English-new-words-英語詞匯學(xué)-新詞課件

NewWordsDefinition“Neologismsarenewlycoinedwordsorwordsthataregivennewmeaningstofitnewsituationsandnewneedsbecauseofthesocial,economic,political,cultural,especiallyscientificandtechnicalchangesinthegivenperiodinhumansociety.”NewwordsNewwordsSourceFormationRateThreeaspects14thcenturyFrenchwords16thcenturyLatin19thcenturyScience&Technology Part1TherateofChangesOftheEnglishVocabularyPart2TheSourcesofNewWords1.Therapiddevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology2.Political,economicandsocialchangesTherapiddevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology1Intheever-developingsociety,scienceandtechnologyareamajorsourceofsupplyingnewwordsinEnglish.Everytimewhenanewbranchofmodernsciencehasreachedacertainstageofmaturity,thereissurelygoingtobeanemergencyofrelevantnewwords.

bionics,ecophysiology,euphenicsmediastudies,laserprinterhumancloning,behaviorscience,informationscience,Blackstudieselectric-blanket,pressure-cooker

somespecificareasthatproducenewwords

(2)Biology:bioactivebiochipbiodiversitybioremediationbioprospectbiopesticide(1)Computing:absoluteaddressartificialintelligencedatabasefloppydischardwareterminalhackerblogWIFI--WirelessFidelitysomespecificareasthatproducenewwords

(3)Thedeepspace:earthrise地出lunarmodule登月車spacestationspacecraftspacemedicineheliospherequasar(4)Medicine:artemisinin青蒿素AIDS,AIDSvirusantidrugbirthcontrolpillGulfWarsyndromemadcowdiseasephotoscanningkick-itcentre2Political,economicandsocialchanges(1)Internationalstruggle:ECU--EuropeanCurrencyUnitgreenrevolutioninterpol--InternationalCriminalPoliceOrganizationThirdWorldnonalignedadvancementheDove(2)Internalpoliticalstruggle:aleism--discriminationagainstdisabledindividualsfreedomridelie-in,peacenikteach-incommunicationsgapcredibilitygapculturegap(3)Women'sliberation:businessperson,chairpersonnewsperson,spokespersonlib,libberwomanismwomen'sstudiessexism(4)Education:B-schoolGPA--gradepointaverageopenenrollmentflunk(failinaexam)bear(difficultsubjectorstrictteacher)megaversityhook(thegradeofC)(5)Soprtsandentertainment:aerobicairballautocrossguerrillatheaterjet-skiingcinenikjazznik(6)Communication:air-cushionvehiclebullettraincellphone,mobilephonee-book,e-commercefax-modemhotlinkinformationsuperhighwaytelemedicine(7)Changesinsocialanddomestichabits:bigsciencedatabankdigitalcameradiscohometheatermaximinibike,minischoolVCR--VideocassetteRecorder(8)Environment:lightpollutionnoisepollutionvisualpollutionwhitepollutiongreenpeaceEarthDayPart3TheformationofNeologismsByword-formationByaddingnewmeaningstoexistingwordsByanalogyByborrowingwordsfromotherlanguagesBycreatingcompletelynewcoinagesByword-formationAffixationShorteningCompoundingBlendingSuperman,supermarket,super-richClipping&acronymsAd,homo,flu,DJ,SARS,PCWhite-collar,fatfarm,litterbagBrunch,motel,smog,lansignSmartforeignnitizensGaddiction由gay和addiction合成，指女生總是愛上那些長得帥、有才華、了解女人、會照顧人的男人，結(jié)果這些男人都是gay。Destinesia由destination（目的地）和amnesia（遺忘）合成，到了一個地方，卻忘了自己當(dāng)初為什么出發(fā)。Ambitchous由ambition（雄心壯志）和bitch合成，指立志在婊這項事業(yè)上出人頭地。Youniverse由you和universe（宇宙）合成，指極端自我中心，覺得全宇宙只有自己最重要。Cupidity由Cupid（丘比特）和stupidity（蠢事）合成，指在愛情中做的傻事。ByaddingnewmeaningstoexistingwordsDovePigeon??personHawkBird??personMouse:Animal??computerWindow:Object??computerByborrowingwordsfromotherlanguagesTheEnglishlanguagehasbeendescribedbyDavidCrystalasan“insatiableborrower.”.Morethan120otherlanguageshaveservedassourcesforthecontemporaryvocabularyofEnglish.Mainsources:French,ModernGreek,German,Spanish,Chinese,Japanese,ItalianKungfuSushiSumoVisaAutobahnByanalogyBird’seye??worm’seye;Sunrise??moonrise;Spaceman??earthman,moonman;Boycott??girlcott;Babyboom??babybust;Nightmare??daymare;Whitecollar??bluecollar,pinkcollar,graycollar,goldcollar;Earthquake??moonquake;Marathon??talkthon;Coldwar??hotwarBycreatingcompletelynewwordsIngeneral,Englishnewwordsareformedaccordingtosomerulesandregulations,buttherearealsosomeexceptions.Afewnewwordsarecoinedbyuserswithoutanyfoundation.Forexample:Dweep(annoyingguy)Whack(outoffashion)Elixir(drugsoflongevity)Ok,youmaythinkEnglishnewwordsareboring.However,it’snot.Theyarenotallcliché.ConclusionThe

significance

of

studying

English

neologisms

mainly

lies

in

four

aspects.

1.Neologism

is

a

mirror

of

society,

which

reflects

its

development

and

needs,

it

meets

the

developing

situation.

2.With

the

increase

of

internationalculture

exchanges,

English

learn