（2021年）湖北省武漢市大學英語6級大學英語六級模擬考試(含答案)

（2021年）湖北省武漢市大學英語6級大學英語六級模擬考試(含答案)學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、1.Writing(10題)1.Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicEconomicDevelopmentandMoralDecline.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:

1.近年來我國經(jīng)濟建設取得了很大成就;

2.但與此同時,社會風氣隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展也日益下降

3.我的觀點……

2.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheValueofScience.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.有的人認為，科學的價值在于對人類物質(zhì)生活的提高作出了巨大貢獻；另一些人則認為，科學的真正價值在于它提高了人的整體素質(zhì).你的看法如何？寫出你的觀點，并適當舉例說明你的理由.

3.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledNatureorNurture.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.有些人認為遺傳因素起決定作用；

2．也有人認為環(huán)境影響作用更大；

3．你的觀點。

4.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthefollowinggraphwhichshowsthechangesinthenumberofcollegegraduateswhochosetobeteachersortogointobusiness.ThesuggestedtitleisToBeaBusinessmanortoBeaTeacher.Youshouldwritenolessthan150wordsandyourwritingshouldcontainthefollowingideas:

1.大學畢業(yè)中選擇教師職業(yè)的人越來越少。

2.大學畢業(yè)和中在大公司里謀職從商的人越來越多。

3.出現(xiàn)這種情況的原因：在大公司工作工資待遇高，發(fā)展機會較多，可以較充分地實現(xiàn)個人的價值。

5.假如你是李靜，你想向校長申請參加西部大開發(fā)，你要給校長寫一封信，信的內(nèi)容包括：

1.表達自已想要參加西部大開發(fā)的愿望；

2.簡要說明自己的理由。

6.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:Travel-mateWanted.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

假設你是李明，假期即將到來，你打算做一次為期三周的旅行，希望找個外國朋友作為游伴(Travel-mate)，擬—個尋游伴的啟事，交代清楚日程安排、費用分擔情況、對對方的要求等，并說明對方和你一起出游的好處。

Travel-mateWanted

7.Directions:Farthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:OverseasStudyatanEarlyAge.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.目前很多父母在子女高中畢業(yè)前就送他們出國學習

2．形成這種趨勢的原因

3．我對此的看法

8.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledLeft-behindChildrenintheCountryside.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.留守兒童的現(xiàn)象在農(nóng)村非常普遍

2.這種現(xiàn)象帶來的弊端

3.我診斷該如何時處理這些問題

9.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledBuyingandSellingStocksasaStudent.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.在校大學生炒股的現(xiàn)象在一些地主很普遍

2.有人認為這種行為不利于學生的學習也有人認為這種行為也能讓學生有所收獲

3.你的觀點

BuyingandSellingStocksasaStudent

10.1.大量民工流入城市

2．人們對民工大量流入城市所持的不同看法

3．我的觀點

RuralWorkers:AMixedBlessingfortheCity

二、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(10題)11.Thegreatbiologicplausibilitymakesitpossibletousemicrobicidesandoral-preventiondrugstopreventHIVinthenext10years.

12.

TheJobberswilldealwithimmenseflexibilityasprincipalsbecausetheyarebuyingandsellingshares______.

13.

Ajournalistsucceedsmoreeasilythanastockbroker.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

Themostimportantfactorthatleadstohungerindevelopingcountriesis______.

A.lostcrops

B.globalgreenhouseeffect

C.economiccrisis

D.poverty

15.

Washington,D.C.is______oftheU.S.

16.America'sBrainDrainCrisis

LosingtheGlobalEdge

WilliamKunzisaself-describedcomputergeek.Amoreaptdescriptionmightbecomputergenius.Whenhewasjust11,Kunzstartedwritingsoftwareprograms,andby14hehadcreatedhisownvideogame.AsahighschoolsophomoreinHouston,Texas,hewonfirstprizeinalocalsciencefairforadataencryption(編密碼)programhewrote.Inhissenioryear,hetooktopprizeinaninternationalscienceandengineeringfairfordesigningaprogramtoanalyzeandsortDNApatterns.

KunzwentontoattendCarnegieMellon,amongthenation'shighest-rankeduniversitiesincomputerscience.AftercollegehelandedajobwithOracleinSiliconValley,writingsoftwareusedbycompaniesaroundtheworld.

Kurtzlookedsettobecomeastarinhisfield.Thenhegaveitallup.

Today,threeyearslater,KurtzisinhisfirstyearatHarvardBusinessSchool.Heleftsoftwareengineeringpartlybecausehisearningpotentialpalednexttofriendswhoweregoingintolaworbusiness.Healsoworriedaboutjobsecurity,especiallyasmorecompaniesmovetheirprogrammingoverseastolowercosts."Everytimeyou'reaskedtotrainsomeoneinIndia,youthink,'AmItrainingmyreplacement?'"Ktnzsays.

Thingsareturningoutverydifferentlyforanotherstandoutinengineering,Qing-ShanJia.AstudentatTsinghuaUniversityinBeijing,Jiashinesevenamonghisgiftedcohorts(一群人)ataschoolsometimescalled"theMITofChina".HeconsideredapplyingtoHarvardforhisPhD,butdecideditwasn'tworthit.

Hisuniversityisinvestingheavilyincutting-edgeresearchfacilities,andattractsanimpressiverosterofinternationalprofessors."Icangetaworld-classeducationhereandstudywithworld-classscholars,"Jiasays.

Thesetwosnapshots(快照)illustratepartofadeeplydisturbingpicture.Inthedisciplinesunderpinningthehigh-techeconomy-math,scienceandengineering-Americaissteadilylosingitsglobaledge.Thedepthandbreadthoftheproblemisclear:

-SeveralofAmerica'skeyagenciesforscientificresearchanddevelopmentwillfacearetirementcrisiswithinthenexttenyears.

-Lessthan6%ofAmerica'shighschoolseniorsplantopursueengineeringdegrees,down36%fromadecadeago.

-In2000,56%ofChina'sundergraduatedegreeswereinthehardsciences;intheUnitedStates,thefigurewas17%.

-ChinawilllikelyproducesixtimesthenumberofengineersnextyearthanAmericawillgraduate,accordingtoMikeGibbonsoftheAmericanSocietyforEngineeringEducation.Japan,withhalfAmerica'spopulation,hasminted(鑄造)twiceasmanyinrecentyears.

"MostAmericansareunawareofhowmuchsciencedoesforthiscountryandwhatwestandtoloseifwecan'tkeepup,"saysShirleyAnnJackson,presidentofRensselaerPolytechnicInstituteandchairoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience.DavidBaltimore,presidentoftheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyandaNobellaureate,putsitbluntly:"Wecan'thopetokeepintactourstandardofliving,ournationalsecurity,ourwayoflife,ifAmericansaren'tcompetitiveinscience."

TheCrisisAmericansCreated

InJanuary2001,theHart-RudmanCommission,taskedwithfindingsolutionstoAmerica'smajornationalsecuritythreats,concludedthatthefailuresofAmerica'smathandscienceeducationandAmerica'ssystemofresearch"poseagreaterthreat...thananypotentialconventionalwar."

Therootsofthisfailurelieinprimaryandsecondaryeducation.Thenationthatproducedmostofthegreattechnologicaladvancesofthelastcenturynowscorespoorlyininternationalsciencetesting.A2003surveyofmathandscienceliteracyrankedAmerican15-year-oldsagainstkidsfrom

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

TheUnitedStatessmashedArabnationalismsoasto______.

18.

Mr.Symondsandhisassociateswere______withtheauthor'sreplies.

19.ClosingtheDeal

Salesandmarketingjobsatpharmaceutical(制藥的)companiesoffertheopportunitytocombinesciencewithsocialskillsandcreativetalent.HannahHoaginvestigatesthepitch.

ForGeorginaSmith,acareerinmedicalsalescombinedherdualinterestsinscienceandbusiness.Aftercompletingherbachelor'sdegreeinbiomedicalscience,SmithjoinedAstraZenecaasajuniormedicalrepresentative.TodayshedrivesaroundLondonvisitingphysicians,pharmacists,nursesandpracticemanagers,promotinggastrointestinal(胃與腸的)andrespiratory(呼吸的)treatments.

Smithfeelshersciencetraininggivesheranadvantageinsales."Noteveryonehasthatbackground.Itallowsmetotalkonthesamelevelasthephysicianandtounderstandthebroaderpicture,"shesays.

LikeSmith,manysciencegraduateschoosetomoveintothepharmaceuticalindustrybutleavethelabworktoothers.Salesandmarketingcareersallowsciencegraduatestointeractwithavarietyofpeopleinthepharmaceuticalchain,fromresearchersandregulatorstophysiciansandpatientgroups.

IntheUnitedStates,thepharmaceuticalindustryemploysmorethan100,000peopletopayvisitstophysiciansandpromotemedicines.Thereareanother100,000orsoofthesesalesrepresentativesinEurope.Thisface-to-facecontactsellsbillionsofdollarsworthofdrugsannually.From2000to2005thenumberofsalesreps(representatives的縮寫)continuedtogrow—byasmuchas60%inEurope.Butnowcompaniesaredownsizingteamsandinvestinginsalesqualityinstead.

"Salesdrivesthebottomlineforthesecorporations,"saysTomRuff,presidentandchiefexecutiveofTomRuffCompany,afirmbasedinManhattanBeach,California,thatspecializesinmedicaldeviceandpharmaceuticalsales,andsalesmanagementrecruiting."Thesalesrepresentativeplaysacriticalrole."

SellCulture

Theprimarypurposeofapharmaceuticalsalesrepistopromotethecompany'sproductstocustomers.Theseareusuallygroupsofphysicians,hospitalsorotherhealthcareproviders.Intheseentry-levelpositions,thereplearnsaboutregulatoryguidelinesandpresentingtheproducttothecustomer.Theyaregenerallyexpectedtomakeeightcallsperday."Asthesalesrepmovesupinlevelfromentrytoseniormedicalrepresentative,theybecomemoreknowledgeableabouttheircustomermarket,takeresponsibilityforpre-andpost-callplanning,andhavemoreadvancedanalyticalskills,"saysMicheleCrocco,directorofhumanresources,commercialoperationsatRocheinNutley,NewJersey.Theymaybecomedivisionalsalesmanagers,shesays,coachingandevaluatingothersalesreps.

Acareerinsalesrequirestherightsortofpersonality.Thosewhoexcelareoutgoingpeoplewhoenjoythechallengeof"makingtheclose",saysChrisJock,vice-presidentandgeneralmanagerforglobaloperationsatKellyScientificResourcesinTroy,Michigan.Theyarepersuasive,competitiveandconfidentself-starters.Ultimately,performanceisjudgedonthenumberofprescriptionssoldandcontactsmade,whichcanmakepharmaceuticalsalesahigh-pressurejob.

Evenentry-levelsalespositionsfrequentlydemandprevioussalesexperience."Companieswantaproventrackrecordofsuccessinsales,"saysRuff,whoaddsthatexperiencesellinginthehealthcareindustryisn'tnecessary.Infact,RuffrecommendsfreshgraduatesgainacoupleofyearssalesexperienceataFortune500companyknownforitssalestrainingbeforeenteringpharmaceuticalsales.

Butpeoplewithsciencebackgrounds,orwhoaregoodatcommunicatingamessageandbuildingrelationships,maybeabletotalktheirwayintoanentry-levelpositionwithoutanysalesexperience.Clinicalexperience,inparticular,israpidlybecomingavaluableassetforprospective

A.YB.NC.NG

20.Insustainablecommunities,rainwaterisregardedas______.

A.areplacementfordrinkingwater

B.afertilizertoenrichsoil

C.renewableresources

D.awasteproduct

三、3.ListeningComprehension(10題)21.(26)

A.Hehassomepetapesinhisapartment.

B.He'sworriedthechickenheleftoutwillspoil.

C.He'sworriedhisroommateswillworryabouthim.

D.He'sworriedhewillmissoutonhisdinner.

22.聽力原文：BecauseIrelandisanislandgeographicallynearthemainlandoftheUnitedKingdom,Englishrulershavefoughtsincethemiddleagestoretainpoliticalcontroloverit.Attractedbythelushfarmland,EnglishandScottishlandownerssettledthere,andintimeoffamineorpoliticalunrest,thelocalworkerssuffered,whiletheirlandlordswerecushionedbytheirwealth.ThehistoryofmodernIrelandis,infact,largelyastoryofresentmentbetweentheIrishandtheirEnglishandScottishrulers.

Sincethe1920's,Irelandhasbeendividedintotwoparts:NorthernIrelandandtheRepublicofIreland.ThenorthisstillpartoftheUnitedKingdomandispredominantlyProtestant;thesouthisanindependentrepublicandismainlyCatholic.ThemajorityinNorthIrelandacceptthispoliticalcompromise,huttheactiveandmainlyCatholicminorityarefightingforunionwiththeindependentrepublicofSouthernIreland.TheIRA,theIrishRepublicArmy,havemountedbombingcampaignsonmilitaryandciviltargetsinNorthernIrelandandEngland,theyhavesentletter-bombstopublicfigures,theyhaveshotfellowIrishmenwhosupporttheBritishorbelongtoopposing,andnowequallymilitantProtestantgroups.Asaresultofthis,theBritishhavestationedanarmyinBelfast,theIRAhavebeenoutlawed,andseveralofthemhavespentmanyyearsinprisonorhavediedinSupportoftheircause.Whetherthislevelofviolenceandrepressionisjustifiable,andwhethertheviolencethatcouldresultfrompoliticalchangewouldbeworthwhilearethecontroversialissuesthatdivideeverybodyinvolved.

(33)

A.Becauseofthepolitics.

B.Becauseoffamineunrest.

C.Becauseofthelushfarmland.

D.Becauseofsuffering.

23.聽力原文：M：Ifyoucanmakeupyourmindaboutthecolor，Icanstarttopaintyourhousetomorrow．

W：Well，forthemomentIlikelightpinkforthebed-room，lightblueforthesittingroomandyellowforthekitchen；

Q：Whatdoesthemando?

(16)

A.Housepainter.B.Salesman.C.Mailman.D.Milkman.

24.(31)

A.TheArctic.

B.WestAntarctic.

C.Thenorthernhemisphere.

D.Thesouthernhemisphere.

25.

【B11】

26.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:Ijustcalledthetravelagency,it'sallset.OnJunefirst,I'mheadingforthemountainsforanentireweek.

W:Haveyoucheckedtheacademiccalendar?Becausemyclassesaren'tovertilltheseventh.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(12)

A.Shehasn'tcalledthetravelagencyyet.

B.Themanmayhavetoreschedulehistrip.

C.Shedoesn'tknowwhenhersemesterends.

D.Themanshouldtakehisvacationsomewhereelse.

27.聽力原文：AnenvironmentalgroupcalledtheFoodCommissionisunhappyanddisappointedbecauseofthesaleofbottledwaterfromJapan.Thewater,angrilyarguedinpublic,hastraveled10,000"foodmiles"beforeitreachesWesterncustomers."TransportingwaterhalfwayacrosstheworldissurelytheextremelystupiduseoffuelwhenthereisplentyofwaterintheUK."ItisalsoworriedthatwearewastingourfuelbybuyingpramsfromIndonesia(7,000foodmiles)andcarrotsfromSouthAfrica(5,900foodmiles).

Countingthenumberofmilestraveledbyaproductisastrangewayoftryingtotellthetruesituationoftheenvironmentaldamagedonebyanindustry.Mostfoodistransportedaroundtheworldoncontainershipsthatareextremelyenergyefficient.Itshouldbenotedthatatonofbuttertransported25milesinatrucktoafarmers'marketdoesnotnecessarilyuselessfuelonitsjourneythanasimilarproducttransportedhundredsofmilesbysea.Besides,theideaof"miles"ignorestheamountoffuelusedintheproduction.ItispossibletocutdownyourfoodmilesbybuyingtomatoesgrowninBritainratherthanthosegrowninGhana;thedifferenceisthattheBritishoneswillhavebeenraisedinheatedgreenhousesandtheGhanaianonesintheopensun.

Whattheideaof"foodmiles"doesprovide,however,isthechancetocutoutThirdWorldCountriesfromFirstWorldfoodmarkets.Thenumberofmilestraveledbyourfoodshould,asIseeit,beregardedasasignofthesuccessoftheglobaltradesystem,notasignofdamagetotheenvironment.

26．WhyistheFoodCommissionangry?

27.Whatdoesthephrase"foodmiles"meanaccordingtothepassage?

28.WhatdoesthespeakertrytoexplainbycomparingtomatoesraisedinBritainandinGhana?

29.Whoismostprobablygivingthistalk?

(33)

A.Itfindssomeimportedgoodscauseenvironmentaldamage.

B.UKwastesalotofmoneyimportingfoodproducts.

C.Itthinkspeoplewasteenergybuyingfoodfromothercountries.

D.Growingcertainvegetablescausesenvironmentaldamage.

28.(40)

29.

【B9】

30.聽力原文：W：OhGod!whydidn'tyouwatchwhereyouaregoing?Lookatmyfender(擋泥板)!

M：Youshouldletmeover!Couldn'tyouseemesignaling?Don'tyouevenknowhowtodrive?Q：Whathappenedbetweenthetwospeakers?

(15)

A.Thetwooldfriendsmetonthestreetunexpectedly.

B.Theircarsknockedintoeachother.

C.Theyquarreledwitheachother.

D.Theyarguedabouthowtodriveontheroad.

四、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(3題)31.【S4】

32.

Thelastsentenceofthepassagemeansthat______.

A.writtenonshortnotice,thereportcanhardlycovertheentirecrisis

B.everythingbeingunfixedanduncertain,thisreportcannotincludetheentirecrisisnow

C.thisisonlyaspecialreport,withnoaimtocontaintheentirecrisis

D.thisreportmaynotbereceivedbythepress

33.

Accordingtothepassage,testingteamattheUniversityofIowaisthefirstto______.

A.developamethodtotesthearingbywayofthebrain

B.determinetheextentofbraindamageinhearing-impairedpersons

C.observethereactionofthebraintoalaboratory-controllednoise

D.studyallthepartsofbrain-waveresponsesatthesametime

五、5.ErrorCorrection(3題)34.

【S5】

35.

【S8】

36.

【S10】

六、6.ErrorCorrection(3題)37.

【S9】

38.【S10】

39.

【S4】

參考答案

1.EconomicDevelopmentandMoralDeclineTheseyearstheeconomyinChinaisadvancingbyleapsandbounds.Withthisswiftdevelopmentpeople'slifeisbetteroffandtheygetmuchmoremoneytospend.Butit'shumanEconomicDevelopmentandMoralDeclineTheseyears,theeconomyinChinaisadvancingbyleapsandbounds.Withthisswiftdevelopment,people'slifeisbetteroffandtheygetmuchmoremoneytospend.Butit'shuman

2.THEVALUEOFSCIENCEAtthementionofthevalueofsciencepeoplewillimmediatelyassociateitwithbeneficialresultsofscientificdiscoveries—thejoysandconvenienceswhichsciencehasbroughtintohumanlife.Itistruethatsciencehasrevolutionizedourwayoflifeandtransformedthelivesofbillionsofpeople.Ithasbecomethenew"magic"whichiscapableofdoingeverything.Thelatestdevicesandgadgetsaroundyouforbetterlivinghaveallcomeaboutasaresultoftheapplicationofscientificknowledge.AndpeoplenowcanhardlylivewithouttelephonesTVsetsjetplanesandcomputers.Butthetruevalueofsciencedoesnotmerelylieinthosethings.Itisfullyappreciatedbythewayinwhichsciencecontributestoman'sintellectualgrowthandspiritualwell-being.Itliesratherwithitsprocessthanwithitsresults.Whyarepeoplesoeagertobecomescientists?Whydoscientistsspendtheirwholelifeonobservationexperimentsandresearches?Scientistsarecompelledbycertainbasichumanurges.Oneistheurgetoexplore.ThespiritofColumbusofGalileoandofEinstein—thespiritofconqueringunchartedplacesdiscoveringunknownfactsandclimbinguntroddenmountainpeaks—isaninborngiftweareallendowedwith.Anotheristheurgetocreate.ItisnotonlyembodiedinthecountlessinventionsmadebyEdisontheworldfamousinventorbutalsoexpressedinwhatanordinarycarpenterdoes—hetendstostandasideadmiringatthatexquisitepiecehehasjustfinished.Obviouslysciencedoesmorethanprovidemanwithmaterialthings—ithelpsmantosatisfyhisstrongdesireforexplorationandtofullydevelophisintellectualpotentials.Scienceisman'smostpowerfulweaponwithwhichmanhasfreedhimselffromtheyokeofignoranceandconsequentfear.Scienceisman'streasurehousewhichhasconstantlyprovidedhimwithvitalityhopesambitionsunderstandingandinsights.Scienceisman'sbestfriendwhoisalwaysreadytohelp—helpelevatehimspirituallyandintellectually.Andscienceinitstruesenseisacelebrationofthehumanspirititself.THEVALUEOFSCIENCEAtthementionofthevalueofscience,peoplewillimmediatelyassociateitwithbeneficialresultsofscientificdiscoveries—thejoysandconvenienceswhichsciencehasbroughtintohumanlife.Itistruethatsciencehasrevolutionizedourwayoflifeandtransformedthelivesofbillionsofpeople.Ithasbecomethenew"magic"whichiscapableofdoingeverything.Thelatestdevicesandgadgetsaroundyouforbetterlivinghaveallcomeaboutasaresultoftheapplicationofscientificknowledge.Andpeoplenowcanhardlylivewithouttelephones,TVsets,jetplanesandcomputers.Butthetruevalueofsciencedoesnotmerelylieinthosethings.Itisfullyappreciatedbythewayinwhichsciencecontributestoman'sintellectualgrowthandspiritualwell-being.Itliesratherwithitsprocessthanwithitsresults.Whyarepeoplesoeagertobecomescientists?Whydoscientistsspendtheirwholelifeonobservation,experiments,andresearches?Scientistsarecompelledbycertainbasichumanurges.Oneistheurgetoexplore.ThespiritofColumbus,ofGalileo,andofEinstein—thespiritofconqueringunchartedplaces,discoveringunknownfactsandclimbinguntroddenmountainpeaks—isaninborngiftweareallendowedwith.Anotheristheurgetocreate.ItisnotonlyembodiedinthecountlessinventionsmadebyEdison,theworldfamousinventor,butalsoexpressedinwhatanordinarycarpenterdoes—hetendstostandasideadmiringatthatexquisitepiecehehasjustfinished.Obviously,sciencedoesmorethanprovidemanwithmaterialthings—ithelpsmantosatisfyhisstrongdesireforexplorationandtofullydevelophisintellectualpotentials.Scienceisman'smostpowerfulweapon,withwhichmanhasfreedhimselffromtheyokeofignoranceandconsequentfear.Scienceisman'streasurehouse,whichhasconstantlyprovidedhimwithvitality,hopes,ambitions,understandingandinsights.Scienceisman'sbestfriend,whoisalwaysreadytohelp—helpelevatehimspirituallyandintellectually.Andscience,initstruesense,isacelebrationofthehumanspirititself.

3.NatureorNurture?Todaythewayweconsiderhumanpsychologyandmentaldevelopmentisheavilydeterminedbythegeneticsciences.Wenowunderstandtheimportanceofinheritedcharacteristicsmorethaneverbefore.Yetwearestillunabletodecidewhetheranindividual'spersonalityanddevelopmentaremoreinfluencedbygeneticfactors(nature)orbytheenvironment(nurture).Researchrelatingtoidenticaltwinshashighlightedhowsignificantinheritedcharacteristicscanbeforanindividual'slife.Butwhetherthesecharacteristicsareabletodevelopwithinthepersonalityofanindividualsurelydependsonwhetherthecircumstancesallowsuchadevelopment.Itseemsthattheexperienceswehaveinlifearesounpredictableandsopowerfulthattheycanboostorover-rideotherinfluencesandthereseemstobeplentyofresearchfindingstoconfirmthis.Myownviewisthatthereisnoonemajorinfluenceinaperson'slife.Insteadthetraitsweinheritfromourparentsandthesituationandexperiencesthatweencounterinlifeareconstantlyinteracting.Itistheinteractionofthetwothatshapesaperson'spersonalityanddictateshowthatpersonalitydevelops.Ifthiswerenottruewewouldbeabletopredictthebehaviorandcharacterofapersonfromthemomenttheywereborn.InconclusionIdonotthinkthateithernatureornurtureisthemajorinfluenceonapersonbutthatbothhavepowerfuleffects.NatureorNurture?Todaythewayweconsiderhumanpsychologyandmentaldevelopmentisheavilydeterminedbythegeneticsciences.Wenowunderstandtheimportanceofinheritedcharacteristicsmorethaneverbefore.Yetwearestillunabletodecidewhetheranindividual'spersonalityanddevelopmentaremoreinfluencedbygeneticfactors(nature)orbytheenvironment(nurture).Research,relatingtoidenticaltwins,hashighlightedhowsignificantinheritedcharacteristicscanbeforanindividual'slife.Butwhetherthesecharacteristicsareabletodevelopwithinthepersonalityofanindividualsurelydependsonwhetherthecircumstancesallowsuchadevelopment.Itseemsthattheexperienceswehaveinlifearesounpredictableandsopowerful,thattheycanboostorover-rideotherinfluences,andthereseemstobeplentyofresearchfindingstoconfirmthis.Myownviewisthatthereisnoonemajorinfluenceinaperson'slife.Instead,thetraitsweinheritfromourparentsandthesituationandexperiencesthatweencounterinlifeareconstantlyinteracting.Itistheinteractionofthetwothatshapesaperson'spersonalityanddictateshowthatpersonalitydevelops.Ifthiswerenottrue,wewouldbeabletopredictthebehavior.andcharacterofapersonfromthemomenttheywereborn.Inconclusion,Idonotthinkthateithernatureornurtureisthemajorinfluenceonaperson,butthatbothhavepowerfuleffects.

4.ENTHUSIASMFORSPORTSModernsportsarebecomingmorespectator-orientedthanparticipantoriented.JustthinkofmillionsandmillionsofpeoplewhospendcountlesshoursbeforeTVsetswatchingsportsofallsorts:OlympicGamesWorldSeriesGamesandtheWorldCupSoccerGames.Accordingtoasurveysportshavethegreatestnumberofviewers(78%)amongvarioustelevisedevents.Whenanimportantfootballmatchistelevisedlivethestreetsofabigcityareoftenleftdeserted.Evenifitmakesspectatorsdog-tiredthenextdaytheycannottearthemselvesawayfromthescreen.Theyareeagertoknowforsurethefinalscores."Truethescoreswillbeavailableinthemorningpaper"saysafootballfan"butthat'snotthesamething:what'sgoingonhere!"ApassionforsportstakespossessionofthousandsofpeoplewhogotostadiumswatchgamesonTVorlistentobroadcasts.Oneoftheprimarycausesperhapsisthatsportscanprovidealternativeoutletsforemotionsandalternativesourcesofsatisfaction.Modernscienceandtechnologyhasreducedmostofworkandlifetoaroutine.Thereisnovarietynorchallengenorrisk.Everythingispredictableandcontrollable.Amongtheactivitiesthroughwhichpeopleseekreleasefromtheircolorlessexistenceorpent-upemotionssportsofferthepurestformofescapeandhealthiestoutlet.Sportscanobliterateawarenessofeverydayrealitydischargethetensionsofadayatworksatisfythestarvedneedforfreefantasyandaggressiveurgeandliftonetoamomentofintenseexcitem