閱讀理解細節(jié)題解題技巧課件講義

閱讀理解解題技巧之StrategiesforQuestionsofDetails細節(jié)理解題.數(shù)量年份項目2014主旨作者意細節(jié)理猜測詞大意圖、觀解義點態(tài)度11112推理判斷52013201232119132153Intheanimalkingdom,weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimal.Thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso.ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople.Iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme,pourcreamintomycoffee,orhelpmetoputonmycoat.AndIhavediscoveredthatitmakesthemhappy.2011年廣東26.Theauthorhasdiscoveredthatpeoplewillfeelhappywhen______.A.theyoffertheirhelpB.theyreceiveothers'helpC.theyfeelothers'kindnessD.theyshowtheirweakness迅速定位：在題干找定位詞1A?解題思路：?如何迅速地找答案？?1.定位信息點－－通過尋讀法，用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞（包括專有名詞、數(shù)詞、實體名詞、形容詞、副詞，以及這些詞的同義詞）在文中搜索，迅速確定相關(guān)詞句或信息點所在的位置，縮小閱讀范圍。注意：文章中反復出現(xiàn)的專有名詞是全文描述對象的中心，沒有唯一出處，所以不能算是定位詞。2.排除字眼相同或相近但意思相悖的選項，正確選項與原文意思相同但表達不同。鞏固練習1Frommywheelchairexperience,Iseethebestinpeople,butsometimesIfeelsadbecausethosewhoappearindependentmissthekindnessIseedaily.Theydon'tgettoseethissoftsideofothers.Often,wetryeverywaypossibletoavoidshowingourweakness,whichincludesalotofpretending.Butonlywhenwestoppretendingwe'rebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthat'sinthem.2011年廣東DTheauthorfeelssadsometimesbecause________.A.hehasasoftheartB.hereliesmuchonothersC.somepeoplepretendtobekind.D.somepeoplefailtoseethekindnessinothers鞏固練習2?Eventually,however,Iwonthesupportofmyfamily,andIsentinallthepaperworkneededfortheapplication.Aftercountlessinterviewsandpresentations,Imanagedtostandoutamongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone.Severalmonthslater,Ifinallyreceivedacallaskingmetoreportfortheduty.2014年廣東?Inhisapplicationforthevolunteerjob,theauthor_________.?A.participatedinmanydiscussions?B.wentthroughchallengingsurvivaltestssurvivaltests生存測試?C.wrotequiteafewpapersonvoluntarywork?D.facedstrongcompetitionfromothercandidatesD迅速定位：找題干定位詞2WhenIwasgrowingupinAmerica,Iwasashamedofmymother'sChineseEnglish.BecauseofherEnglish,shewasoftentreatedunfairly.Peopleindepartmentstores,atbanks,andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously,didnotgivehergoodservice,pretendednottounderstandher,orevenactedasiftheydidnothearher.2010年廣東Whywastheauthor'smotherpoorlyserved?A.ShewasunabletospeakgoodEnglish.B.Shewasoftenmisunderstood.C.Shewasnotclearlyheard.D.Shewasnotverypolite.A解題思路：?題干設(shè)計有時候會避開原文中所用的詞匯，而用其同義詞、近義詞、反義詞或同根詞設(shè)題。?做這類題目時，考生需要對原文信息進行加工處理，然后再進行進一步的推理或鑒別，這是介于事實細節(jié)題和推理判斷題之間的一種題型，對考生來說有一定難度。鞏固練習?Butthekeyissueisreallymoney．Chinaisalreadyspendinghundredsofbillionsofyuanondomesticrailwayexpansion．Accordingtothepassage，thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh-speedrailwayplanis________C．A．technicalissuesB．safetyofthesystemC．financialproblemsD．maintenanceofrailwaytracks2010年江蘇迅速定位：2.找選項中的定位詞?Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithkindsofharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.?WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue??A.Foodpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.?B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.?C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.?D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.BJaekwon'snewideaisnotonlyinthebattery'ssize,butalsoinitssemiconductor(半導體).Kwon'sbatteryusesaliquidsemiconductorratherthanasolidsemiconductor.“Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergy,partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure(晶格結(jié)構(gòu))ofthesolidsemiconductor,”Kwonsaid.“Byusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”TogetherwithJ.DavidRobertson,chemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactor,Kwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuture,theyhopetoincreasethebattery'spower,shrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatthebatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.?AccordingtoJaeKwon,hisnuclearbattery_____.A.usesasolidsemiconductorB.willsoonreplacethepresentonesC.couldbeextremelythinD.haspassedthefinaltestC數(shù)字計算題?解題思路：?數(shù)字計算題也是近幾年高考中?？嫉膬?nèi)容，解答此類試題的方法是先來理解文章的大意，然后經(jīng)過對比、分析、計算等就能夠得出正確的答案。?Morepersonalizedwildlifeviewinglimitedto130peopleprovidingcloserviewingofthepenguinarrivalthanthemainviewingstands.?Adult$25.00Child$12.502014高三模擬?Howmuchwouldacouplewithonechildpayforacloserviewingtour??A$37.50.B.$62.50.C.$25.00.D.$12.50.B四、排序題HowNat'sTwitterFeederWorks:Whenamessageissentto@feedtobyitisreceivedbyamini-computerthatislinkedtothefoodmachine.Whenthemini-computerreceivesthemessage,abellringsandTobycomesrunningoverandsitsinfrontofthefeedingmachine.Nextthemachine'smotorpullsopenatrapdoorwhichreleasesaservingoffood.ThedoggybiscuitsthendropsintoToby'sfoodbowl.FinallyadigitalcameratakesaphotoofhimandsendsitbacktoNatonTwitter-soheknowsTobyhasbeenfed.34.WhichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectorderofhowtheTwitterFeederworks?a.Thebellgoesoff.b.Amessageissentto@feedtoby.c.Themini-computergetsthemessage.d.ThedigitalcameratakesaphotoofTobyandsendsittoNat.e.Themotorstartstoworkandopensthedoortoreleasedogfood.A.a,b,c,e,dB.b,c,e,a,dC.b,c,a,e,dD.c,b,a,d,eC排列順序題?解題思路：?做這種題時可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一個事件和最后一個事件，迅速縮小選擇范圍，從而快速選出正確答案。鞏固練習?In1905,AlbertEinsteinpublishedsomeimportantpapersinaGermanscientificmagazine.Theyincludedoneofthemostimportantscientificdocumentsinhistory.Itexplainedwhatcametobecalledhis“SpecialTheoryofRelativity”.Tenyearslater,heexpandedittoa“GeneralTheoryofRelativity”.In1921,hewontheNobelPrizeinPhysics.Itwasgiventohimnotforhistheoriesofrelativity,butforhisdiscoveryofthelawofthephotoelectriceffect.AlbertEinsteinleftGermanyin1933.hemovedtotheUnitedStatestocontinuehisresearch.EinsteinbecameacitizenoftheUnitedStatesin1940.?What'stherightorderofthefollowingeventsaboutAlbertEinstein??aHebecameacitizenoftheUnitedStates?bHewontheNobelPrizeinPhysics?cHePutforwardhis“GeneralTheoryofRelativity”.?dHeleftGermanyfortheUnitedStates?Ad,b,c,aBd,a,c,bCb,c,d,aDc,b,d,aD綜合檢測?【2010全國II】A篇WhenIwassix,Dadbroughthomeadogoneday,whowascalled“Brownie”,MybrothersandIalllovedBrownieanddiddifferentthingswithher.Oneofuswouldwalkher,anotherwouldfeedher,thentherewerebaths,playingcatchandmanyothergames.Brownie,inreturn,lovedeachandeveryoneofus.Onethingthatmosttouchedmyheartwasthatshewouldgotowhoeverwassickandjustbewiththem.Wealwaysfeltbetterwhenshewasaround.?41.WhatwouldBrowniedowhensomeonewasillinthefamily?A.Lookatthemsadly.B.Keepthemcompany.C.Playgameswiththem.D.Touchthemgently.B小結(jié)：?細節(jié)理解解題方法三大法寶：順序原則、定位詞、排除法1.把握解題的順序原則。一般來說隱含題目答案的位置與題目的順序是一致的，這能幫助我們縮小尋找范圍，大大提高效率。2.通過定位詞尋找出題點通過定位詞解題，就是說我們在閱讀題干的時候迅速的把題干中有標記意義的詞或詞組劃記出來，然后用這個詞回到原文當中定位。3.排除法（1）正確選項的特征正確選項雖然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改寫，意思不變。如換一個同義詞，把否定改為肯定，把肯定改為否定等。a．張冠李戴：把A事物的特點說成是B事物的，企圖混淆視聽。b.斷章取義：抓住一個字眼或細節(jié)做文章，對作者本意歪曲的理解。c.過度猜測：文中并沒有出現(xiàn)和選項一致的直接信息，選項對文意進行了不切實際的過度猜測。????綜合檢測1?AtraincrashhappenedlateSaturdaywhentrainD301hitTrainD3115nearWenzhouinJiangsuProvince,leavingatleast39peopledeadand192othersinjured.?Q:Howmanypersonsweredeadandinjuredintheaccident??A.Atleast39B.192C.About231D.About153C綜合檢測2ButDavid'sbiggestheadacheiswhattodowithhismoney.Eventhoughheearnsalot,hecannotdriveacar,takeoutamortgage,orgetcreditcards.DavidgothisjobwiththeLiverpool-basecompanyfourmonthsago,ayearafterleavingschoolwithsixO-levelsandworkingforatimeinacomputershop.“IgotthejobbecausethepeoplewhorunthefirmknewIhadalreadywrittensomeprograms,”hesaid.Davidspendssomeofhismoneyonrecordsandclothes,andgiveshismother50poundsaweek.Butmostofhissparetimeisspentworking.Q:WhywasDavidabletogetthejobinthecompany?A.Hehaddonewellinallhisexams.B.hehadwrittensomecomputerprograms.C.Hewasgoodatplayingcomputergames.D.Hehadlearnttousecomputersatschool.B?2014年高考?JudyForemanspottedthesamephraseonawarehousewallfarawayfromhome.Whenitstayedonhermindfordays,shegaveupanddroveallthewaybacktocopyitdown.“Ithoughtitwasbeautiful,”shesaid,explainingwhyshe'dtakentowritingitatthebottomofallherletters,“l(fā)ikeamessagefromabove.”32.JudyForemancopieddownthephrasebecauseshe______..?A.thoughtitwasbeautifullywritten?B.wantedtoknowwhatitreallymeant?C.decidedtowriteitonawarehousewall?D.wantedherhusbandtoputitupintheclassroomAOneofhismostfamouscontributions,theHippocraticOath,isthefoundationofcontemporarymedicalethics(道德).Amongotherthings,itrequiresaphysiciantoAswearthatheorshewillhelpthesick,keeponeselffromintentionalwrong-doingorharm,andkeepsecretBallmatterstokeepthedoctor-patientrelationship.C34.AllofthefollowingareincludedintheHippocraticOathEXCEPT________.A.helpingpatientsB.keepingoneselffromharmingpatientsC.keepingsecretallmatterstomaintainagoodrelationshipwiththepatients無中生有D.obeyingrulesformodernmedicinepracticeDThebabywasinareceivingblanketwithhisheadcoveredfortheshorttripthroughthecoldair-conditionedcorridor.Thebabywasplacedinhismother'sarms,whoeasedtheblanketbacksothatshecouldlookatherchildforthefirsttime.Shetookonelookatherbaby'sfaceandlookedtoherhusbandandgasped,“Oh,Honey!Look!Hehasyourears!”無中生有D38.Whatistrueaboutthebaby'smother?無中生有A.Sheblamedherhusbandforthebaby'sbigears.B.Shewasthefirsttodiscoverthebaby'slargeears.C.Shesuggestedhavinganoperationonthebaby無中生有immediately.2012茂名二模?Thefutureseemedterribleandmanywerewonderingiftheywouldmakeitthroughthestorm.Andthen,Isuddenlysawagirltowhomthestormmeantnothing.Shejustsatonherseatandwasreadingabook.Everythingwithinhersmallworldwascalmandorderly.Sometimessheclosedhereyes,thenshewouldreadagain;thenshewouldstraightenherlegs,butworryandfearwerenotinherworld.?29．Whichistherightorderofthedescriptionaboutthegirlwhenotherswerescaredhalftodeath??a．Sheclosedhereyes.?b．Shestraightenedherlegs.?c．Shewentonreading.?d．Shesatonherseatreading.?A．d-a-c-bB．d-c-a-b2014深圳一模?C．a(chǎn)-d-b-cD．a(chǎn)-b-c-dA1.Deathwillcomemainlyfromaccidents,murderandwar.Today'sleadingkillers,suchasheartdiseases,cancer,andagingitself,willbecomedistantmemory.?Accordingtothepassage,humandeathisnowmainlycausedby____.A?A．diseasesandagingB．a(chǎn)ccidentsandwar?C．a(chǎn)ccidentsandagingD．heartdiseaseandwar3.Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.FredEpstein,inhisbookIfIMakeIttoFive,tellsastoryheheardfromoneoffriendsaboutTom,afour-year-oldboywithacancerinhisbackbone.Hecamethroughseveraloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimagination.?26.WhatdoweknowaboutTom?AA.HewasseriouslyillB.Hewasadishonestboy.C.HewascrazyaboutmagicD.HewasDr.Epstein'spatient2013年高考4.HisdogTobygetssomedeliciousdogbiscuitsfromacomputer-controlledfoodmachinewheneverNatsendsamessageto“@feedtoby”.?Natoftenworksawayfromhomeandisn'talwaysabletofeedTobybyhand.ButhisnewinventionallowsNattofeedhisdogfromanywhereintheworld.（2014廣州一模）?31.Nathasinventedahigh-techwaytofeedhisdogbecausehe__________.?A.wantshisfriendstofeedTodyB.hasverystrongcomputingskillsC?C.isoftentoobusytofeedhisdogD.（2014廣州一模）5.Inthestudy,100collegestude