構詞法(公開課)課件

Nevertrouble

troubleuntil

trouble

troublesyou.Grammar構詞法(WordFormation)2016高考英語語法總復習Ifyoumeetthenewwordswhilereading,whatwillyoudo?It’snotalwaysnecessarytounderstandthemeaningofeveryword,justgoonreading!

Guessthemeaning!

How?

Whenwedealwiththeproblemsinreadingcomprehension,wecanuseWordFormationtohelpus,butthecontext(上下文，語境)isalsoveryimportant.1.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonest

person.2.Whenthelittleboyfinished,hisfatherwas

speechless.3.Abad-lookingpickpocketstolemywallet.根據構詞法猜詞

首先要熟悉基本的構詞法及其規(guī)律,其次要掌握一定的詞根和詞綴。如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。小結dis+honest不誠實的speech+less

說不出話的pick+pocket扒手構詞法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compounding)

轉化法（Conversion）縮略法（Abbreviation）

ableunable;teachteacherspace+shipspaceshipvisitv.visitn.Doityourself.DIY合成詞Compoundpain-killer＋＝止痛藥color-blind色盲＋＝夢游sleep-walker二、合成法（Compounding）highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted

把兩個或兩個以上獨立的詞合成一個新詞。一.合成名詞例詞newspaper;

含義greenhouse;溫室效應handwriting;書寫waiting-room;等候室earthquakesunrise日出necklace項鏈sightseeing觀光報紙地震二.合成動詞夢游；做白日夢Overwork;Oversleep加班，勞累過度；睡過頭whitewash刷白sleepwalk;daydream三.合成形容詞人造的snow-white雪白的English-speaking講英語的man-made含義例詞Short-lived;短暫的light-blue淺藍色的good-looking好看的warm-hearted熱心腸的second-hand二手的hard-working勤勞的well-known有名的underground地下的1)Thefirelastedabout4hoursbeforethe__

______couldcontrolit.2)Atschoolsheformedaclose_________withseveralothergirls.3)Theydecidetospendtheirholidayatthe_______.4)Heputonahatand________beforehewentout.5)Theyoftenperforminthestreetsforthe_________.6)I’msureyouwillbe__________soon.passers-bywell-knownfirefightersfriendshipseasideovercoat1.Makecompoundwordsafterthemodels.A:passer,well,sea,fire,over,

friend,

B:by,known,side,

fighter,

coat,ship,

Model:part+time=part-time2.Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.派生法Derivation派生法前綴后綴否定前綴其他前綴名詞后綴形容詞后綴副詞后綴動詞后綴否定前綴其他前綴加前綴：happy---

___happy

加后綴：

develop---

develop_______既加前綴又加后綴：employ---____employ_______unmentunment派生詞（derivation）

1.派生詞

注意:前綴一般只改變詞義,

不改變詞性;后綴一般只改變

詞性,不引起詞義變化Derivation:

1)前綴:

(1)agree-like-

appear-(2)correct-incorrect,possible-impossible,regular-irregular,(3)happy-unhappy,able-unable,fit-unfit,(4)stop-nonstop,verbal(語言的）-nonverbal(非語言的)(5)write-rewrite,view-review

disagreedislikedisappear2)后綴:

(1)構成名詞：

(2)構成形容詞:(3)構成動詞:(4)構成副詞:(5)構成數詞:-er,-ese,-ist,-ian,-ment,-tion,-ness,-th.-al,-an,-ful,-ing,-y,-less-fy,-is(z)e:beautify,realize-ly:

badly-teen,-ty,-ththirteen,sixty,twelfth,fifthemployer,Chinese,socialist,musicianagreement,collection,illness,truthnational,American,careful,

exciting,cloudy,useless一、派生法（Derivation）由詞根(root)加前綴（prefix）或后綴（suffix）構成新詞。un-否定前綴dis-in-im-mis-non-

understandpolitesmokeragreefairvisibleIsitdifficultforyoutogetupinthemorning?Doyousometimesoversleep?1.over-:toomuchoverwork,overeatabovesth;acrossovercoat,overheadSomeimportantprefixes:

Thetrainsare____________onFridayevenings.(crowded)overcrowded

Heenlargedhisvocabularybyreadingwidely.2.en-

動詞前綴enable,endanger,Readingcan

______ourlife.(rich)enrichSomeimportantsuffixes:-ment,-ion,-ness,-tion,-ful,-able,-less,-en等sharpenapencilstrengthenbrightensharpadj.

sharpenv.__________________strength

_____________

bright3.Writeouttheoriginalwords.unchangeableadj._______dislikev.__________impossibilityn._________unfriendlyadj.__________overworkv.______________misunderstandingn.____________athleticadj.______________misreadv.________translatorn._____________

changelike

possiblefriendwook

understandathletereadtranslateII.構詞法專練。給下列單詞加上前綴dis-,un-,in-或im-,構成意思相反的詞。1.agree_______ 2.complete_________3.healthy_________4.important________5.able_______ 6.cover_________7.known_______ 8.practical_________9.tidy_______ 10.perfect_________11.visible_______ 12.fit_________disagree incompleteunhealthyunimportantunablediscover/uncoverunknownimpracticaluntidyimperfectinvisibleunfitPractice(II):

rain(形容詞)________agree(反義)__________nation(形容詞)_______farm(人)__________recent(副詞)________friend(形容詞)________hope(形容詞)_______back(形容詞)_________visit(名詞)__________home(形容詞)________eight(序數詞)________true(名詞)___________America(形容詞)_______China(形容詞)________按括號內的要求改寫下列單詞rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlybackwardshomelesstruthChinese1.Hewasoneofthebest_______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)2.Look!How_______Kateislaughing!(happy)3.Itsnowed_______lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)4.Edisonwasagreat________.Duringhislifehehadmany__________.(invent)playershappilyheavilyinventorinventions

構詞法精練Usetheappropriateformofthewordstofillintheblanks.5.Moreandmore_________havecometovisitChinaovertheseyears.（foreign）6.Wewant___________reasonsforyourfailuretohelp.(satisfy)7.Pleasegivemesomereferencework.Itwill________mytask.(simple)8.ThedoctorsaidthatMary’smotherneededan_________.(operate)

foreigners

satisfactorysimplifyoperation9.Shehopedthathersonwouldbecomea_________.(music)10.Few________wordsmadeusexcited.(speak)11.Thedaysonthemoongethotterthan________water.(boil)12.Thankyouforyour_________.(kind)13.Manycollegestudentsworkwhiletheyarestudyingbecausetheywanttomakesomemo