航海英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力與會(huì)話參考答案

航海英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力與會(huì)話口述題第1章一、口述題1.Pleasesaysomethingaboutyourhometown.請(qǐng)說(shuō)關(guān)于你的家鄉(xiāng)的某事a)Thegeographicalposition,population,andfeaturesofyourhometown你的家鄉(xiāng)的地理位置、人口和特征。.b)Theenvironmentandcustomsofyourhometown.和你家鄉(xiāng)的風(fēng)俗情況。c)Thespecialtiesofyourhometown.你家鄉(xiāng)有什么特別的MyhometownisinJIANGSU(江蘇),thesouthofCHANGJIANG（長(zhǎng)江）riverofChina.Thepopulationinmyhometownisabout500,000.Therearemanyriversinmyhometown.我的家鄉(xiāng)在江蘇，長(zhǎng)江流域以南的中國(guó)。在我的家鄉(xiāng)人口約為50萬(wàn)人。還有在我的家鄉(xiāng)很多河流。Theenvironmentofmyhometownisverybeautiful.Thepeopleofmyhometownarekind-hearted.E.g.sometimestheywillinviteanewfriendtotheirhometohavedinnerwiththeirfamilies.我的家鄉(xiāng)環(huán)境非常優(yōu)美?；氐郊亦l(xiāng)的人民是善良的。例如：他們有時(shí)會(huì)邀請(qǐng)一位新朋友，他們回家后與家人共進(jìn)晚餐。Thespecialtyinmyhometownisthatthepeopletastehot.在我的家鄉(xiāng)特色的是，人們都很熱情。2.Pleasesaysomethingaboutyourself.請(qǐng)談?wù)勀阕约骸)Yourname,age,rank,workingexperiences,hobbies.您的姓名，年齡，職級(jí)，工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，愛(ài)好。b)Yourdailywork.您的日常工作。c)Yoursparetimeactivities.Mynameis…,Iam…yearsold.IcomefromFJ(福建)provinceofChina.NowIamaseniorstudentinXiamenJimeiBecauseIamastudent,somymaintaskisstudy.Inmyspare,Iplaycardsandlistenmusic,sometimesIplayfootballorbasketball.3.Pleasesaysomethingaboutyourfamily.a)Membersofyourfamily.b)Theiroccupations.C)Theirhobbiesandcharacteristics.Therearethreemembersinmyfamily,theyaremyparentsandI.Myfatherisaworker，mymotherisateacherandIamastudent.Myfatherlikestoplaycardsandmymotherlikestolistenmusic.Bothofmyparentsarekindly.4.Yourfavoriteportyouhavecalledat.a)Asimpleintroductionoftheport.c)Reasonswhyyoulikeit.d)Anythingspecialaboutit.MyfavoriteportIhavecalledatisShanghai.ShanghaiportisthelargestportinourcountryandShanghaiisabeautifulcity.TheNangJingroadiswidely,therearemanyshops.Ifyoucalltheport,Ithink,youwillgotoOutShore.AttheOut5.Pleasesaysomethingaboutyourresponsibilitiesonboard.a)Yourpositiononboard.b)yourdailyworkonboard.c)Yourdutiesonboard.Iamthethirdofficerworkinginthedeckdepartment.Asweknow,thethirdofficerisresponsibletothemasterfortheproperperformanceofhisassignedbridgewatchstandingandnavigationalduties.Onboard,myfirstdailyworkiswathckeepingfrom8to12andfrom20to24.myseconddailyworkisinchargeofthemaintanceofthefire-fightingequipmentandlife-savingequipment.Thethird,Iamalsoresponsibleforfireandboatdrills,Ihavetodesignamusterlistandmakecrewtoknowthebestescaperouteclearly.1.what’syourdateofbirth?Mydateofbirthison6th,August,1987.2.what’syourseaman’sbooknumber?Myseaman’sbooknumberis123456789.3.whereareyoufrom?IcomefromChina.4.What’syourcaptain’snationality.Ourcaptain’snationalityisChina.5.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantthingonboard?Ithinkthemostimportantthingonboardissafety.6.Whichportsdoyouoftencallat?WeoftencallatXiamenport.7.WhatisyourfavoriteTVprogram?MyfavoriteTVprogramissport’snew.8.whatisyourfavoritewebsite?MyfavoriteWebsiteisYahoo.9.whatisyourfavoritedayoftheweek?Why?Myfavoritedayoftheweekistoday,becausetodayismybirthday.10.whatisyourfavoritekindofmovie?Myfavoritekindofmovieislovingstory.11.whatisyourfavoritekindofmusic?Myfavoritekindofmusicispopularmusic.12.whatisyourfavoritemagazine?MyfavoritemagazineisReader.13.Whatisthepopulationofyourhometown?Thepopulationofmyhometownis123456.14.whatisthepopulationofyourcountry?Thepopulationofmycountryis123456789.15.whatisthebestthingaboutyourhometown?Thebestthingaboutmyhometownistheclearrivers.16.Whatistheworstthingaboutyourhometown?Theworstthingaboutmyhometownisthebadweather.17.What’syourhometownlike?Myhometownisverybeautiful.18.Doyouhavemanydisastersinyoucountrywhicharecausedbyweather?No,thereisalittledisasterinmycountry.19.WhatsportsdoyouliketowatchonTV?IliketowatchbasketballonTV.20.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostpopularsportintheworld?Ithinkthefootballisthemostpopularsportintheworld.Chartertwo1.Saysomethingabouthowtoapplyforradiopratique.a)Yourship’sparticularsandvoyagebriefs.b)Crewmembers’healthcondition,cargoinformationandship’ssanitaryconditionatpresent.c)Somecertificatesrelatingtoquarantineinspection.Myship’snameisUntope.MycallsignisABCD.Thelengthofmyshipis123meters,thebreadthis23metersandmydraftis9meters.ThisvoyagewewillShanghai.Thereare23crewmembersandonpassengersonboard.TheyareallChineseandingoodhealth.Inthiswehaveloaded12345drybulkcargoes.Thesanitaryofourshipisingoodcondition.Thequarantineofficerwillaskinoculationcertificate,maritimedeclarationofhealth,derattingcertificateandsoon.2.Describetherequirementsonship’sseaworthinessintermsofcertificatesandpaperswhichneedtobecarriedonboard.a)Listmajorcertificatesonboardanddescribetheirparticulars.b)Categorizethosecertificates(classcertificates,statutorycertificates).c)Themanagementofthosecertificates.(1)CargoShipSafetyConstructionCertificate.Thiscertificateshowsthattheconditionofthestructure,machinery,andequipmentwassatisfactoryandtheshipcompliedwiththerelevantrequirementsoftheConvention.(2)CargoShipsafetyradioCertificate.Thiscertificateshowstheshiphavecompliedwiththerequirementsofradioinstallations.(3)MinimumSafetyManningCertificate.Thisistocertifythattheshipwillbeconsideredtobesafetymannedprovidedthatshehasnotlessthannumbersandgradesofpersonnelshowninthiscertificate.(4)InternationalTonnageCertificate.Thisshowstheship’smaindimensions,thegrosstonnageandnettonnage.(5)InternationalLoadLineCertificate.ThisshowsthefreeboardshavebeenassignedandloadlinesshownabovehavebeenmarkedinwiththeConvention.3.Describetheshipboardcustomsformalities.a)Themaindutiesofthecustomsofficers.b)Preparationsbeforecustomsofficers.c)Yourexperiencesyouhaveeverhadwithcustomsofficers.Themaindutiesofthecustomsofficersaretocheckallmatersonboard,cargoes,wineorspirits,cigarettesandnoticethattheport’srules.Beforethecustomsofficersonboard,thecaptainshouldpreparethefollowingdocuments:thecaptain’sdeclaration;theimportcargomanifest,crewlist,storesandprovisionslist,lastportclearanceandsoon.Ihavealittleexperienceswithcustomsofficers,whentheycomeonboard,allcrewmembersshallstayonboard,eachcrewmembercanleaveabout1bottleofwineand10packetsofcigarettesforconsumption.Theothersmustbesealedinthebondedstore.4.Describetheshipboardimmigrationformalities.a)Themaindutiesoftheimmigrationofficers.b)Preparationsbeforeimmigrationofficers.c)Yourexperiencesyouhaveeverhadwithimmigrationofficers.Themaindutiesoftheimmigrationofficersaretocheckthepersonsonboard.Theywanttoknowhowmanycrewmembersandpassengersareonboard.Theyalsowanttoknowwheretheshipcomefromandwhenshewillleave.Togothroughimmigrationformalities,thecaptainshouldpreparecrewlistsandpassengerslists.Thecaptainshouldmusterallhandssothattheofficerscancheckup.Inmyexperiences,whentheimmigrationofficerscomeonboard,wehavebeenmusteredinthesaloonexpectthosecrewonduty.Theycheckusonebyone,thentheyissuelandingpermitsforus.Onthebackofthelandingpermits,themostimportantharborregulationsareprinted.Theyalsotellustogotheregulationsbeforewegoshoreandtoobservetherules.5.Describetheshipboardquarantineformalities.a)Themaindutiesofthequarantineofficers.b)Preparationsbeforequarantineofficers.c)Yourexperiencesyouhaveeverhadwithquarantineofficers.Themaindutiesofthequarantineofficersaretocheckifthereareanyepidemiconboard.Theywillaskwhereisouroriginalport,whenweleavehomeport,whatisourlastportofcall.Thequarantineofficerswillalsoaskinoculationcertificate,maritimedeclarationofhealth,derattingcertificateandsoon.Beforethequarantineofficerscomeonboard,thecaptainshouldprepareship’sparticularsandcertificates.Thecrewmembersshouldkeepshipcleanandnet.Inmyexperiences,whenthequarantineofficerscomeonboard,theywillaskforcrew’svaccinationcertificates,ifthereareanyepidemiconboard.1.What’sthevalidityoftheCargoShipsafetyEquipmentCertificate?Fiveyears.2.Whatflagshouldbehoistedwhenavesselrequiresquarantineinspection?Qlittleflagshouldbehoisted.3.Canashipenteraforeignportbeforequarantineinspection?Noitcan’t.4.WhymustthecustomsofficerssealtheBondedstore?Inordertoavoidsmuggle.5.Pleaselist5ship’scertificates?(1)CargoShipSafetyConstructionCertificate.(2)CargoShipsafetyradioCertificate.(3)MinimumSafetyManningCertificate.(4)InternationalTonnageCertificate.(5)InternationalLoadLineCertificate.(6)CargoShipSafetyEquipmentCertificate.(7)InternationalOilPollutionPreventionCertificate.(8)deratingCertificateandsoon.6.Arecigarettesandliquorexemptedfromcustomsduties?No,theyarenot.7.Howcanthecaptaindowiththeshorepassesbeforeleavingaport?Togoclearanceformalities.8.Whichcertificateprescribesgeneralrequirementsforthefunctionsofradiotelegraphyinstallationforlifeboatonboard?TheSafetyRadioCertificate9.Whichcertificatespecifiesthefreeboardassignment?InternationalLoadLineCertificate.10.Whichdocumentdemonstratesashipbeinginafitandefficientconditionandclassed?CargoShipSafetyConstructionCertificate.11.Ifyourshipneedsprovisionsand/orreplenishment,howdoyougetthem?Tosentalistofprovisionsandreplenishmentweneedtoouragent,hewillbuythem.12.Whatdocumentsshouldyoushowwhenyougothroughthecustomsformalities?Storesandprovisionslist13.Whoissuestheshorepassestothecrewmemberswishingtogoashore?Theimmigrationofficer.Charter31.Describetheresponsibilitiesasawatchofficerwhiletheshipisatanchor?a)Regularoperationsforanchorwatch.b)Emergencyhandingincaseofdragging.c)Conclusion.Asanofficeronwatchatanchor,heshouldchecktheanchorpositionatregular,heshouldkeepproperlook-outtoo.Incase,ifthewatchofficerfindstheshipisdragging,hemustdropanotheranchororslackawaychainsandnotifythecaptaininform.Whentheshipisatanchor,theofficeronwatchshouldkeepsharplookoutatalltime.2.DescribetheproperwayofusingVHFa)HowtooperateVHF?b)GeneralrulesofusingVHF.c)RulesofsuingVHFchannel16.WhenyouoperateVHF,youshouldcomplytheradioregulations.Ifyouwanttospeak,youshouldpushthekey,andifyouwanttolisten,youshouldslackthekey.ThegeneralrulesofusingVHFareasfollows:(1)callingonchannel16forthepurposeotherthandistressurgencyandverybriefsafetycommunication;(2)communicationnotrelatedtosafetyandnavigationonportoperationchannels;(3)non-essentialtransmissions;(4)theimportantmessagesshouldberepeat;(5)thefirst3b)Thepreparationsfromtheengineroom.c)Thepreparationsfromthedeck.Atthebridge,theOOWshouldturnontheradar,openthedoorsandwindowsandnotifythecaptain.Thequartermastershouldchangeturnthesteeringgearandsetifonmanualpilotundertheofficer.TocommunicatewiththeportbyVHFandreporttheship’sETD,ifneeds,requireapilot.Testthewhistleandthemainengine.Theengineroomshouldstandbythemainengineunderthebridgeorder,checkthebridgetelegraph,clockandrudderindicatorwiththebridge.Thedeckhandsshouldpreparepilotladder,closethehatchcovers,standbyanchorandstationonforeandaft.5.Describetheproceduresofpilot-age.a)Thepreparationsfromthebridge.b)Thepreparationsfromtheengineroom.c)Thepreparationsfromthedeck.Atthebridge,theOOWshouldturnontheradarandnotifythecaptain.Thequartermastershouldchangetheautopilottomanualpilotundertheofficer.TocommunicatewiththepilotstationbyVHFandreporttheship’sETAorETD.Theengineroomshouldstandbythemainengineunderthebridgeorder,checkthebridgetelegraphandrudderindicatorwiththebridge.Thedeckhandsshouldpreparepilotladder,prepareahandropeandalifebuoy.Intheevening,alightshouldbeneeded.1.Canyoulistatleastthreemooringlines?NO,Ican’t./headline,springline,aftline,breastline.2.Whatshouldbepreparedbeforethepilotcomesonboard?Apilotladder,ahandropeandalifebuoyshouldbepreparedbeforethepilotcomesonboard.3.Whatisthemaximumspeedthroughthewaterthatyourshipcananchorwithoutriskingbreakingthecable?3knots.4.Whatflagshouldbehoistwhenavesselrequiresapilot?TheHletterflagshouldbehoistwhenavesselrequiresapilot.5.Howcanashipgetintouchwithaportbeforeherarrival?ByVHFonchannel16or.workingchannel6.Whatship’sparticularswillpilotstationusuallyaskfor?Theship’slength,draft,tonnagesandsoon.7.Whatshouldbereportedtothepilotstation?Theship’sposition,ETA,length,draft.8.Whatshouldbeconfirmedfromthepilotstation?Whenthepilotwillcomeonboard,whichsidethepilotladdershouldbeprepared.9.WhenthevesselenterstheVTSarea,whatisrequestedtoreport?Theship’sname,callsign,thepurpose.10.Whatdoes“foulanchor”mean?Thetwoanchorchainsarecrossingoroneanchor’schainsiscrossingbyotherthings.11.Ifyouareordered：“Standbybothengines!”howshouldyoureplyandreport?Iwillreply:Standbybothengines!Andreport:Bothenginesarestandby!12.Canyoulistthreefamouscanalsintheworld?Yes,therearePanama-canal,suze-canalandgeal-canal.13.Whenyourequestthereceivertoremainonchannel16inVHFcommunication,whatdoyousay?Standbyonchannel16.14.HowdoyourectifythemistakeinmarineVHFcommunication?Firstspeak:mistake,thenspeaktherightmessages.15.HowdoyouemphasizetheimportantpartofamessageinmaritimeVHFcommunication?Firstspeak:repeat,thenspeakthemessageagain.16.whatdoes“abandonvessel”mean?Itmeansthattheshipisinverydangerousconditionandthecrewandpassengersmustbeleavetheshipatonce.17.whatdoestheabbreviationETDstandfor?ItisstandforExpectedtimeofdeparture.18.whatdoes“dredgingofananchor”mean?Itisoneofusingmanoeuvreanchoring,usuallydropananchorabout2-3shacklesinwater,thentheshipwillproceedingslowwiththeanchor.19.whatdoes“underway”mean?Itmeansthatavesselisnotatanchor,ormadefasttotheshore,oraground.20.whatdoes“draggingofananchor”mean?Afteranchoring,buttheanchorisnotbringupandtheshipmoving.Charter41.Describetheproceduresofcarryingdangerouscargoonboard.a)Theacquisitionofinformationaboutthedangerouscargo.b)Precautiononloadinganddischarging.c)Maintenanceduringthevoyage.Whatname,IMO-Class,packageofthedangerouscargoesare.Thesealsoshouldbenoticedtostevedores.ThechiefofficershouldmakeastowageplanaccordingtotheIMDG.Beforeloadingordischargingdangerouscargoes,theofficersshouldtellstevedoreshowtostoworleavethecargoes,wheretheyarestowedandhowtosegregationthem.HoistedletterBflagandapprovedbytheharbormaster.Nearthespot,noticeNOSMOKING.Whenavesselcarryingdangerouscargoes,thecarriershouldtakecareofthedangerouscargoes.Tocontrolthetemperatureandventilationduringthevoyage.2.Describetheprecautionbeforeenteringanenclosedspace.a)Thepotentialdangersinanenclosedspace.b)Thenormalprocedures.c)Theimportantprecautions.Thepotentialdangersinanenclosedspacearelackofoxideandhavingdangerousgas.Thepersonwhoentersanenclosedspacemaylosshislifeorcausepoisonorotherdangers.Whenyouwanttoenteranenclosedspace,thefirstyoushouldventilatethespace,thesecondyoushouldnoticechiefofficerorothers,thethirdyoushouldtestthemountoftheoxideanddangerousgasintheenclosedspace.Ifanydoubt,youshouldputonself-breathappliances.Theimportantprecautionsareventilation,anothercrewstandby.3.Describetheproceduresofcargostowage.a)Theacquisitionofinformationaboutthecargotobecarried.b)Theprinciplesandconsiderationsonnavigationsafety.c)Themodificationofstowageplan.Whatname,IMO-Class,packageofthedangerouscargoesare.Thesealsoshouldbenoticedtostevedores.Thechiefofficeralsoaskhowmanytonsofdangerouscargoeswillbecarried.Beforeloadingordischargingdangerouscargoes,theofficersshouldtellstevedoreshowtostoworleavethecargoes,wheretheyarestowedandhowtosegregationthem.HoistedletterBflagandapprovedbytheharbormaster.Nearthespot,noticeNOSMOKING.Thecarriershouldtakecareofthedangerouscargoes.Tocontrolthetemperatureandventilateduringthevoyage.Whenavesselcarryingdangerouscargoes,ThechiefofficershouldmakeastowageplanaccordingtotheIMDG.Ifanymodificationofstowageplan,thismustbenoticedtothechiefofficerandbeapprovedbythechiefofficer.4.Describetheactionstobetakenincaseofanoilspillonboard.a)Theinitialresponsesb)TtheactionsfollowingupaccordingtotheSOREP(船舶防止油污染應(yīng)急計(jì)劃)onboard.c)Theprecautionstobetaken.Theinitialresponseincaseofanoilspillissentoilspillingsignal,noticetheterminationnottopumpoil.AccordingtotheSOREP,thefirststepisstoppumpoil,thenclosethevalvesandalldeckdrainages.Thethirdistohandlethespillingoilwithabsorbentmaterialsorothermeans.Tostoppumpoilisanimportantmatter.Toclosethevalvesandalldeckdrainagesaremustbedone.5.Describehowtoensureaproperstowageforgeneralcargo.a)Generalfactorstobetakenintoaccountincargostowage.b)Specialconsiderationsforcargostowage.Thetermstowagefactormeansthecargo’svolumebeendividedbyitsweight.Itisveryimportant.Fromit,wecancalculatehowmanycargoescanbecarried.Forexample,ifoneship’scapacityis12000cubicmetersandakindofcargo’sstowagefactoris1.5cubicmetersperton,wecalculatethatshipcancarrythecargo8000tonsinweight.Ofcourse,theship’snetdeadweightisequalorbigger8000tons.Whenweusecargo’sstowagefactortocalculatesship’scapacity,wemustconsiderthebrokenspaceandship’snetdeadweight.Wealsoshouldconsiderthathowmanyholdstheshiphasandthekindsofcargo.Asususually,wearrangethesecargo,whichhassmallstowagefactor,inlowhold,andthosecargo,whichhasbigstowagefactor,inthetween-deck.1.HowmanyclassesofdangerousgoodsarethereaccordingtotheIMDGCode?Canyoulistsome?TherearenineclassesofdangerousgoodsaccordingtotheIMDGCode.TheyareExplosives,Gases,Inflammableliquids,Inflammablesolids,Oxidizingsubstancesandorganicperoxides,Poisonousandinfectioussubstances,Radioactivesubstances,CorrosivesubstancesandMiscellaneousdangeroussubstances.2.Whatkindofcargoisclassifiedasflammablecargo?Ifthecargoiseasytoflame,forexample,ifoneliquid’sclosedcupflashisless61centigrade,wewillclassitasflammablecargo—inflammableliquids.3.Pleasedescribethegeneralnatureofgeneralcargo.Thegeneralcargoisusuallypackedandindifferentkinds.Eachissmall.4.Pleasedescribethegeneralnatureofbulkcargo?Thebulkcargoisusuallyunpackedandtheshipcarriesoneofbulkcargoinavoyage.5.Whatkindofcargoiscanvas(吊貨帆布袋)slingsuitableforlifting?Generalcargo,e.g.bagsofgrain,rice,coffee6.Whatkindofcargoischainsling(吊貨鏈)suitableforlifting?Heavyslenderarticlese.g.ironrails,logs.7.Whatkindofcargoisnetsling（吊貨網(wǎng)）suitableforlifting?Smallpackages,mail8.WhatdoestheabbreviationCOWstandfor?COWstandsforcrudeoilwashing.9.Whatdoes“jettisonofcargo”mean?Dropcargooutofship’ssidefromthedeck.10.Whatdoes“compatibilityofgoods（相容性貨物）”mean?Ifdifferentkindscanbestowtogetherandnodamage,wewillsaytheyarecompatibility.11.WhatdoestheabbreviationSWLstandfor?SWLstandforsafeworkingload.12.Whatdoes“shiftingcargo”mean?Removecargofromoneplacetoanotheronavessel.13.Whatdoes“Unionpurchase”mean?Usingtwoderrickstogethertoloadordischargecargoes.14.Whatpreparationsshallbedonebeforeloadingcargo?Openhatchcovers.Innightpreparehatchlights.15.Whatistheloadingcapacityofyourvessel?Itexpresshowmanycargocanbecarriedinourvessel16.Whatcargohandlinggearandequipmentdoesyourvesselhave?Ourvesselhasthreecranesandtwounionpurchase.17.Whatcanbeusedtoremovespillage（地腳貨，溢出量）?Emptybagsorholdtoremovespillage.18.Whatshallbeensuredbeforeenteringtheenclosedspace?Whethertheenclosedspacehasenoughoxideandnodangerousgas.19.Pleaselistsomecargopapers?Billoflading,manifest,stowageplan,loadinglist,andsoon.20.Whatmustyouwearwhenyouenteranenclosedspace?Self-breathappliance.Charter5Describethedutiesofwatch-keepingwhenunderway.a)Generalrulesastowatch-keeping.b)Itemstobecheckedandmonitoredeachwatch.c)Specialattentionforbridgewatch-keeping.Whenyouareonwatch-keeping,youwillberesponsibletothemasterfortheproperperformanceofhisassignedbridgewatchstandingandnavigationalduties.Whentheshipisunderway,thechiefofficerwillbeondutyduring4to8and16-20;thesecondofficerwillbeondutyduring0-4and12-16;thethirdofficerwillbeondutyduring8-12and20-24.Ateachwatch,theofficersonwatchshouldchecktheship’spositionsatleast4times,changethesteeringgearfromauto-pilottomanual-pilot1time.Theyalsocheckship’scourse,speed,andtheweathercondition,navigationalequipmentsconditions.Theofficersduty’sspotisatthebridge,theyshouldkeepsharplook-outatalltime.Theycandonothingexpectlook-outandtakeproperavoidingactions.Usuallytheyshouldpatrolthewholeshiponceawatchatnightforavoidfireorotherunnormalthingshappened.2.Describethebridgeshiftchange.a)Theconditionswhichmustbesatisfiedbeforetakingoverabridgewatch.b)Theproceduresforshiftchange.c)SpecialattentionforshiftchangeShiftingchangeisveryimportantforthesafetyofaship.Whenaofficergoestothebridgefortakingoverforduty,hemustknowthepresentcourse,speed,position,andmustbesatisfiedthesituationofotherverywhicharenear.Therelievingofficershouldgotothebridge15minutesadvance.Firstly,heshouldgethabittothesighting,especiallyinthenight.Secondly,heshouldasktherelievedtheofficersomething,suchasship’scourse,speed,position.Thirdly,heshouldgointothechartroomtochecktheconditions.Atnightheshouldreadandsignthenightorder.Thechangeofconnmustbeclearlystatedandloggednotingtheactualtimethatittookplace.Therelievingofficermustsignthenightorderbooktoindicateunderstandingofthemaster’sorders.3.Describethediffereanarrowchannel.b)Therulesinnavigatinginatrafficseparationscheme.c)Themajordifferencesintermsoftechnicalnavigation.Ifyouareadrivenpowervesselandyouareproceedingalongthecourseofanarrowchannel,youshallkeepasneartotheouterlimitofthechannelwhichliesonyourstarboardsideasissafeandpracticable.Youshallavoidcrossachannelandanchorinachannel.Ifyouareadrivenncesbetweennavigatinginanarrowchannelandintrafficseparationscheme.a)Therulesinnavigatinginpowervesselandyouareusingatrafficseparationscheme,youshallproceedintheappropriatetrafficlaneinthegeneraldirectionoftrafficflowforthatlaneYoushallavoidcrosslaneandanchorinlane,trafficlineorseparationzone.Intrafficseparationscheme,therearetrafficlineorseparationzone,butinnarrowchannelnot.4.Describeadvantagevarioustoolsortechnologiesforproperlookout.a)Thefeaturesofradarobservation.b)Theadvantagesofvisuallookout.c)Thecorrectusesofvarioustoolsortechnologies.Everyvesselshallatalltimesmaintainaproperlookoutbysightandhearingaswellasbyallavailablemeansappropriateintheprevailingcircumstancesandconditionssoastomakeafullappraisalofthesituationandoftheriskofcollision,Thefeaturesofradarobservationareasfollows:(1)limitationsoftheradarequipment,smallvessels,iceandotherfloatingobjectsmaynotbydetectedbyradaratanadequaterange;;(2)imposedbytheradarrangescaleinuse;Weatherandothersourcesofinterference;(3)themoreexactassessmentofthevisibilitythatmaybepossiblewhenradarisusedtodeterminetherangeofvesselsorotherobjectsinthevicinity.Theadvantagesofvisuallookoutareasfollows:(1)Itisthebasedmeansoflooking–out;(2)thesituationcanbereadilyapparent,andsoon.Therearemanytoolsandtechnologiestobeusedinlook-out,forexample,whenyouusearadar,youshouldswitchtheradarstandbyfirst,thenyoushouldproperadjustit,includerange,tuning,gain,contrast,anti-cluttersea,anti-clutterrain.Youcandetectedthebearinganddistanceofaobjectwithradar.5.Describethepreparationtobedonebytheresponsibilityofpriortoarrival.a)Generalintroductionoftheresponsibilityofdeckdepartmentpre-arrivalsituation.b)Preparationstobedonepriortoarrival.Thechiefofficeristheheadofthedeckdepartment.Heisassistedbyasecondofficer,athirdofficer,abosun,acarpenter,andsomeAB.Thechiefisresponsibleforcaringcargo,forexample,makingstowageplanning,holdspreparation,loading,stowage,discharging.Thesecondofficerisresponsibleforwatchpertainingtonavigationpublicationsandequipment.Thethirdofficerisresponsibleforwatchdutiespertainingtofire-fightingappliancesandlife-savingappliancesandmaintenance.Theareallassignedtobridgetobeproperperformancewatchstandingandnavigationalduties.Thechiefofficerisresponsibletothemasterfortheoperation,administration,andsupervisionofthedeckdepartmentThechiefofficer,carpenterand2-3ABareassignedtothefo