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2023屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)：英語閱讀詞句猜測(cè)題答題技巧答題技巧一I詞語猜測(cè)題一一巧用線索猜詞義詞語猜測(cè)題主要考查考生猜測(cè)文章中某個(gè)單詞或詞塊的含義，或考查該詞（塊）能被哪個(gè)單詞或詞塊代替。止匕外，也會(huì)考查某一個(gè)熟詞在具體語境中的特殊含義。近幾年高考每套題一般考查一個(gè)小題，個(gè)別情況考查兩個(gè)小題，主要考查以下幾個(gè)方面：1.綱外陌生詞（詞塊/習(xí)語）；2.陌生派生詞或合成詞；3.熟詞（詞塊）生義；4.有特殊含義的詞塊。技法一、利用構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義構(gòu)詞法能夠不借助閱讀上下文便能夠大體猜出詞義，然后再結(jié)合語境猜測(cè)，這樣事半功倍，而且具有雙重保險(xiǎn)，大大提高了解題效率和正確率。所以我們主張：可以利用構(gòu)詞法的，一定先利用構(gòu)詞法，再結(jié)合語境解題。構(gòu)詞法主要有派生、合成和轉(zhuǎn)化三種形式。例如2019年全國(guó)卷H第25題：tugattheheartstrings中的heartstrings是合成詞：heart（心）+string（弦）fheartstrings（心弦），故本單詞可能與feeling有關(guān)。[典例1] （2020?新高考卷II閱讀B）Theendoftheschoolyearwasinsightandspiritswerehigh.Iwasbackteachingafteranabsenceof15years,dealingwiththevariouskindsof"forbiddenfruit"thatcomeoutofbookbags.Nowwasthespringofthewaterpistol（手槍）.Idecidedtothinkupamethodofdealingwithforbiddenfruit.MyimaginaryGrandma'sBoxworkedlikemagicthatspring,andlater.SometimesstudentswouldaskmetodescribeallthethingsIhadinit.ThenIwouldtrytorememberthedifferentpossessionsIsupposedlyhadtakenaway-sinceIseldomactuallykeptthem.Usuallytheoffenderwouldappearattheendoftheday,andIwouldreturnthebelonging.25.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"theoffender”inparagraph8referto?A.Thestudenfsparent.B?ThemakeroftheGrandma'sBox.D.FAAallowsdronestoserveforthearmy.答案B［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段最后一句uOverthecourseofadecade,we\egonefromacompletebantoslow,heavilyregulated,andrestrictedinitialtesting.n可以看出，B項(xiàng)正確。］Theunderlinedphrase"subjectto”probablyrefersto.A.obey B.controlC.damage D.create答案A［詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在段落可知，美國(guó)聯(lián)邦航空局批準(zhǔn)了亞馬遜的空中無人機(jī)配送服務(wù)，亞馬遜還為此被歸類為“航空公司”，所以需要遵守相應(yīng)的航空規(guī)則，故選A。］WhafsParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thecompaniesallowedtousedronedeliveries.B?Amazonjoiningindronedeliveries.C.Dronedeliveriesusedinmedicalservice.D?ZiplineoperatinginAfricaandAmerica.答案A［段落大意題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知，Amazon,Google,和Zipline這三家公司均被允許一定程度上使用無人機(jī)進(jìn)行物品派送。故選A。］Whafstheauthor'sattitudetowardAmazon'sdronedeliveries?A.Neutral. B.Negative.C.Favorable. D.Indifferent答案C［觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“it'sgreatthatthegovernmentisgivingitthisnewroomtomaneuver.Toobadittookthefedsthislongtoallowit”可以判斷，作者支持使用無人機(jī)進(jìn)行物品派送。neutral中立的；negative消極的；favorable贊成的；indifferent漠不關(guān)心的。］【精深閱讀】一'詞匯積累lockdownn.活動(dòng)（或行動(dòng)）限制dronen.無人機(jī)commercialadj.商業(yè)的initiallyadv.起初grantv.準(zhǔn)予；授予weighuptofivepounds重達(dá)五磅二、語境訓(xùn)練——語境猜詞/單句語法填空/長(zhǎng)難句分析...theuseofunmannedaerialdevices...(Para.2)〃力.無人駕駛的，.一無人操縱的...afuturisticinnovation...(Para.6) 未來的Storesandcompanieswentondoingthehiring;insomeareas,itwasveryhardtogetgoodsdelivered(deliver).Overthecourseofadecade,we'vegonefromacompletebantoslow,heavily(heavy)regulated,andrestrictedinitialtesting.ToobadittooktheFedsthislongtoallowit,especiallyasthepandemicmadedronedeliveriesnotjustafuturisticinnovationbutsomethingwecouldhaveusedyesterday.(Para.5)［分析］本句為主從復(fù)合句。句首省略了Itis；something為先行詞,被定語從句wecouldhaveusedyesterday修飾和限定；其中定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作賓語,故可以省略。［翻譯］很糟糕的是，聯(lián)邦政府花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才允許無人機(jī)的使用，特別是在疫情之下，無人機(jī)派送不僅僅是一種未來的發(fā)明，更是我們?cè)驹谧蛱炀涂梢允褂玫姆?wù)。［背景鏈接］亞馬遜公司是美國(guó)最大的一家網(wǎng)絡(luò)電子商務(wù)公司，成立于1995年，位于華盛頓州的西雅圖。它是網(wǎng)絡(luò)上最早開始經(jīng)營(yíng)電子商務(wù)的公司之一，一開始只經(jīng)營(yíng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的書籍銷售業(yè)務(wù)，現(xiàn)在則擴(kuò)及了范圍相當(dāng)廣的其他產(chǎn)品，已成為全球商品品種最多的網(wǎng)上零售商和全球第二大互聯(lián)網(wǎng)企業(yè)。Theauthor'sgrandchild.Theowneroftheforbiddenfruit.【分析】利用構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義。er為后綴，當(dāng)其與動(dòng)詞綴合時(shí)，表示“做某事的人或物”；offend為動(dòng)詞，意為“違反；冒犯”，故offender有“犯規(guī)者，違反者”的含義。結(jié)合前文中出現(xiàn)的"forbiddenfruit”,以及后文提至『丁eturnthebelonging”，可推斷犯規(guī)者指的是擁有前述forbiddenfruit的人。故選D。技法二、利用上下文猜測(cè)詞義這是最常見的方法，一定要先從畫線詞語最近的位置找起，要求理解句子的順序是：本句的意思一前后句的意思一本段和前后段的意思【典例2] （2021?新高考卷I閱讀C）WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat（棲息地）.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate"meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire. B.Export.C.Destroy. D.Distribute.【分析】利用上下文猜測(cè)詞義。文章前兩句說，當(dāng)探險(xiǎn)家們第一次踏上北美洲大陸時(shí)，天上和大地上有許多各種各樣的野生動(dòng)物。美洲土著人很聰明地保護(hù)了這些寶貴的自然資源。下一句中的unfortunately表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義，由此推斷，畫線單詞所在句"Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.”意思是“不幸的是，僅僅幾十年后，探險(xiǎn)家和定居者就毀滅了大部分資源?！币簿褪钦f，畫線單詞decimate意思是“破壞;毀滅（destroy）”。首段最后兩句uMillionsofwaterfowl...greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat（棲息地）."進(jìn)一步說明了“探險(xiǎn)家和定居者對(duì)這里資源的破壞”。故選D。技法三、利用語法關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義利用下定義：be,mean,referto,becallcd/namcd,namely,thatis,beconsidered等詞語后面的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面的注解性說明，相當(dāng)于對(duì)前面的詞語下定義5種語法關(guān)國(guó)5種語法關(guān)國(guó)利用定語從句:尤其注意which/who后的非限制性定語從句）利用舉例：forexample,forinstance,suchas,like,include,including等后的內(nèi)容也有助于猜測(cè)利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)：注意破折號(hào)（一）、冒號(hào)（：）、分號(hào)（；）后的內(nèi)容；注意引號(hào)（”"）或括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容【典例3】（2021?全國(guó)甲卷閱讀C）Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite：Safe.Safemeantcool.ltmeanthello.ltmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam（橫桿），Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup：Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting：“Safe]Safe!Safe!”Andthafswhatmattered-landingtricks,beingagoodskater.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"Safe!Safe!Safe!”probablymean?A.Becareful! B.Welldone!C.Noway! D.Don'tworry!【分析】利用語法關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義。根據(jù)畫線詞后文的解釋說明“Andthat、whatmattered-landingtricks,beingagoodskater.”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，他的朋友大聲歡呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是贊美的含義。故選旦。技法四、利用邏輯關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義反義關(guān)系：根據(jù)畫線同的反義詞猜測(cè)詞義同義關(guān)系：根據(jù)畫線詞的相同或相近意義的同語猜測(cè)詞義因果關(guān)系:根據(jù)前后因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)同義表轉(zhuǎn)折:but,however,otherwise,though,eventhough反義關(guān)系：根據(jù)畫線同的反義詞猜測(cè)詞義同義關(guān)系：根據(jù)畫線詞的相同或相近意義的同語猜測(cè)詞義因果關(guān)系:根據(jù)前后因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)同義表對(duì)比：unlike,incontrast,while,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,ratherthan,insteadof表類同:similarly,like,or,namely,inotherwords,thatistosay,justas,and,also,aswellas,thesameas,as...as...表原因：because,since,becauseof,dueto,thanksto,for,asaresult（oO表結(jié)果：so,therefore,sothat,so/such...that...,leadto/resultin/contributeto【典例4] （2020?新高考卷I閱讀D）AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份），it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"beanpoles^inparagraph1referto?A.Bigeaters. B.OverweightpersonsC.Pickyeaters. D.Tallthinpersons.[分析】 利用邏輯關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義。根據(jù)"Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份），it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.",研究表明，與現(xiàn)存的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)（應(yīng)該避免和食量大的胖人一起吃飯）相反，你真正需要避開的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根據(jù)“contraryto”可知，畫線詞與heavierpeople含義相反。故選R答題技巧二I代詞猜測(cè)題一就近原則找指代代詞猜測(cè)題主要考查文章中的人稱代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞或關(guān)系代詞所指代的內(nèi)容。解答這類題目的時(shí)候一定要遵循就近原則，即：代詞往上找，就近原則不能忘，找出離代詞最近的名詞、詞組或句子等。第一步

明確代訶所指

代內(nèi)容的位置?

第二步

替換核實(shí)再

第一步

明確代訶所指

代內(nèi)容的位置?

第二步

替換核實(shí)再

比較用所找的指代內(nèi)容替換畫線代詞，核實(shí)句意是否合理，前后內(nèi)容是否一致比較所找部分與選項(xiàng)，確定意思最接近的選項(xiàng)【典例5] （2020?浙江7月卷閱讀B）ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,Washington,generallydon'tflashthesamelengthofgreentwiceinarow,especiallyatrushhour.At9：30am,thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbe140seconds.By9：33am,aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstrafficat9：37amcouldpushitdownto135.Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.Thatisbydesign.Bellevue,afast-growingcityjusteastofSeattle,usesasystemthatisgainingpopularityaroundtheUS：intersection（十字路口）signalsthatcanadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.Theselights,knownasadaptivesignals,haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Increasedlengthofgreenlights.B?Shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.Flexibletimingoftrafficsignals.Smoothtrafficflowontheroad.【分析】第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵信息：theunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2第二步定位到原句，并找出該詞所代替的內(nèi)容：根據(jù)代詞永遠(yuǎn)出現(xiàn)在原詞之后的原則，故代詞所指代的內(nèi)容應(yīng)在這一句的前面一句或者前面幾個(gè)句子中。所以該詞所代替的內(nèi)容為：Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.第三步綜合判斷得出答案：that指代第一段中的多變的交通信號(hào)燈時(shí)間。故選Co答題技巧三I句意猜測(cè)題一一意義吻合推句意句意猜測(cè)題一般出現(xiàn)在前后文有解釋的特殊含義的語句或高度概括句中，要求考生用合適的句子解釋這一語句或這一語句的某一部分。鎖定語句前后尋找，意義吻合是解題關(guān)鍵。I四比對(duì)fl羽總結(jié)，仔細(xì)比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，確定答案【典例6] （2019?浙江6月卷閱讀B）Moneywithnostringsattached.Ifsnotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed."Whatdoestheexpression“moneywithnostringsattached^inparagraph1mean?A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B?Moneynotlegallymade.C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D?Moneynottiedtogether.【分析】第一步定位到原句，找出題干關(guān)鍵信息在原文中的位置：moneywithnostringsattached第二步尋找信息句，找出與該句相關(guān)的信息句：“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”第三步分析選項(xiàng)，細(xì)讀信息句，合理推斷畫線句的句意。綜合判斷得出畫線句的意思應(yīng)該是“無條件提供錢”。第四步仔細(xì)比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，“Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.”符合句意。故選Co[對(duì)點(diǎn)練二 即學(xué)即練鞏固，練透練全練通精做模擬考題（2021?無錫市高三調(diào)研）Havingmetonlyweeksbefore,climbersEdmundHillaryandTenzingNorgayshookhandsbeforehuggingeachotherinamomentthatwouldputtheirnamesinhistorybooksforever.Theywereontopoftheworld-literally.AfterfivehoursofcontinuousclimbingthetwofirstclimbedtothetopofMountQomolangma,thehighestspotonearth.Astheultimateclimbinggoalforthembothandthedreamofmostclimbers,theyhadjust15minutestoabsorbtheexperienceofbeingat8,848.86metresabovesealevel.Beanylongerandtheymaynothavemadeitbacktocamptotellthetale.Withthisinmind,thepairspentsomeoftheirpreciousminutessearchingtheareaforsignsofthosewhohadbeenbeforethem.ThebodiesoftwopreviousQomolangmahopefuls—AndrewIrvineandGeorgeMalloryofthe1924attempt-wereinthethoughtsofNorgayandHillary.However,theycouldfindnosignofthemhavingreachedthetop.Qomolangmahasbeenresponsibleforclaimingover300livesandendangeringmanyothers,asitposeshugeandunpredictablechallenges,withhighaltitudes（海拔）puttingimmensepressureonhumanbiologyandwithitsicylandmakingeachsteparisk.Whentheclimbersmadeitbacktocampandthenewsspread,globaladmirationandfamepouredin.NorgayandHillaryweredeterminedtobethefirsttoconquertheworld'shighestmountain.Theyhaddoneit.Atthetimetheybelievedthattheboxhadbeentickedandnooneelsewouldputthemselvesthroughthedangertorepeattheirachievement.Theycouldn'thavebeenmorewrong.Todayhundredsofpeoplechoosetofollowintheirfootstepseveryyear.Incontrasttothetotalisolation（孤獨(dú)）feltonthefirstsuccessfuljourney,duringtimesofidealweatherconditions,queuesformuptothemountain'ssummit.Thiscreatesdangerouspauses（停頓）inthemountain'smostdeadlyzones.Whetheryoubelievetheseadventurerstobebrave,admirableoroutoftheirminds,itisclearthatHillaryandNorgayhaveprovidedknowledgeandinspirationformanytofindouthowitfeelstotrulybeontopoftheworld.【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。主要介紹了世界上第一次登上珠穆朗瑪峰的登山者埃德蒙?希拉里和丹增?諾蓋的故事，以及他們對(duì)后世的影響。WhatdidEdmundHillaryandTenzingNorgaydoonthetopoftheworld?TheymeasuredtheheightofMountQomolangma.Theycelebratedtheirvictorywithmanyclimbers.Theytriedtofindsignsofearlierclimbers.Theysharedtheexperienceaslongas15minutes.答案C［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“thepairspent...hadbeenbeforethem”可知，埃德蒙?希拉里和丹增?諾蓋在世界之巔尋找早期登山者的跡象，故C項(xiàng)正確。］2.WhatcanbeinferredaboutAndrewIrvineandGeorgeMalloryfromthepassage?A.TheysucceededinreachingthetopofMountQomolangmafirst.B?TheylosttheirlivesintheirattempttoconquerMountQomolangma.TheyweregoodfriendsofEdmundHillaryandTenzingNorgay.Theydiedbecausetheydidn'treturntotheircampintime.答案B［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ThebodiesoftwopreviousQomolangmahopefuls...NorgayandHillary”可知，安德魯,歐文和喬治,馬洛里在征服珠穆朗瑪峰的途中喪生，故B項(xiàng)正確。］Whatdoestheunderlinedword“immense“inParagraph3mean?A.Huge. B.Outside.C.Minimum. D.Limited.答案A［詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文中的“itposeshugeandunpredictablechallenges^^可知，珠穆朗瑪峰給登山者帶來了巨大的不可預(yù)測(cè)的挑戰(zhàn)；再結(jié)合下文中的“highaltitudes（海拔）puttingimmensepressureonhumanbiology”和常識(shí)可知，過高的海拔會(huì)給人體帶來巨大的壓力，故A項(xiàng)與畫線詞的意義最為接近。］WhatwillthepresentQomolangmaclimbersbelikelytofacecomparedwithNorgayandHillary?A.Moreterribleloneliness.B?Moreidealweatherconditions.Moredeadlyzones.Moredangerousstops.答案D［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Thiscreatesdangerouspauses（停頓）inthemountain^mostdeadlyzones可知，與埃德蒙?希拉里和丹增?諾蓋相比，現(xiàn)在的珠穆朗瑪峰攀登者面臨著更多危險(xiǎn)的停滯，故D項(xiàng)正確。］挑戰(zhàn)夕卜刊閱讀WhentheworldrespondedtotheCOVID_19epidemicwithbroadlockdownorders,homedeliveryserviceslackedthemanpower(人力)tokeepupwiththeexplosionindemand.Storesandcompanieswentondoingthehiring;insomeareas,itwasveryhardtogetgoodsdelivered.Youknowwhatmighthavemadethingsabiteasier?Drones.lthastakenyearsfortheFederalAviationAdministration(FAA)toallowtheuseofunmannedaerialdevicesforcommercialdelivery.Overthecourseofadecade,we'vegonefromacompletebantoslow,heavilyregulated,andrestrictedinitialtesting.AttheendofAugust,2020,theFAAfinallygaveAmazonapprovalforitsPrimeAirdronedeliveryfleet.ltdidthatbyclassifyingAmazo