高二英語譯林版選修六講義UNIT3SECTIONⅣ

eq\a\vs4\al\co1(虛擬語氣Ⅰ,,,[語法初識])原句感知自主探究①IfIwereyou,Ishouldtrymybesttogotocollege.②WereIyou,Ishouldtrymybesttogotocollege.③Ifhehadgonetothepartylastnight,everythingwouldhavechanged.④Hadhegonetothepartylastnight,everythingwouldhavechanged.⑤Ifitweretobesunnytomorrow,wewouldgooutforapicnic.⑥Wereittobesunnytomorrow,wewouldgooutforapicnic.(1)①②句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設。(2)③④句表示與過去事實相反的假設。(3)⑤⑥句表示與將來事實相反的假設。(4)句①②，③④，⑤⑥句的句意分別相同。(5)句②④⑥共同的特點是：省掉if后的倒裝句。[語法剖析]條件從句主句did(be多用were)would/should/could/might＋動詞原形IfIwereyou,Ishouldacceptthejob.假如我是你，我會接受這份工作。IfIhadtime,Iwouldgothere.假如我有空，我就去那兒。[即時演練1](1)單句語法填空①(福建高考改編)Iftherewere(be)nomoderntelemunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.②(湖南高考改編)Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfIhad(have)time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.(2)完成句子③假如我是你，我就抓住這次出國的時機。If_I_were_you,_Iwouldseizethechancetogoabroad.④假如我有足夠的錢，我首先會為自己買一臺電腦。If_I_had_enough_money,_Iwouldfirstofallbuymyselfaputer.2．與過去事實相反條件從句主句haddonewould/should/could/might＋havedoneIfithadnotbeenforyourhelpyesterday,Icouldn'thavecaughtthetrain.假如昨天沒有你的關心，我就趕不上火車。Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyouyourbook.假如他昨天見到你，他就會還你書的。[即時演練2](1)單句改錯①Ifyoutookmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexams.took→had_taken②Ifyouaskedmeyesterday,Icouldhavetoldyou.asked前加had③Ifithadn'tbeenforhishelp,Iwouldn'tsucceed.succeed→have_succeeded(2)單句語法填空④(2017·北京高考改編)Ifthenewsafetysystemhad_been_put(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.⑤(北京高考改編)Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyouhad_told(tell)me,Icouldhavehelped.⑥(北京高考改編)IfIhadn't_seen(see)itwithmyowneyes,Iwouldn'thavebelievedit.⑦(江蘇高考改編)IshouldnothavelaughedifIhad_thought(think)youwereserious.3．與將來事實相反條件從句主句did(be多用were)/shoulddo/weretodowould/should/could/might＋動詞原形Ifhisflightshouldbedelayed/weretobedelayed/weredelayed,wewouldfailtomeethim.萬一他的航班被延誤了，我們就接不到他了。(事實上航班被延誤的可能性不大)Iftheseicebergsshouldmeltatthesametime,wewoulddrown.假如這些冰山同時溶化的話，我們就都淹死了。(不行能發(fā)生)[即時演練3]一句多譯假如你將來勝利了，一切都會好的。①If_you_succeeded,_everythingwouldbeallright.②If_you_should_succeed,_everythingwouldbeallright.③If_you_were_to_succeed,_everythingwouldbeallright.條件句中有were，had，should時，可把if省略，而把were,had,should放在主語前，構成倒裝結構。留意：假設虛擬條件句為否認句，否認詞not不提前。Weretheynottogetmarried,theywouldnotbehappy.要是他們不結婚的話，他們是不會幸福的。Haditnotbeenforyourlaziness,youcouldhavefinishedtheassignmentbynow.要不是你偷懶，你現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)完成任務了。ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldcallonher.我要是有時間就去看她。[即時演練4](1)單句語法填空①(浙江高考改編)Hadthegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogether,AIDS-relateddeathswould_not_have_fallen(notfall)sincetheirhighestin2005.②(江蘇高考改編)ItmighthavesavedmesometroublehadIknown(know)theschedule.(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換③Ifitwerenotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovereherdifficulty.→Wereitnotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovereherdifficulty.④Ifitshouldrainthisafternoon,thebasketballmatchwouldbeputoff.→Shoulditrainthisafternoon,thebasketballmatchwouldbeputoff.道歉信[技法指導]抱歉信是因過失或疏忽做錯了事，給別人帶來了麻煩或損失，覺察后為了給對方賠禮抱歉而寫的信件。其結構為：抱歉信eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(說明寫作意圖，對某事表示歉意,說明抱歉的詳細緣由,再次說明歉意，懇求諒解，并提出補救措施))[黃金表達]★開頭常用語1．Iamwritingthislettertoapologizetoyoufor...2．Iamwritingtoexpress/conveymydeepestapologytoyou.★主體局部常用語1．IregrettoinformyouthatIcannot/amunableto...2．Iamsorryformynotbeingableto...duetothefactthat...3．Irememberweplannedto...butnowbecause...Icannot...withyouasplanned.4．Muchtomyregret,Iwasunableto...andIwishthatmyapologycouldhelptosomeextent.5．Imustapologizeforanyinconvenienceitmayhavecausedyou.★結尾常用語1．Onceagain,I'msorryforanyinconveniencecaused.2．Isincerelyhopethatyouwillbeabletothinkinmypositionandacceptmyapologies.3．Pleaseacceptmysincereapologyfor...oncemore.4．Isincerelyhopethatyouwillkindlyacceptmyapologies.[寫作標準][題目要求](2016·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)假定你是李華，與留同學伴侶Bob約好一起去書店，因故不能赴約。請給他寫封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1．表示歉意；2．說明緣由；3．另約時間。留意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。[三步作文法]第一步：搜尋詞匯1．去書店go_to_the_bookstore2．向某人抱歉make_an_apology_to_sb.3．參與take_part_in4．英語辯論大賽the_English_debate_petition5．對……便利be_convenient_for其次步：由詞造句1．我們方案這個星期六去書店。①Weplanned_to_go_to_the_bookstorethisSaturday.②Wewere_going_to_go_to_the_bookstorethisSaturday.2．正由于如此，我寫信是想表達我真誠的歉意。①Becauseofthis,I'mwritingto_apologize_to_you_sincerely.②Becauseofthis,I'mwritingto_express_my_heartfelt_apologytoyou.3．我被選出來代表我們學校參與英語辯論競賽，你知道這對我來說是特別重要的。①I'mchosentorepresentourschooltotakepartintheEnglishdebatepetition,which,youknowis_very_important_to_me.②I'mchosentorepresentourschooltotakepartintheEnglishdebatepetition,which,youknowis_of_great_importance_to_me.4．假如我們這個星期天去書店你便利嗎？①Will_you_be_freeifwegotothebookshopthisSunday?②Would_it_be_convenient_for_youifwegotothebookshopthisSunday?第三步：聯(lián)句成篇DearBob，Howareyoudoing?WeplannedtogotothebookstorethisSaturday.Unfortunately,Ican'tmakeit.Becauseofthis,I'mwritingtoexpressmyheartfeltapologytoyou.HowIwishIcouldgowithyou!However,I'mchosentorepresentourschooltotakepartintheEnglishdebatepetition,which,youknowisofgreatimportancetome,forIhavebeendreamingofhavingachancelikethistoimprovemyspokenEnglish.WoulditbeconvenientforyouifwegotothebookshopthisSunday?I'mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours，LiHuaⅠ.單句語法填空1．—Imissedthetrainyesterday.—Why？Ifyouhad_got(get)upearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthetrain.2．Sheisbusylookingforajob.Ifshehad(have)time,shewouldcertainlycallonyou.3．Ifhehadn'tworkedhardinhisteenage,hewouldn't_succeed(notsucceed)now.4．—Whatwouldyoudoifitshould_rain/were_to_rain/rained(rain)tomorrow?—Wehavetocarryitonsincewe'vegoteverythingready.5．IfIhadtimethisevening,Iwould_go(go)toyourbirthdayparty.6．Maryisilltoday.Ifshewere(be)notill,shewouldn'tbeabsentfromschool.7．WereItodoit,Iwould_do(do)itinsomeotherway.8．Ifyouhad_been(be)morecareful,thericewouldnothavebeenburnt.9．Were(be)Iyou,Iwouldgowiththem.10．IfIshould_see/were_to_see/saw(see)himtomorrow,Iwouldinvitehimhome.Ⅱ.語法與寫作(句型轉(zhuǎn)換)1．Ifhehadehereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenhisoldfriend.→Hadheehereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenhisoldfriend.2．Shewasnotatschool,soIdidn'tseeher.→Ifshehadbeenatschool,Iwouldhaveseenher.3．Iwon'tletyougotoworknow.Itisrainingveryhard.→Iwouldletyougotoworknowifitdidn'trainsohard.4．Ididn'thaveheraddress,soIlosttouchwithher.→IfIhadhadheraddress,Iwouldn'thavelosttouchwithher.5．IfIwereyou,Iwouldbuyanewcar.→WereIyou,_Iwouldbuyanewcar.[對應同學課下力量提升(十一)]Ⅰ.完成句子1．他昨天要是看到了你，他就會問你這事了。(倒裝結構)Had_he_seen_you_yesterday,_hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.2．假假設我是你，我就會立刻做。(倒裝結構)Were_I_you,_Iwoulddoitatonce.3．假如她再刻苦一點，她會取得更好的成果。Shecould_have_gotten_better_gradesifshehadstudiedharder.4．假如明每天氣好，他們就去游泳。Iftheweatherwere_to_be/should_be/were_finetomorrow,theywouldgoforaswim.5．假如太陽從西邊出來，我就會轉(zhuǎn)變辦法。Ifthesunweretoriseinthewest,Iwould_change_my_mind.Ⅱ.閱讀理解Mostofuslineupalargenumberoftimesduringourlives.Thinkaboutit.Banks.Restaurants.Doctors.Waitinglinesaresuchathorninoursidesatpopulardestinations(目的地)—DisneyWorld,theEmpireStateBuilding—thatmanyofusarewillingtopaytoavoidlines.Culturehasmuchtodowithhowwehandlewaitinglines.TheBritisharethebestpeopleintheworldatwaitinginlines.I'veneverseenapeoplelessconcernedwithlinesthantheBritish.Ifyou'vebeentoWimbledonyouknowwhatImean.Therearenoonlineticketsalesforthisfortnightoftennis.Youqueueupforhours,oftenahalfdayormorewith8,000othersonagolfcoursenearthestadium,sufferingwhateverrain,windorsun.ItisanunwrittenbuteverpresentruleatWimbledonthatyounevertalkaboutorevenadmitthatthequeueexists.You'llhearandparticipateineveryconversationimaginablewhilewaiting.It'snotreallypossibletojumporbreak-inaqueueatWimbledonbecauseofthestewardsandthetime-datedstampstheyhandout,butit'sconsideredbadbehavioranywherebytheBritish.SomeplacessuchasrestaurantsinCanadaandintheStatesaregettingwise.Thehostorhostessgreetsyou,andsaysalmostapologetically(抱歉地).“Sorry,butitwillbeabout45minutes！〞Almostalwaysyou'llbeseatedinjust20to30minutes.It'scalledmanaging_expectations.But,nowyou'reveryhappyasifyouhadsomethingtodowithgettingatableearlier.Finally,technologypromisestosavesomequeuingtime.Intheyearsahead,storeswilladoptApple'smethods,witheverysalespersoncapableoftakingpayments.Thenthelineswilldisappear.Withage,perhaps,eswisdom.IdowhateverIcantoavoidactivitieswherequeuesarequitemon.Butyoucan'talwaysavoidlines,soImakethebestofthem.Iusuallystartconversationswithtotalstrangersinaqueue...attheveryleastyouopenyourselfuptoanopportunityforanengagingconversation.Queues,likelife,havealottodowithattitudes.語篇解讀：本文是談論文。作者在文中表達了個別國家對于“排隊等候〞的態(tài)度，并說明白自己對此的觀點和態(tài)度。1．Whydoestheauthorsaythatwaitinglinesareathorninoursides?A．Liningupmakesushurt.B．Wehavetopaytoavoidlines.C．Wespendmostofourlifequeuing.D．Waitinglinesareunavoidableinourlife.解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。由第一段可知，受歡送的景點的長隊讓人很苦痛，以至于我們寧愿花錢去防止排隊。2．WhilequeuinginWimbledon,________.A．youwillbefinedifyoubreakinB．everybodyisusedtowaitinglongC．peopleprovetheexistenceofqueuesD．thewaitingtimedependsontheweather解析：選B推理推斷題。由其次段和第四段“ItisanunwrittenbuteverpresentruleatWimbledonthatyounevertalkaboutorevenadmitthatthequeueexists〞可知，在Wimbledon，甚至人們都看不到“隊伍〞的存在，這里的人們都已經(jīng)習慣了排隊等候。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“managingexpectations〞inParagraph5referto?A．Reducingwaitingtimesatqueuelines.B．Havinghighexpectationsforcustomers.C．Tryingtoliveuptocustomers'expectations.D．Lettingcustomerswaitshorterthantheyexpected.解析：選D詞義猜想題。由第五段可知，在加拿大和的一些餐館，效勞生會告知人們一個比實際等待時間要長的時間，這樣顧客會早于他們期盼的時間落座，這被稱為“管理期盼〞。4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardslines?A．Annoyed.B．Unclear.C．Positive.D．Indifferent.解析：選C觀點態(tài)度題。由最終一段可知，作者學著用才智來解決排隊問題，即使躲避不過，也會很好地利用“排隊等候時間〞。故作者對排隊持有樂觀的態(tài)度。Ⅲ.閱讀七選五Buyingsomeoneyouloveagiftthatexpressesyourtruestfeelingsisn'talwayseasy.__1__Here'showtodiscoveragiftthereceiverwilllove.?Listentowhatotherssaid.Whileyoumaythinkitisagreatideatosurprisesomeonebygivinghimorhersomethingthatyouthinkisameaningfulgift,itisbestjusttogetthemexactlywhattheyhavetoldyou.__2__Soforgetaboutwhatyouthinktheywantandgetthemwhattheyhavespecificallyaskedfor.?__3__Inordertoshowlove,wemightgobiginsteadofthinkingofwhatreallymakesthepersonhappy.YoumightthinkbuyingyourhusbandthenewestsmartTVisperfect,butwhenyougetithome,itlightsupthelivingroomlikeastadiumandistotallywrongforthespace.Instead,thinksmartandpractical.?Makeagiftyourself.__4__“Doityourself(DIY)〞giftscanallowyoutoprovidesomethingthoughtfulforyourlovedoneswithoutbreakingthebank.Besides,theyshowhowspecialthereceiveristoyoubyputtingsometime,effort,andloveintosomethinghandmade.?Createanexperience.Ifyouwanttocreateamemorablemoment,visitwebsitessuchasGrouponandLivingSocial,whereyoucanbuythelatestticketsforaplay,aswimminglessonpackage,orevensomethingunexpectedlikeaflightlesson.__5__A．Sizedoesn'tmatter.B．Don'tgive“l(fā)azy〞gifts.C．Youdon'thavetospendalotofmoneyonagift.D．However,whenyougetitright,thejoytheyshowwillmakeyouhappier.E．Thesearethingsthatcanbeexperiencedtogetherandcreatealastingmemory.F．Giftreceiversaremoreappreciativeofgiftstheyaskforthanthosetheydonot.G．Thesekindsofgiftstakemoreeffortandtimethanothers,butarewellworththem.eq\x(語篇解讀：本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了如何為自己愛的人選擇禮物。)1．解析：選D上句提到：給你喜愛的人買一個能表達你最真摯感情的禮物總是不簡單。與此承接的是D項，意為“但是，當你送對禮物時，他們所表現(xiàn)出來的歡樂會讓你更歡樂〞。2．解析：選F上句提到：雖然你或許認為給他們一個你認為有意義的禮物讓他或她驚喜是一個好辦法，但是最好送他們告知過你想要的東西。下句提到：所以不要考慮你認為他們想要的，給他們買他們特殊想要的。由此可知F項正確。3．解析：選A依據(jù)本段中的“wemightgobig〞及“Instead,thinksmartandpractical.〞及所舉的例子可知，本段主要介紹了禮物的大小沒有關系。4．解析：選C該空下一句提到：自己動手制作的禮物能讓你不花許多錢，卻能給你愛的人一份貼心的禮物。由此可知，應選C項，意為“沒必要花許多錢買一個禮物〞。5．解析：選E依據(jù)該段主題句及該空上一句中的memorable可知，應選E項，意為“這些事情是能一起經(jīng)受，還能引起長久的回憶的事情〞。Ⅳ.語法填空TheteacultureofChinais__1__(amaze)andhasalonghistory.TeadrinkingwaswidespreadinChinaforaboutonethousandyearsbefore__2__(appear)inEurope.TeadrinkinginChinaenjoyswidepopularity.Manypeoplenowadaysgotoexpensivelydecoratedteahouses__3__(talk)business.However,teadrinkingisveryplex.Manyfactorscontributeto__4__enjoyableexperience.Itstartswiththesurroundings.Inthepast,teadrinkingtookplaceinasetting__5__“springwaterrunsoilmarble〞．Atpresent,inordertocreatesuchatmosphere,teahouses__6___(decorate)withtraditionalpaintingsandfurniture.Besides,thereisalwaysa__7__(perform)ofatraditionalChinesemusicalinstrument,suchastheguzheng,pipaanderhu.Blacktea,to