中口筆試試題20099月年9中級口譯真題與答案

(A)DrMadisonisabsentfromtheDrMadisonisanexpertonDrMadisonwillpresentourviewofglobalDrMadisonwillpresideovertheconferencethis(A)Therearevacanciesfor18moreclubmembersintheTherearetrainingcoursesinthebungee-jumTherearepre-requisitesforparticipatingintheTherearebungee-jumsportsclubsalloverthe(A)Onlyathirdofthebusinessfirmscansurvivemorethan5Currently,twothirdsofthebusinessfirmswillcollapseintheirfirstIfyouhavethecorrectinformation,startinganewbusinessisYoumusthaveatwo-thirdmajorityconsenttostartabranch(A)EvidenceshowsthatwildanimalscantransmittoScientistsreporttheextinctionofsomeendangeredwildMenandwomencannotprotectthemselvesfromtheattackofHuntingoreatinganimalswillnotbringtheriskofbeinginfectedby(A)ItisnotenoughtolearnaforeignlanguageforthreeItrequirestimeandefforttomasteraforeignAchildcanlearnaforeignlanguagebetterifhermotherisAchildcanlearnaforeignlanguagefasterthanan(A)Ourenrollmentfeeisonly30penceifyouhaveyourownOurstudentspayonly30poundsfortheirphotocopyingOurstudentsenjoyservicesexceptforOurcollegeisthebestinthecountryforitsphotocopying(A)Idon’tthinkoursalesfiguresinLAaregoodIcannotappointMrs.ColmantothepostsinceshewasbornIbelieveMrs.Colmancaneasilybeconnectedassheisnowlivingin mendthatMrs.Colmanbeinchargeofourofficein(A)160 (B)200(C)320 (D)400TalksandConversationsQuestions11—14(A)TheyliketoshowTheyputworkTheyareTheyareold-(A)SherunsverySheoftengoesoutatShestudieswellatShelivesonher(A)MakeaphonecallhomeonhisTakethemedicineassoonasheThrowawayallthedrugsonhisShuthimselfupincasehegets(A)TheyshouldworryaboutTheyshouldtrustTheyshouldgivehimmoreTheyshouldcaremoreaboutQuestions15—(A)TopredictanTopreventanToreducethedamagebyanToreporttheoccurrenceofan(A)TosupportthebronzeballinsidetheTorespondtolighttremorsoftheToopenthemouthofthefrogToattachthebarstothedragonheads(A)AmajorearthquaketookcesomewherenorthwestoftheAninstrumentthatcouldrecordtheoccurrenceofanearthquakewasTheinventionoftheseismoscopewasapprovedbythecentralTheearthquakedamagedmorethan400housesinthecapital(A)BysurveyingontheearthsurfaceByrecordingtheflogs’movementintheBymessengersonBytheastronomerobservingthenightQuestions19—(A)WorkingnightshiftstomakeTakingfinalVisitingtheUnitedConsultingatourist(A)Heisengagedinapart-timeHelikestheweatherinItwillbemoreItwillcosthimless(A)Inthestudent (B)Inatravel(C)Inthe (D)Inthedining-(A)Takeapart-timejobinGototheStateswiththeDiscussthenwithherAskherparentstopayforhertripQuestions23—(A)ItisanecessarypartofItisatimeofpressureandItisacareperiodofItismuchshorterthanitusedto(A)FamilyExcellenceinAcceptanceby(A)ThosethatusedtobemeantforadultsThosethatdivideschildhoodandThosethatareonlyrelatedtoinformationThosethatcanhelpreducethelevelof(A)Children’sLivingLanguageSportsQuestions27—(A)RatherFairlyQuite(A)ThemanhasalwaysbeenavaluableThemanhasoftenbeenlateforworkafterThemanhasbeenaddictedtoalcoholwhilerunningThemanhasbeenengaginginwork-related(A)MakinganappointmenttoseetheAttendingawarningHavingsoftdrinksoverConsultinga(A)AlcoholdrinkingduringworkinghoursisstrictlyAnyonewhodrinksbeeronthejobwillbedismissedimmediaAwarningsessionwillbeconductedifanemployeeislateforAnyonewhoislateforworkmustgoandseeaprofessional【ListeningandTranslationSection2:STUDYSKILLSQuestions1—5WritingarticlesaboutfiforTheFrontPagewasmyfirstproperjob.BeforethemIhaddonebitsofreviewing—novelsfornepers,fiforamagazineandanythingIwasaskedtodofortheradio.ThatwashowImetTomSeaton,thefirstartseditorofTheFrontPage,whohadalsowrittenforradioandevision.Hehiredme,butTomwasnotprimarilyajournalist,orhewouldcertainlyhavebeenmorecarefulinchoosinghisstaff.Atfirst,hisideawasthatateamofcriticsshouldtakecareoftheartformsthatdidn’trequirespecializedknowledge:books,TV,theatre,filmandradio.TherewouldbeaweeklylunchatwhichwewouldmakeourchoicesfromtheicmaterialthatTomhaddecidedweshouldcover,thoughtherewouldalsobegueststomaketheatmospheresociable.Itallfeltabitofadreamatthattime:anewnewspaper,andIwasoneoftheteam.Itseemedsounlikelythatapapercouldbeintroducedintoacrowdedmarket.Itseemedjustaslikelythatamillionairewantedtohelpmeally,andwaspretendingtoemployme.Suchwasmylackofself-confidence.Infact,thefirsttimeIsawsomeonereadingthenewspaperontheLondonUnderground,thenturningtoapageonwhichoneofmyreviewsappeared,Ididn’tknowwheretolook.Tom’soriginalschemeforateamofcriticsfortheartsnevertookoff.Itwasagoodidea,butwedidn’tgettogetherasnnedandsoeverythingwasdonebyphone.Itturnedout,too,thatthegeneralpublicouttherepreferredtoassociateareviewerwithasinglesubjectarea,andsoIchosefilm.WithoutTom’sinitialpush,though,wewouldhardlyhavecomeupwiththepresentarrangement,bywhichIwriteanextendedweeklypiece,usuallyononefilm.ThespaceIamgivenallowsmetobroadenmyargument—orsme,inanuninterestingweek,tomakesomethingoutofnothing.Butwhatismyroleinthepublicareana?Iassumethatpeoplechoosewhatfitogotoonthebasisofthestars,thepublicityorthedirector.Thereisalsosuchathingasloyaltyto“type”oritsopposite.Icanonlyrarelyhappenthatsomeonewhohateswesternsbuysaticketforonafterreadingareview,oralovestoryaddictavoidsaromanticfilmbecauseofwhatthepaperssay.Soifafilmreviewisn’treallyaconsumerguide,whatisit?Icertainlydon’tfeelIhavearesponsibilitytobe“right”aboutamovie.NordoIthinkthereshouldbeacertainnumberof“great”and“bad”fieachyear.AllIhavetodoisputforwardanargument.Imnotajudge,andnorwouldIwanttobe.WhatdowelearnaboutTomSeatoninthefirstparagraph? Hehasencouragetheauthorto eawriter.Hehasworkedforvariousareasofthemedia.Hemettheauthorwhenworkingforevision.Hepreferredtoemploypeoplethatheknows.Aweeklylunchwouldbearrangedinorderto helpthewritersgettoknoweachprovideaninformalinformationdistributetheworkthathadtobeentertainimportantvisitorsfromtheartsWhatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesaysthatTom'sscheme"nevertookoff"(para ItwasItwastedtoomuchtime.Itwasn'tnnedproperlyItwasn'tputintopracticeAccordingtotheauthor,hisarticles areseldomreadbyareignoredbystarsandfilmhavelittleeffectonpublicviewinghabitshavegreaterpersuasionthanpeopleWhichofthefollowingbestdescribeswhattheauthorsaysabouthiswork? Hecanlyexpresshis (B)Hepreferstowriteaboutfihe(C)Hissuccessvariesfromyearto (D)HewritesaccordingtoacceptedQuestions6—ItisMondaymorning,andyou’rehavingtroublewakingyourteenagers.You’renotalone.Indeed,eachmorning,fewofthecountry’s17millionhighschoolstudentsareawakeenoughtogetmuchoutoftheirfirstclass,particularlyifitstartsbefore8a.m.Sure,manyofthemstayeduptoolatethenightbefore,butnotbecausetheywantedto.Researchshowsthatteenagers’bodyclocksaresettoaschedulethatisdifferentfromthatofyoungerchildrenoradults.Thispreventsadolescentsfromdropoffuntilaround11p.m.,whentheyproducethesleep-inducinghormonemelatonin,andwakingupmuchbefore8a.m.whentheirbodiesstopproducingmelatonin.Theresultisthatthefirstclassofthemorningisoftenawaste,withasmanyas28percentofstudentsfallingasleep,accordingtoaNationalSleepFoundationpoll.Somearesosleepytheydon’tevenshowup,contributingtofailureanddropoutrates.Here’sanidea:stopfocusingontestingandinsteadsupportchangingthehoursoftheschoolstartingitlaterforteenagersandendingitlaterforallchildren.Indeed,noonedoeswellwhenthey’resleep-deprived,butinsufficientsleepamongchildrenhasbeenlinkedtoobesityandtolearningissueslikeattentiondeficit/hyperactivitydisorder.You’dthinkthiswouldspureducatorstotakeaction,andafewhave.In2002,highschoolsinJessamineCountyinKentuckypushedbackthefirstbellto8:40a.m.,from7:30a.m.Attendanceimmediaywentup,asdidscoresonstandardizedtests,whichhavetoriseeachyear.DistrictsinVirginiaandConnecticuthaveachievedsimilarsuccess.InMinneapolisandEdina,whichinstitutedhighschoolstarttimesof8:40a.m.and8:30a.m.respectivelyin1997,students’gradesroseslightlyandlateness,behavioralproblemsanddropoutratesdecreased.Laterisalsosafer.WhenhighschoolsinFayetteCountyinKentuckydelayedtheirstarttimesto8:30a.m,thenumberofteenagersinvolvedincarcrashesdropped,evenastheyroseinthestate.Sowhyhasn’teveryschoolboardmovedbackthatfirstbell?Well,itseemsthatimprovingteenagers’performancetakesabackseattomorepressingconcerns:thecostofadditionalbusservice,thedifficultyofadjustingafter-schoolactivityschedulesandtheinconveniencetoteachersandparents.Butfewoftheseproblemsactuallycometopass,accordingtotheCenterforAppliedResearchandEducationalImprovementattheUniversityofMinnesota.InKentuckyandMinnesota,simplyflipthestartingtimesfortheelementaryandhighschoolsmeantnoextracostforbuses.Thereareotherreasonstostartandendschoolatalatertime.AccordingtoPaulReville,aprofessorofeducationatHarvardandchairmanoftheMassachusettsBoardofEducation,“tryingtocrameverythingour21st-centurystudentsneedintoa19th-centurysix-and-a-half-hourdayjustisntworking.”Hesaysthatchildrenlearnmoreatalessfranticpace,andthatlengtheningtheschooldaywouldhelp“closetheachievementgapbetweendisadvantagedstudentsandtheirbetter-offpeers.”Accordingtothepassage,whatdeterminesa’sbodyclockis melatoninone’sscheduleone’ssleepAccordingtothepassage,whathassomethingtodowithteenagers’obesityandscantattentioninclass? UnhealthydietaryInternalUnnecessarydrop-InsufficientWhichofthefollowingisNOTapositiveresultthatsomeschoolshaveachievedaftertheyhavepushedbacktheirfirstclasses? BetterImprovedFewercarDecreaseddropoutThephrase“takeabackseatto”(para.6)couldbebestrecedby issecondaryisapreludelendssupportprovidesasolutionWhatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss? TeenagersneedmuchmoresleepthantheyactuallyhaveThescheduleofteenagersshouldbemadedifferentfromthatofStartingthefirstclasslateisadvantageousinmorethanoneUnanticipatedproblemswillrisefromthepostponementofthefirstQuestionsIt'sestimatedthateveryyear100,000childrenaged16andunderrunawayfromhome.LondonRefuge,anunremarkablehouseonanunremarkablestreet,istheonlyceinBritainthatwillgivethemabed.Lastyearitgavesanctuaryto238children,ofwhomtheyoungestwas11.Whathappenedtotheother99,762?Nobodyknows,althoughit'safairbetthatsomeofthemendeduponthestreets,thatsomefellintoinappropriateanddangerous,thatsomedidn'tsurvive.“Themerefactthatthey'rerunningawayputsthematrisk,”saysLornaSimpson,therefuge'sdeputymanager.“Onthestreetsthey'llmixwithotheryoungpeople.They'resonaive;theydon'tunderstandthatpeoplewhoarenicetothemwillwantpayback.Ourjobistomakethemsafe.”Simpson,aformersocialworker,isacalmwomanofgreatwarmth.Therefugehassixbedshasbeenopensince1993,oftenwiththethreatofclosurehangingoverit.Theproblemhasnothingtodowiththequalityofitsservice–Ofstedranksitasoutstanding-andeverythingtodowithfunding.Aweek'scementcosts￡2,278andthreesuccessiveernmentshavearguedthattheannualrunningcostsof￡720,000shouldbelocallyfunded.ButbecauseitisusedbychildrenfrommanypartsofLondon,andbeyond,localarereluctanttoTheernmenthasnowagreedtoworkonastrategytosupportrunawaychildreninEnglandandWales,whichisrichafteritswithdrawaloffundingfromtherefugeinDecember.SincethentheNSPCC,whichrunstherefugeinconjunctionwithStChristopher'sFellowship,hasfinanceditthroughadonationfromanindividual,butthatmoneywilllastonlyuntillatenextyear.“Withoutthisfacilitythere'snothing;childrenwhorunawayareonthestreet,”saysNasimaPa,theassistantdirectoroftheNSPCC.“Oneofthestrengthsoftherefugeisthatchildrenwhohavelefthomecanringupdirectlyandwillgetabedandsupportivestaffwithouthavingtogothroughaprocessofassessment”.The modatessixchildrenplusstaff.Manyoftheadmissionsareatnightandcanstayupto21daysinthreemonths,althoughmoststayforthreetofivedays.Theyfinditthroughsocialservices,throughChildLine(althoughthenumberisgivenonlytochildrenwhohavealreadylefthome)andthroughwordofmouth.“Childrenrunawayfromeverythingyoucanthinkof,”Simpsonsays.“Argumentswithstep-parents,ualabuse,alcoholicparents,beinglefttobringuptheiryoungersiblings,neglectedchildrenwhohavebeenfailedbysocialservices,girlswhohavebeentrafficked.Wegetdoctors'andlawyers'childrenwhorunawaybecausetheywantmorepocketmoney,orwanttostayoutlaterthantheirparentsallow.They'vebeengiveneverything,theygetto15andnoonethinkstopullthereinsin.Bythattimeit'stoolate;theyrebel.”Mostofthechildrenarefromfamiliesknowntosocialservices,andforthemtherefuge'sorderedregimenisa econtrasttothechaostheyknow.Stafflistenswithoutjudgingandwithoutencouragingdependency,tryingtoestablishwhythechildrenhaverunaway.Theaimistogetthemhomeorintothecareofsocialservicesand,afterdischargefromtherefuge,afamilysupportworkerisavailable.Theword“sanctuary”(para.1)isclosestinmeaningto WhatisLorneSimpson’sconcernaboutrunawaychildren? Theydon’tunderstandpeoplewhoarenicetoTheyhavenodirectaccesstotheLondonTheywilldistancethemselvesfromtheirTheywillkeepwithWelearnfromthepassagethattheLondonRefugeisfacedwiththethreatof foritsfailuretomeettheforlackofbecauseofitspoorbecauseof Accordingtothepassage,theLondonRefugeusedtobefundedby thetheindividuallocalWhatdotherefugestaffdointheinterestoftherunawaychildren? RinguptheirparentsdirectlyabouttheEncouragethemtohavedependencyintheirPutthemintothecareoftheirparentsorsocialAllowthemtostaythereuntiltheywanttogobackQuestionsItisalreadycommonknowledge,onthebeachesandinthecafesofEurope,thatAmericansworktoohard-justasitiswellknownontheothersideoftheAtlanticthatEuropeans,abovealltheFrenchandtheGermans,areslackerswhocoulddowithabitofAmerica'svigorousworkethic.ButanewsurveysuggeststhateventhosevacationsAmericanemployeesdotakearerapidlyvanishing,totheextentthat40%ofworkersquestionedatthestartofthesummersaidtheyhadnstotakeanyholidayatallforthenextsixmonths,morethanatanytimesincethelate1970s.ItisprobablymerecoincidencethatGeorgeBush,oneofthefewAmericanswhohasbeenknowntoenjoyaFrench-stylemonthoffduringAugust,cutbackhisholidayinTexasthisyeartoafortnight.ButthesurveybytheConferenceBoardresearchgroup,alongwithotherrecentstatistics,suggestsanepidemicofoverworkamongordinaryAmericans.AquarterofpeopleemployedintheprivatesectorintheUSgetnopaidvacationatall,accordingtoernmentfigures.Unlikealmostallotherindustrializednations,includingBritain,Americanemployersdonothavetogivepaidholidays.TheaverageAmericangetsalittlelessthanfourweeksofpaidtimeoff,includingpublicholidays,comparedwith6.6weeksintheUK-wherethelawrequiresaminimumoffourweeksoffforfull-timeworkers-and7.9weeksforItaly.OnestudyshowedthatpeopleemployedbytheUSsubsidiaryofaLondon-basedbankwouldhavetoworktherefor10yearsjusttobeentitledtosamevacationtimeascolleaguesinBritainwhohadjuststartedtheirEvenwhentheydotakevacations,overworkedAmericansfindithardtoswitchoff.Oneinthreefindsnotcheckingtheirandvoicmorestressfulthanworking,accordingtoastudybytheTravelocitywebsite,whilethetraumasoftraveltaketheirowntoll."Wecommonlycominweneedavacationfromourvacations,"theauthorPoBronsonwroterecently."Weleavehometired;wecomebackexhausted."ChristianSchneider,aGerman-bornscholarattheWhartonbusinessschoolinPhiladelphia,arguesthatthereis"atendencytoreallyrelaxinEurope,todisengagefromwork.WhenanAmericanfinallydoestakethosefewdaysofvacationperyeartheyaremostlikelytobeinconstantcontactwiththeoffice."Mindfulthatwell-restedworkersaremoreproductivethanburnt-outones,theaccountingfirmPricewaterhouseCoopershasstartedclosingallitsUSofficescompleytwiceayear,for10daysoverChristmasandaboutfivearoundIndependenceDay."Wewantedtocreateanenvironmentwherepeoplecouldwalkawayandnotworryaboutmissingameeting,aconferencecallors,"BarbaraKraft,apartneratthetoldtheNewYorkLefttothemselves,Americansfailtotakeanaverageoffourdaysoftheirvacationentitlement-anannualnationaltotalof574munclaimeddays.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatdothepeopleinAmericathinkofEuropeans? TheyworklessvigorouslyexcepttheFrenchandtheTheyworkalmostasvigorouslyasTheyshouldworkwithsomemorevigorasAmericansTheycouldworkabitmorevigorouslythanTheauthormentionsGeorgeW.Bushcuttingbackhisholidaytoindicatethat thetendencytooverworkislimitedtopeopleholdingimportantordinaryAmericansoverworkandimportantonesarenothefindsitnecessarytocutbackhisholiday,letalonethehaseveryreasontooverwork,butordinaryAmericansInwhichofthefollowingcountriesareemployeesentitledtomoreweeksperyearfortheirholidays? TheTheWhydoAmericans“…needavacationfromourvacations”(para.6) BecausetheydonothaveenoughvacationscomparedwithBecausetheycannottaketheirmindoffworkduringtheirBecausesandvoicsthatkeeppouringindisrupttheirBecausetravelismorestressfulandexhaustingthantheirnormalWhatdoesPricewaterhouseCoopersdotomakeitpossibleforitsemployeestoreallyrelaxtheirvacation? ItcreatedanenvironmentforitsemployeestobedisengagedfromItadviseditsemployeesnottoworryaboutmissingephonecallsorItsetasideforitsemployees10daysforChristmasandIndependenceItleftittoitsemployeesthemselvestodecideonmorevacationQuestions21-WhileothermembersofmyteamexploredthewreckofasmallGreekmerchantshipthatsankofftheTurkishcoastmorethan2,400yearsago,Ihoveredabovetheminasubmarine.Onediver,anarchaeologist,cedanamphora,ortwo-handledjar,insidealiftingbasket.Anothervacuumedsedimentfromthesitebyfanningsandintothemouthofanearlyverticalpipe.Twomoreweretakingmeasurements,carefully,butofnecessityquickly,foratthisdeptheachdiverhadonly20minituestocompletethemorning’sassignedtask.Anylonger,andtheywouldrequirelengthymedicaltreatment,toavoidthedivers’ailmentknownasthebends.Infourdecadesofdivingonshipwrecks,I’dbeentooengrossedincarryingoutsimilartaskstothinkofthefamilieswhoselovedonesmyhavedisappearedlongago.Ihadalwaysconcentratedonthetechnicalfeaturesofmytrade.Ihadstoppeddivingregularly15yearsbeforethisexploration,turningoverthebulkoftheunderwaterworktoayoungergeneration,butIcontinuetomakeinspectiondivesonmostwrecksweexcavate.Thisisnotjustanywreck.AlthoughI’vebeeninvolvedinuncoveringtheremainsofmucholderships,andofmorethanahundredancientshipwrecksalongtheTurkishcoastIhadneverevenseenawreckfromthefifthcenturyBC.Preliminaryphotographsofthecargodatedittothirdquarterofthecentury,duringtheGoldenAgeofclassicalGreece.Athens,thenasnowthemajorcityinGreece,controlledanempirestretchingfromonesideoftheAegeanSeatotheother.Noneofthiswouldhavebeenpossiblewithoutnavalmightandmaritimecommerce.Duringourthree-yearexplorationofthewreckweexcavatedexamplesofnearlyeverytypeofjarthattheclassicalGreeksmadeforwineorwater.Manytypesmighthavebeenusedastablewarebytheship’screw,buttheywerefarinexcessofwhatwouldhavebeenrequired.Weconcludedthereforethattheymusthavebeencargo.Wealsodiscoveredintheseabedtwomarblediscs,whichweguessedweretheship’seyes.IthaslongbeenknownformvasepaintingsthatclassicalGreekships—likethosfromothercultures—hadeyestogivethemlifeorhelpthemseetheirwaythroughthewaves.Althoughwarshipswereknowntohavehadnaturalisticmarbleeyesattachedtothem,mostscholarsassumedthattheeyesonmoremodestmerchantshipsweredepictedassimplecirclespaintedontothesidesofthevessel.Didthesailorswhodependedontheseeyesforsafetysurvivetheship’slastvoyage?Theycouldhavelivedthroughtheactualsinking.Theshipwaslessthanahundredyardsfromlandwhenitsank,sotheymighthaveswumtowardstheshore.AndweknowfromGreekliturethatsomeshiphadlifeboats.Butproximitytolandandhavinglifeboatsarenoguaranteeofsafety.Evenifsomehadswumtoshore,it’shardtoimaginethatmanymanagedtocrawlupontheexposedandsharprockswhilebeingsmashedbywaveslikethosethatalmostcertainlysanktheirship.Whatpointdoesthewritermakeabouttheexplorationinthefirstparagraph? ItwasmosteffectivewhencarriedoutbyasmallItrequiredeachdivertopossessavarietyofIthadtotakeintoaccountriskstotheIthadbeenmadeeasierbytechnologicalWhatdoesthewritersuggestabouthimselfinthesecondparagraph? HehaddevelopedeverysillthatwasneededforexploringHehadbenefitedbychanginghisroleinHewaspleasedhehadstartedtrainingyoungerHewasawarehedistancedhimselffromaspectsofhisThewriterusesthewords‘notjustanywreck’inparagraph3toimplythat hehadbeensearchingfortheshipforaconsiderablethiswasnottheonlyshipfoundoffthecoastoffindingthisparticularshipwasofexceptionaltheshipwasinbetterconditionthanmostWhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheship’seyesthatwerefound? IthadbeenthoughtthateyeslikethesewereonlyusedonTheyweredifferentfromtheeyesonshipsinvaseItwasunusualforeyestobecedinthispositiononaTheyweresurprisinglysimilartoeyesonshipsfromotherThewriterassumesthatmanyofthesailorsontheship’slastvoyagewere savedbythesmashedbyseatoofarfromthelandtoswimsuccessfulincrawlinguptheQuestions26-Itwasbooksthatfirstcapturedmyimaginationaboutfarawayces.TVtraveloguesalwaysseemedthepoorrelationtotheclassicwrittenaccounts,althoughofcoursethepictureswereratherbetter.Andthentherewastheissueofauthenticity.Allthosepretentioustheatricaltypesdyingofthirstinthedesert,asifwedidn’trealizetherewasacameracrewonhandtocaterfortheireveryneed.Thesedaysprogramme-makersknowthattheaudienceismoresophisticatedandthepresenceofthecameraisacknowledged.Butcanajourneywithfilmingequipmenteverbeanythingotherthanacleverlyconstructedfiction?Irecentlygotthechancetofindout,whenIwasaskedtopresenttwoone-hourprogrammesforanadventuretravelseries.TheprojectwasthebrainchildoftheproductionTrans-AtlanticFi,whichwantedtheseriespresentedbywritersandadventures,aswellasTVprofessionals.Mysolequalificationwasajournalistspecialisingin“adventure”travel.However,Iwasthoughttohave“on-screen”potential.ThefirstprogrammewasfilmedinCostaRica.Within24hoursofmyarrival,Irealizedthatthiswasgoingtobeverydifferentfrommyusual“onemanandhislaptop”expeditions.Forastart,therewerefiveofus—director,cameraman,soundrecordist,producerandpresenter.Andthentherewasthesmallmatterof￡100,000worthofequipment.IsoonrealizedthatthePeterMacpherson,wasavastlyexperiencedadventurefilm-maker.Inhiscase,theterm“adventure”meantpreciselythat.“MadeafilmwithX,”hewouldsay(normallyafamousmountaineerorskier),beforedescribingadeath-defyingsequenceatthetopofaglacierinAlaskaorhand-glidingofftheAngelFallsinVenezuela.Invariably,thesereminiscenceswouldendwiththewords:“HadagreatofrespectforX.Deadnow,sadly…”Partofthebrieffortheserieswastoputthepresenterinunusualsituationsandseehowheorshecoped.OnesuchsequencewasthenightwespentintheraincanopyneartheNationalParkinGuanacasteprovince.Idon’thaveaheadforheightsandwouldmakeapoorrock-climber,somydistressisrealenoughasthecameracatchesmedanglingonaropesome30metresup,wellshortofthecanopytform.Ironically,itwasthepresenceofthecamera,lookingdownonmefromabove,thatgavemetheimpetusforthefinalpushtothetop.Bythistime,I’dlearnthow“sequences”werecuttogetherandrealizedthatonelasteffortwasrequired.Ihadtostruggletostaycoherentwhilethecameraswoopedwithinafewmillimetersofmyfaceformyreaction.Intheend,itwasmagicalexperience,heightenedallthemorebythesoundsofthe—afamilyofhowlermonkeysinanearbytree,amplifiedthroughthesoundrecordist’sheadphones.Learninghowtoestablisharapportwithcameraisvitalandittookmeawhiletothinkofitasafriendratherthanajudgeandjury.ThemostintimidatingmomentswerewhenPeterstrolleduptome,sayingthatthelightwouldonlyberightforanother10minutes,andthatheneededa“l(fā)ink”fromonesequencetoanother.Thebriefwassimple.Itneededtobe30secondslong,sumupmyfeelings,beinformative,well-structuredand,mostimportantofall,rivetingtowatch.“Readytogoinaboutfiveminutes?”hewouldsaybreezily.Whatreasonisgivenforthe inginvolvedinmakingTVtravel OtherpeoplebelievedthathemightbesuitedtoappearingontheHehadadesiretodiscoverwhetherornotitwaspossibletomakegoodHethoughtthatitwasnaturalforhimtomovefromjournalismtomakingTVTherewasashortageofwritersandadventureswillingtotakepartintheShortlyafterarrivinginCostaRica,thewriterbecameawarethat thedirectorhadareputationthatwashewouldprobablydislikeworkingaspartofateamratherthanhewouldprobablygetonwellwiththedirectorhisroleinthefilmingwouldbelikelytoinvolverealThewriterusesthesequencefilmedintheNationalParkasanexampleof somethinghehadbeenworriedaboutbeforeanyfilmingthesortofchallengethatpresentersweretofaceinthesomethinghewasexpectedtobeunabletodealthetechnicaldifficultiesinvolvedinmakingfiincertainWhatdoesthewritersayaboutthelastpartofthesequenceintheNationalPark? Ittaughthimalotaboutthetechnicalaspectsoffilm-HewasencouragedtocompleteitwhenhelookedupattheItchangedhiswholeattitudetowardsngdangerousHewasunabletosayanythingthatmadesenseatthisInParagraph6,thewritersaysthathefounditparticularlydifficultto understandwhatwasrequiredofhimforachangethingshewasgoingtodoatveryshortacceptcertainadvicegiventohimaboutpresentingameetcertaindemandsthedirectormadeonhimSection3:TRANSLATIONTEST(1)Whatisanovel?Isay:aninventedstory.Atthesametimeastorywhich,thoughinvented,hasthepowertoringtrue.Truetowhat?Truetolifeasthereaderknowslifetobeor,itmaybe,feelslifetobe.AndImeantheadult,thegrown-upreader.Such