffix演示課件
表否定un-,non-,in-,dis-
表相反un-,de-,dis-,counter-
錯誤失當mis-,mal-,pseudo-
表向背pro-,anti-
表程度arch-,super-,ultra-,
over-,under-,mini-,semi-,
表時間pre,fore-,post-
表方位sub-,inter-,trans-
prefixdecontroltransplantcounterattack解除控制
移植
反擊
演示課件suffix-able(能…的)-less(無,不)wards(向)-ship(身份;資格;權力;性質)-some(易于…的)hood(狀態(tài);性質;時期)-ish
(如…的;有點兒…的)-proof(防…的;不能穿透的)-scape
(景)-most(最…的)waterproofstreetscapeinnermostspeechless演示課件
Heissaidtobe“undersized’’with“shortlegs’’anda“roundstomach”.(08廣東卷)TalesofthesupernaturalarecommoninallpartsofBritain.(08廣東卷)Theycaughttheemotionallandscapefromheartbreaktojoy,butsharetheundeniablelongingforrecoveryandhope.(2010深一模)派生Derivation小尺寸的;較矮小的;超自然的風景不可否認的演示課件Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend,…h(huán)isverystrange,dustyfelthat,hisfunnyaccentfromwho-knows-where
(06廣東卷)合成Compounding
誰都不知是什么地方
演示課件Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.
(08廣東卷)Sherestedherselfagainstapostclosetothetracks.(09廣東卷)轉化Conversionv.—n.發(fā)言,發(fā)表意見n.—v.倚靠演示課件1.Isheintelligentorstupid?2.MostwomeninGhanatheeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved.Theunderlinedword“illiterate”inthepassagemeans____.A.RepeatedB.reiterated.CuneducatedD.sickclever技巧歸納7:
利用___________________________From__________________________同義詞或反義詞的關系猜詞。
SynonymorAntonym.演示課件1.Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior(上司),itwouldbepresumptuous
ofmetotellyouwhattodo.”Theword“presumptuous”isclosestinmeaningto“
”.A.fullofrespect
B.rudeandtooconfident
C.lackinginexperience
D.tooshyandquiet
B技巧歸納8:利用______________________From_______________________原因與結果關系猜詞fromCauseandResultSignalwords:
because,so,sothathence,thereforeAsaresult,assince,for,thus演示課件
Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest技巧歸納9:Use_____________________________
利用_____________________________workedasanengineer.contextorrelatedinformation上下文的語境演示課件利用上下文熟詞新義生活常識找信息詞指代關系演示課件1.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?2.Themayormadeanaddresstothecitizensatthemeetingyesterday.imaginespeech演示課件(福建卷)RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear,equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.64.Thephrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans______. A.cleaningupB.takingin C.wipingoutD.givingout演示課件WhenIfirstbecameareporterIknewamanwhogaveupaverywellpaidrespectablejobattheDailyTelegraphtogoandeditasmallweeklynewspaper.AtthetimeIwasastonishedbywhatappearedtometobehiscompletelyabnormal(反常的)mentalstate.HowcouldanyoneturnhisbackonFleetStreetincentralLondonforasmalllocalarea?Theunderlinedphrase“turnhisbackon”mostprobablymean_____. A.leavefor B.returnto C.giveup D.relyon演示課件(全國卷I)Ifyourchildisunwillingtodiscusssomething,don’tinsisthetellyouwhat’sonhismind.Themoreyouinsist,themorelikelythathe’llclamup.
69.Whatdoesthephrase“clamup”inParagraph2probablymean? A.becomeexcited B.showrespect C.refusetotalk D.seekhelp演示課件Asawoman,Ifeelunsafehere.IspendabombontaxisbecauseIwillnottakepublictransportafter10p.m.Iusedtouseit,butnowI’mafraid.(14廣東卷)58.Theunderlinedpart“it”refersto______. A.ataxi B.themoney C.abomb D.publictransportthis,that,it,them,one等代詞指代內容一般是在此詞的前面,理解上下文特別是上句的意識和本句的意思是解題的關鍵.演示課件猜詞技巧Tipsforguessingthemeaningofwords1.利用定義或解釋2.利用普通常識和經驗3.利用同義/同位語4.利用舉例
5.利用比較或對比6.利用構詞法(前綴、后綴、復合、派生等)7.利用同義詞或反義詞8.利用原因與結果關系猜詞9.利用上下文的語境演示課件1.Agoodteacherworksinquiteadifferentway.Hisaudiencetakeanactivepartinhisplay:theyaskandanswerquestions,theyobeyorders,andiftheydon’tunderstandsomething,theysayso.Theword“audience”intheparagraphmeans____.A.studentsB.peoplewhowatchaplayC.peoplewhoactonthestageD.peoplewholistentosomething常識teacherstudents演示課件﹡﹡
2.Whensomekindofpainkiller(止痛藥)wasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective(無效的).Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”meansthatthecolours_______AttractedthecustomersstronglyHadweakeffectsonthecustomersTrickedthecustomersintoshoppingCausedthecustomerstoloseinterest
D因果關系because演示課件﹡
3.Collinsdecidedthatshemustgo,althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany,forexample,theunbearableheat,thepossibilityofgettinglost,thepresenceofwildanimalsandpoisonoussnakes.“hazard”means___________________A.pleasure,B.problem,C.danger,D.attractionC舉例forexample演示課件﹡﹡﹡
4.
Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.AmongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsocietyTheunderlinedphrase“themostvocal”means______ThosewhotrytheirbesttowinThosewhovaluecompetitionmosthighlyThosewhoareagainstcompetitionmoststronglyThosewhorelyonothersmostforsuccessC上下文語境contextorrelatedinformation演示課件
﹡﹡﹡
5.Withoutexaminations,employerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfromfamiliesknowntothem-aformoffavoritism
willreplaceequality.
Theword“favoritism"isusedtodescribethephenomenonthat________.
A.brightchildrenalsoneedcertificatestogetsatisfyingjobs
B.childrenfromwell-respectedschoolstendtohavegoodjobs
C.poorchildrenwithcertificatesarefavoredinjobmarkets
D.childrenattendingordinaryschoolsachievegreatsuccess
破折號(定義或同位語)演示課件﹡6.Grown-upsalsohaveasenseofobjectpermanence.Thatistosay,ifweputaboxinaroomandlockthedoor,theboxwillstillbetherewhenwecomeback.“Objectpermanence”meansthatwhenoutofsight,anobject______StillexistsB.keepsitsshapeC.StillstayssolidD.isbeyondreachA1.定義definitionthatistosay
也就是說2.構詞法permanent—permanence演示課件﹡﹡7.Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;instead,itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"hassle“probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthought
C.asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble
D.ademandmadebyguests
比較comparison(instead—相反,反而)演示課件8.WilliamShakespearesaid.“Thewebofourlifeisofamingled
yarn(紗線),goodandilltogether.”Theunderlinedword“mingled”mostprobablymeans
.A.simple
B.mixed
C.sad
D.happyBdefinitionorexplanation
定義或解釋猜測詞義演示課件﹡9.Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside,butinsideitwasveryexotic
withfascinatingobjectsondisplay.Ashebeganputtingthemintohisbag,agodcameintotheroom.ItstoppedwhenitsawBuster,thenwaggeditstailmadlyandwentovertohim,lickinghisoutstretchedhand.“Goodboy,”Busterwhispered.“Whatagreatguarddogyouaretryingtolickmetodeath.”
Whichofthedefinitionsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“exotic”?AMessyanduntidy.
B.Richandexpensive.C.Comfortableandcalming
D.Unusualandforeign.
對比contrastnormal—butunusual演示課件
﹡﹡﹡
10.Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.Whenrestingintheshade,theyarealsowatchingtheskytoseewhatisflyingby,andevenintheheatofthedaytheywillsuddenlystartupandrunamileacrosstheplainstofindoutwhatisgoingon.Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunists”,theauthormeanstosaythatlions____.A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC.Liketotakeadvantageof(利用)otheranimalsD.Liketotakeeverychancetoeat構詞法及下文解釋opportunityist演示課件Practiceinthepassage演示課件11.Hehadbeengettingbetterbutduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.Getworse12.Theanimalwiththelongevityisthegiantlandtortoisewhichcanliveseveralhundredsyears.長壽13.Theyarevertebrates,thatis,animalshavebackbones.文中“vertebrates”的意思是____________脊椎動物演示課件14.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.concentrate/focusherattentionon15.Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod,ordrought.Alongperiodofshortageofrainfall演示課件16.Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?
co(共同的)educational男女同校教育的17.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.
country演示課件Ex2:…“TheDaveyousawonTVwastherealDave,”saysfriendPatWilliams,“Hewasn’tagreatactororagreatspeaker.HewasjustJoeEverybody.”74.“HewasjustJoeEverybody.”(inthelastparagraph)means_____.A.DavewasfamousB.DavewasordinaryC.DavewasshowyD.Davewasshy演示課件Ex3:Andifyou'vegatheredyourfriendsaroundyoutorebuildahappyfamilyatmosphere(氣氛),youmayfearthatsayingnowillbringbackthekindofconflictyougrewupwithordestroytheniceatmosphereyounowenjoyTheunderlinedword"conflict"means_____.dependentlifefiercefightC.badmannersD.painfulfeeling演示課件Ex.4:Provideincentive.Tellyourchildrentheimportanceofsaving.“Foreverydollarheorsheagreestosaveandinvestratherthanspend,youagreetoaddanotherdollartothepot,”saysCathyPareto,expertinmoneyplanning.Theunderlinedword“incentive”inthisparagraphmeans______.AHonorB.praiseC.excitementD.encouragement演示課件PracticeMarkTwainwasnottheauthor’srealname;itwasapseudonym.2.Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod,ordrought.apenname.Alongperiodofshortageofrainfall演示課件Thehousestoodattheendofaquietneatstreet.Thelittledwelling,however,lookedneglectedandcheerless.演示課件福建卷)Forananswer,IcheckedwithTimFlannery,authorofTheWeatherMakers:HowManIsChangingtheClimateandWhatItMeansforLifeonEarth.Inhisbook,hehadchallengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonalemissionstokeeptheworldfromreachingextremelyimportanttippingpoints,suchasthemelting(融化)oftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica.“Tostaybelowthatpoint,weneedtoreduceCO2emissionsby80percent,”hesaid.73.Theunderlinedwords“tippingpoints”mostprobablyreferto A.freezingpoints B.burningpoints C.meltingpoints D.boilingpointssuchas演示課件(廣東卷)“UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.”Differentfrompopularbelief,mostgoodleadersaremade,notborn.Theylearntheirskillsintheireverydaylives.Butwhichdotheydevelop?Howdothey(andhowcanyou)getotherstofollow?Theunderlinedwordroughlymeans____. A.encouraged B.compared C.examined D.developed演示課件
(廣東卷)EachoftheguestsmadeaparticularfussoverKelly,theyoungestone,admiringherdress,herhairandhersmile.Theysaidshewasaremarkablegirltobecarryingcoatsupstairsatherage.Ithoughttomyselfthatweadultsusuallymakeabig“todo”overtheyoungeronebecauseshe’stheonewhoseemsmoreeasilyhurt.Theunderlinedexpression“makeabig“todo”overmeans____. A.showmuchconcernabout B.haveaspecialeffecton C.listjobstobedonefor D.dogoodthingsforbecause演示課件(年四川卷)Pleasestayonpermittedpaths.Otherwiseyoumaydestroydesertplants.Packoutwhatyoupackin,soyouleavenosignsofyourvisit.Itisimportanttokeepinmindthatyouareinanationalparkwherewildlifeexists.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“packoutwhatyoupackin”probablymean?______ A.keepeverythingoutofcampgrounds B.takeawayeverythingyoubringin C.carryallthenecessaryfood D.lookafteryourpersonalbelongings演示課件(2009江西卷)NewarchaeologicaldiscoverssuggestthattradebetweenEuropeandAsiaalongtheSilkRoadprobablybeganinsomeformmanycountriesearlierthanoncethought.Thefindings,coupledwithawideningrangeofscientificandhistoricalresearchcouldaddafascinatingnewpagetotheepicoftheSilkRoad.72.Theword“coupled”inthefirstparagraphcouldbestbereplacedby
. A.producedB.contributed C.doubledD.combined演示課件Westudiedtheboardcritically.Someofuslookedwithoneeyeandheldupcertaincolorsagainsttheblackboard,rockingthesheetstotherightorleftwhileweconjuredupourdesigns.Otherst
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